关键词: 法定传染病, 流行特征, 疾病谱, 传染病监测, 发病率

Abstract: Objective  To analyze the epidemic trend and characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Xindu District of Chengdu, and to explore the changes of disease spectrum, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods  The epidemic data of notifiable infectious diseases in Xindu District of Chengdu from 2008 to 2022 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results  From 2008 to 2022, a total of 66 302 cases of 28 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Xindu District of Chengdu, with an average annual reported incidence of 516.94 /100 000. A total of 266 deaths were reported, with an average annual mortality rate of 2.07 /100 000 and a case fatality rate of 0.40 %. No Class A infectious diseases were reported, and Class B infectious diseases had no obvious seasonality. Class C infectious diseases had two incidence peaks from June to August and from October to December. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.41∶1, and the age of onset was mostly 0-4 years old. The reported cases were mainly scattered children, preschool children, students, farmers, housework and unemployed people. According to the main mode of transmission, the annual average reported incidence rate from high to low was intestinal infectious diseases, respiratory infectious diseases, blood and sexually transmitted infectious diseases, insect-borne and natural focal infectious diseases, and other infectious diseases. The mode of transmission gradually transitioned from intestinal infectious diseases to respiratory infectious diseases. From 2020 to 2022, except for COVID-19 and influenza cases, the reported incidence of infectious diseases in other transmission routes decreased. The reported diseases were mainly concentrated in tuberculosis, hepatitis B, syphilis, mumps, hand-foot-mouth disease, influenza and other infectious diarrhea, and the annual reported incidence order changed slightly. Conclusion  From 2008 to 2022, the reported incidence of Class B infectious diseases in Xindu District of Chengdu  showed a steady decline, while the reported incidence of Class C infectious diseases showed a fluctuating upward trend. The prevention and control measures of the new coronavirus epidemic are conducive to reducing the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases. It is necessary to focus on the prevention and control of high-risk infectious diseases such as hand-foot-mouth disease, influenza, other infectious diarrhea, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome, with highly reported mortality. Targeted health interventions should be carried out for key populations, key seasons, and key areas. At the same time, the monitoring of new and rare infectious diseases should be strengthened.

Key words: notifiable infectious diseases, epidemiological characteristics, disease spectrum, monitoring of infections diseases, incidence rate