民航飞行员的听力损失状况及其影响因素的调查研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.028

首都医科大学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 955-960.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.028

民航飞行员的听力损失状况及其影响因素的调查研究

胡墨绳¹, 张华², 王雷¹, 杨秀云¹, 马峰杰¹, 秦彩虹¹, 白银¹

1. 中国民用航空局民用航空医学中心民用航空人员体检鉴定所, 北京 100123;
2. 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所, 北京 100005

收稿日期:2018-03-23 出版日期:2018-11-21 发布日期:2018-12-19
通讯作者: 张华 E-mail:a-zhang@263.net

Investigation on the status of hearing loss and its influencing factors in civilian pilots

Hu Mosheng¹, Zhang Hua², Wang Lei¹, Yang Xiuyun¹, Ma Fengjie¹, Qin Caihong¹, Bai Yin¹

1. Civil Aviation Medical Assessment Institute, Civil Aviation Medicine Center, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Beijing 100123, China;
2. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing 100005, China

Received:2018-03-23 Online:2018-11-21 Published:2018-12-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨民航飞行员人群的听力损失状况及其影响因素。方法收集1 423例经中国民航Ⅰ级体检鉴定诊断为"听力损失"的飞行员医学资料。对纯音气导听阈进行耳侧及频率间比较；分析听力损失的类型及程度；类型组间比较总飞行时间、年龄以及血脂数据；以总飞行时间作为自变量，语频及高频均值分别作为因变量行曲线拟合。结果岛状听力损失组（组A）：496例（34.86%），高频听力损失组（组B）：523例（36.75%），语频听力损失组（组C）：67例（4.71%），全频听力损失组（组D）：337例（23.68%）；左侧重度听力损失2耳，中度听力损失7耳，轻度听力损失217耳；右侧重度听力损失5耳，中度听力损失12耳，轻度听力损失220耳；6 000 Hz阈值增高最显著；组D总飞行时间最长且年龄最大；组间高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein-cholesterol， HDL-C）经多重比较显示，组D和组C数值相对较低；高频均值拟合曲线的斜率相对较大。结论受试人群整体听力水平较好，听力损失以6 000 Hz为著且与年龄及噪声因素有关；HDL-C可能是听觉功能的保护性因素；有必要针对飞行员人群开展多学科协同预防。

关键词: 飞行员, 听力损失, 合格鉴定, 预防医学, 多学科研究

Abstract: Objective Study on the status of hearing loss and its influencing factors in civilian pilots subjects. Methods The medical data of 1 423 pilots who were diagnosed as "hearing loss" by Civil Aviation Administration of China(CAAC) class Ⅰ physical examination was adopted in cluster sampling. The air-conduction threshold between ears and frequencies were compared and the types and severity of hearing loss were analyzed. The total flight time was taken as independent variable, and the speech and high frequency thresholds were used as dependent variables for curve fitting, respectively. Results Island-like shape hearing loss (Group A):496 cases(34.86%),high frequency hearing loss (Group B):523 cases(36.75%), speech frequency hearing loss (Group C):67 cases(4.71%),full frequency hearing loss (Group D):337 cases(23.68%). There were 2 severe, 7 moderate, 217 mild hearing loss in left and 5 severe, 12 moderate, 220 mild hearing loss in right; 6 000 Hz hearing loss was the most significant; Group D subjects was the oldest and had the longest total flying time. Multiple comparisons showed that the values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in group D and group C were relatively low. The slope of high frequency thresholds fitting curve was much steeper. Conclusion The overall hearing level of the subjects was high, hearing loss was the severest at 6 000 Hz and related to age and ambient noise. HDL-C may be a protective factor for auditory function. It is necessary to carry out multidisciplinary collaborative prevention for pilot population.

Key words: pilots, hearing loss, eligibility determination, preventive medicine, interdisciplinary research

中图分类号:

R856.76

胡墨绳, 张华, 王雷, 杨秀云, 马峰杰, 秦彩虹, 白银. 民航飞行员的听力损失状况及其影响因素的调查研究[J]. 首都医科大学学报, 2018, 39(6): 955-960.

Hu Mosheng, Zhang Hua, Wang Lei, Yang Xiuyun, Ma Fengjie, Qin Caihong, Bai Yin. Investigation on the status of hearing loss and its influencing factors in civilian pilots[J]. Journal of Capital Medical University, 2018, 39(6): 955-960.

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民航飞行员的听力损失状况及其影响因素的调查研究

Investigation on the status of hearing loss and its influencing factors in civilian pilots

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