Abstract: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurred in the process of immune reconstitution disease after highly active antiretroviral therapy. In this paper, the concept, diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations and treatment of IRIS were reviewed. It is important to improve diagnosis and differentiation of the IRIS and reduce delays. One of the characteristics of immune reconstitution is restoration of immune response to opportunistic infections . Therefore, unless there is a threat to patient's life or a risk that may lead to a very high rate of disability, the highly active antiretroviral therapy should be continued.

Key words: HIV/AIDS, highly active antiretroviral therapy, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome