首都医科大学学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 904-909.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.06.025

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

药物慢性滥用产生的注意功能缺陷

李景业1, 郑志军2, 罗艳琳3   

  1. 1. 首都医科大学基础医学院09级七年制临床专业, 北京 100069;
    2. 上海市强制戒毒所, 上海 200439;
    3. 首都医科大学基础医学院神经生物学系, 北京 100069
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-02 出版日期:2013-12-21 发布日期:2013-12-13
  • 通讯作者: 罗艳琳 E-mail:luoyl@ccmu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    首都医科大学基础临床合作课题基金(12JL41,13JL77);首都医科大学本科生创新项目(xsky2012005)。

Attentional defects induced by chronic drug abuse

LI Jingye1, ZHENG Zhijun2, LUO Yanlin3   

  1. 1. Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
    2. Compulsory Drug Rehabilitation of Shanghai, Shanghai 200439, China;
    3. Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • Received:2013-05-02 Online:2013-12-21 Published:2013-12-13
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by Basic Clinical Foundation of Capital Medical University(12JL41,13JL77);Innovation Project of Undergraduate of Capital Medical University(xsky2012005).

摘要:

慢性药物滥用严重影响滥用者的认知功能,如注意功能,已引起人们的普遍关注。本文利用常见的注意测试任务分析了鸦片类药物和神经运动兴奋剂的慢性滥用对注意的影响。多数研究支持鸦片类和神经运动兴奋剂类药物滥用对注意功能存在负性影响,其中,神经运动兴奋剂类滥用造成的影响更为突出。慢性可卡因滥用对男性滥用者的影响大于女性,且注意功能的损伤可能在滥用期间被掩盖,却会在戒断药物后显露出来。慢性摇头丸滥用与慢性大麻滥用明显损伤滥用者的注意功能。对慢性冰毒滥用的研究则显示随着戒断时间的延长滥用者的注意缺陷有所恢复。

关键词: 慢性药物滥用, 注意, 鸦片, 神经运动兴奋剂

Abstract:

Severe influences on cognitive function caused by chronic drug abuse, such as attention, have drawn public attention. In present review, common attentional tasks were introduced, and behavioral effects on attention, caused by chronic abuse of opioid or psychomotor stimulants, were analyzed. The majority of the studies showed the negative effects on attentional function caused by opioid or psychomotor stimulants abuse, especially for the psychomotor stimulants. As for cocaine, male abusers showed poorer attention compared with their female counterparts. Cocaine-induced impairments may be concealed for abusers during their cocaine use, but may resurface during their abstinence. MDMA and cannabis abuse will significantly impair abusers' attention; while methamphetamine abusers may recover from their attention defects to some degree after certain lengthy time of abstinence.

Key words: chronic drug abuse, attention, opioid, psychomotor stimulants

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