动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.05.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 心血管疾病是全球范围内造成死亡的最主要原因，其核心病理改变动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis，AS）是一种多因素驱动的慢性炎症性疾病。AS发病机制涉及脂代谢紊乱、炎症反应与斑块易损性等多重病理环节，其复杂性要求动物模型需精准模拟特定病理特征。基因工程小鼠凭借遗传背景可编辑性、表型可追踪性及与人类病理的分子保守性，成为解析AS机制的核心工具。本文将对主要AS小鼠模型构建方法进行概述，重点分析饮食诱导、遗传修饰及物理损伤等不同的建模方法在模拟病理特征和表型稳定性方面的效果。

关键词: 心血管病, 动脉粥样硬化, 动物模型, 载脂蛋白E, 低密度脂蛋白受体, 斑块

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with atherosclerosis (AS)-its core pathological manifestation-representing a multifactorial-driven chronic inflammatory disorder. The pathogenesis of AS involves intricate pathological mechanisms including dyslipidemia, inflammatory cascades, and plaque vulnerability, whose complexity necessitates animal models capable of accurately recapitulating specific pathological features. Genetically engineered murine models have emerged as pivotal tools for deciphering AS mechanisms, owing to their genetic manipulability, phenotypic traceability, and molecular conservation with human pathophysiology. This review provides a systematic overview of current methodologies for establishing AS mouse models, with particular emphasis on evaluating the pathological fidelity of dietary induction approaches, genetic modification strategies ［notably apolipoprotein E (ApoE)^-/- and low density lipoproteins receptor (LDLr)^-/- models］, and physical injury paradigms.

Key words: cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, animal models, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), low density lipoproteins receptor (LDLr), plaque

中图分类号:

R543

马薇, 姜慧敏, 周一帆, 张炜月, 李慧, 周陈, 吉训明. 动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型研究进展[J]. 首都医科大学学报, 2025, 46(5): 924-933.

Ma Wei , Jiang Huimin , Zhou Yifan , Zhang Weiyue , Li Hui , Zhou Chen , Ji Xunming. Research progress in mouse model of atherosclerosis[J]. Journal of Capital Medical University, 2025, 46(5): 924-933.

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