骨骼肌来源的外泌体通过诱导骨髓间充质干细胞无氧糖酵解途径调控骨组织的形成

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2026.03.022

首都医科大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 588-596.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2026.03.022

骨骼肌来源的外泌体通过诱导骨髓间充质干细胞无氧糖酵解途径调控骨组织的形成

李媛^1,2,李建瑛³,李小雨^1,2,赛伊达² ,杨欣^2*#,杨曦^4*#

1.石河子大学第一附属医院口腔科,新疆石河子 832003；2.新疆军区总医院口腔颌面外科,乌鲁木齐 830000；3.新疆军区总医院动物实验科,乌鲁木齐 830000; 4.新疆军区总医院科研教学办, 乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2026-02-06 修回日期:2026-03-26 出版日期:2026-06-21 发布日期:2026-06-26
通讯作者: 杨欣, 杨曦 E-mail:676785284@qq.com;yxx1984121@163.com
基金资助:
新疆军区总医院“喀喇昆仑”人才基金拔尖项目（2022BJ002）。

Skeletal muscle-derived exosomes mediate osteogenesis by activating anaerobic glycolysis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Li Yuan^1,2， Li Jianying³， Li Xiaoyu^1,2， Sai Yida²， Yang Xin^2*#， Yang Xi^4*#

1.Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University，Shihezi 832003，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China；2．Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command，Urumqi 830000，China; 3．Department of Animal Experimentation, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command，Urumqi 830000, China；4. Department of Scientific Research and Teaching, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command， Urumqi 830000, China

Received:2026-02-06 Revised:2026-03-26 Online:2026-06-21 Published:2026-06-26
Supported by:
This study was supported by the Karakoram Talent Fund Top Project of Xinjiang Military Command General Hospital (2022BJ002).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探究骨骼肌来源的外泌体（skeletal muscle-derived exosomes，SKM-Exos）通过诱导无氧糖酵解途径对骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells，BMSCs）成骨分化的影响。方法 ①选用6~8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠，采用全骨髓贴壁法分离培养纯化得到BMSCs，并利用试剂盒分离SKM-Exos。②SKM-Exos孵育BMSCs后行成骨分化诱导，第7、21天时行碱性磷酸酶和钙结节的检测；③SKM-Exos孵育BMSCs 6 d后，通过实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链式反应(real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR)检测BMSCs中Runx2、Osterix、骨钙素（osteocalein, Ocn)和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白骨向分化相关基因的表达水平；④选择抑制或激活无氧糖酵解过程的药物鱼藤酮、二氯乙酸钠（sodium dichloroacetate，DCA）、草氨酸钠作用于BMSCs 24 h后进行成骨诱导分化，通过对钙结节的定性定量检测、BMSCs葡萄糖消耗量及乳酸生成量的对比分析，初步验证SKM-Exos可能通过诱导无氧糖酵解增加了乳酸生成而促进了BMSCs的成骨分化能力。结果 ①骨骼肌组织能够分泌大量的外泌体，SKM-Exos能够显著上调成骨分化相关基因的表达，同时显著提高BMSCs的成骨分化能力；②SKM-Exos能够增强BMSCs的成骨分化能力与其诱导无氧糖酵解过程增加了乳酸的生成密切相关。结论骨骼肌来源的外泌体能够通过诱导BMSCs无氧糖酵解途径调控骨组织的形成。

关键词: 骨骼肌, 外泌体, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 无氧糖酵解, 成骨分化, 骨组织形成

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of skeletal muscle-derived exosomes (SKM-Exos) on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by inducing the anaerobic glycolysis pathway. Methods ①BMSCs were isolated, cultured, and purified from 6-8 week-old male C57BL/6 mice by using the whole bone marrow adherence method. SKM-Exos were isolated by using a commercial kit. ② BMSCs were incubated with SKM-Exos and then subjected to osteogenic differentiation induction. On days 7 and 21, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and calcium nodule detection were performed.③After 6 days of incubation with SKM-Exos, the mRNA expression levels of osteogenic differentiation-related genes ［Runx2, Osterix, osteocalcin (Ocn), and collagen-1］ in BMSCs were detected via real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). ④BMSCs were treated with drugs that inhibit or activate the anaerobic glycolysis pathway ［rotenone, sodium dichloroacetate (DCA), and oxamate］ for 24 h, followed by osteogenic induction. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of calcium nodules, as well as comparative measurements of glucose consumption and lactate production in BMSCs, it was preliminarily verified that SKM-Exos may promote the osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs by inducing anaerobic glycolysis and increasing lactate production. Results ①Skeletal muscle tissue secreted abundant exosomes. SKM-Exos significantly upregulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and markedly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs. ②The enhancement of osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs by SKM-Exos was closely associated with increased lactate production induced by the anaerobic glycolysis pathway. Conclusion Skeletal muscle-derived exosomes can regulate bone formation by inducing the anaerobic glycolysis pathway in BMSCs.

Key words: skeletal muscle, exosomes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, anaerobic glycolysis, osteogenesis, bone tissue formation

中图分类号:

李媛, 李建瑛, 李小雨, 赛伊达, 杨欣, 杨曦. 骨骼肌来源的外泌体通过诱导骨髓间充质干细胞无氧糖酵解途径调控骨组织的形成[J]. 首都医科大学学报, 2026, 47(3): 588-596.

Li Yuan, Li Jianying, Li Xiaoyu, Sai Yida, Yang Xin, Yang Xi. Skeletal muscle-derived exosomes mediate osteogenesis by activating anaerobic glycolysis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Journal of Capital Medical University, 2026, 47(3): 588-596.

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骨骼肌来源的外泌体通过诱导骨髓间充质干细胞无氧糖酵解途径调控骨组织的形成

Skeletal muscle-derived exosomes mediate osteogenesis by activating anaerobic glycolysis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

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