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Brief report on stroke prevention and treatment in China,2024 Stroke Prevention Project, National Health Commission, Ji Xunming Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 947-960.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.001 Abstract （2990）      PDF（pc） （5215KB）（1649）       Knowledge map    Save lthough China has a slight decline in stroke incidence in recent years, it still seems to be the leading health threat to Chinese citizens. China continues to bear a heavy stroke burden which has distinct epidemiological characteristics, while major risk factors remain prevalent and poorly controlled. Markedly, the government is putting effort into advancing the stroke prevention and treatment system, meanwhile, continuously funding cerebrovascular disease research, and driving steady improvements in diagnosis and treatment capabilities. However,  stroke prevention and control work in China still faces considerable challenges. This report systematically reviews the current state of stroke prevention and treatment in China during 2023 from five perspectives: epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic and therapeutic advances, prevention system development and stroke center construction, aiming to provide references for clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Micro RNA-10b regulates the early tooth development homeostasis of miniature swine by targeting and suppressing Wnt9B Sun Meng, He Xiaoli, Tong Xiangyao, Li Ang Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 992-999.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.006 Abstract （1840）      PDF（pc） （5245KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To investigate of the regulatory role of micro RNA (miR)-10b in early tooth development homeostasis of miniature swine and its underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods  Miniature swine bud-stage first deciduous molar tooth germs were used to perform miRNA sequencing under monoculture and mandible co-culture conditions to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. Among these, miR-10b was selected for further study, and its expression was validated by real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Dental mesenchymal cells were transfected with lentiviral vectors (LV) in vitro to establish a miR-10b overexpression model, and cell proliferation was evaluated using EdU and CCK-8 assays. Potential target genes of miR-10b were predicted through TargetScan and miRDB databases, and the binding sites within the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) were further analyzed with RNAhybrid 2.2. To verify direct interactions, wild-type (WT) and mutant (MUT) pmirGLO dual-luciferase reporter constructs were generated, followed by dual-luciferase reporter assays and RT-qPCR to confirm the regulatory relationship.Results  Sequencing analysis revealed that miR-10b was significantly upregulated in the mandible co-culture group compared with the tooth germ monoculture group (log2FC=4.82, P<0.05), which was confirmed by RT-qPCR (2.03 ± 0.21 fold increase, P<0.001), suggesting its involvement in tooth development in miniature swine. To investigate the functional effects of miR-10b, it was overexpressed in dental mesenchymal cells, and further verified by RT-qPCR (P<0.01). EdU and CCK-8 assays showed that overexpression of miR-10b significantly inhibited the proliferation of dental mesenchymal cell. Bioinformatic analysis identified wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 9B (Wnt9B) as a potential target gene of miR-10b and showed that specific binding sites were located within the 3'-UTR. Dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated direct interaction and showed that miR－10b mimics significantly decreased luciferase activity in Wnt9B-WT (P<0.01) but did not affect Wnt9B-MUT. Consequently, overexpression of miR-10b markedly downregulated Wnt9B mRNA levels in dental mesenchymal cells (P<0.01).Conclusion  miR-10b can decrease the proliferation activity of dental mesenchymal cells, regulate the homeostasis during early tooth development and maintain the balance of mandible-teeth communication by targeting and inhibiting the expression of Wnt9B in miniature swine. This study provides a new theoretical clue for revealing the molecular mechanisms of tooth development and regeneration strategies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of cryopreservation and thawing on human ovarian tissue Li Yanglu, Ruan Xiangyan, Du Juan, Cheng Jiaojiao, Jin Fengyu, Gu Muqing, Li Yanqiu, Alfred O. Mueck Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 594-600.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.002 Abstract （1193）      PDF（pc） （3810KB）（160）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To evaluate the impact of slow-freezing process on human ovarian tissue with the standard cryopreservation-thawing protocol of Fertility Protection Center of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Methods  Ovarian tissues of 12 patients were divided into fresh ovarian tissue group （fresh group）and freezing-thawing ovarian tissue group (F-T group). The freezing-thawing protocol was the standard protocol in our center. The number and activity of follicle were examined with Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and calcein-AM (calcein acetoxymethylester) staining, and the proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated with the immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67 and caspase-3. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins such as caspase-3, bax and FasL between the two groups were compared with Western blotting. Results  There were no statistically significant differences in follicle counting and follicle activity in ovarian tissues pre- and post- freezing-thawing (P>0.05), and the positive rate of Ki-67 in ovarian tissues after freezing-thawing was significantly lower than that in fresh ovarian tissues (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of caspase-3 between the two groups (P>0.05). The expression of caspase-3 protein in ovarian tissues after freezing-thawing was significantly higher than that in fresh ovarian tissues (P<0.05), while the expressions of other apoptosis-related proteins such as bax and FasL were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusion  The standard cryopreservation-thawing regimen in our center can effectively maintain the follicle number, morphology, and activity in ovarian tissues. After freezing and thawing, the cell proliferation level is decreased. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as bax and FasL are not increased, and the expression of caspase-3 is relatively increased. These results suggest our freezing-thawing regimen is good for human ovarian tissue. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism of neural modulation on the lineage differentiation of cathepsin K-positive cells in mouse alveolar bone development and homeostasis Xu Ruoshi , Peng Zhengying, Wang Yushun, Li Xuan, Pi Huaijin, Yuan Quan Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 977-983.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.004 Abstract （1191）      PDF（pc） （13037KB）（209）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To explorethe cellular differentiation mechanisms, with  Cathepsin K (Ctsk)-positive skeletal stem cells (SSCs) lineage tracing, underlying alveolar bone tissue, periodontal ligament, and dentin development, as well as the regulatory role of peripheral nerves.Methods  Ctsk-Cre;tdTomato;Col2.3-GFP  dual-fluorescence mouse models were generated. Tissues including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, and dental pulp were harvested from neonatal mice for Ctsk-positive lineage tracing and immunofluorescence staining. Futhermore, an inferior alveolar nerve transection model was established to analyze tdTomato+Col2.3-GFP+ double-positive cells.Results  The Ctsk-Cre;tdTomato;Col2.3-GFP fluorescent reporter mouse model was successfully generated. Lineage tracing and immunofluorescence staining in neonatal mice revealed that tdTomato+ cells in the alveolar bone expressed osterix, tdTomato+ cells in the periodontal ligament expressed Periostin, and tdTomato+ cells in the dentin expressed Col2.3-GFP.  Further analysis with the inferior alveolar nerve transection model showed reduced tdTomato+ lineage and decreased numbers of differentiating tdTomato+ Col2.3-GFP+ double-positive cells in denervated mice compared to the nerve-intact group.Conclusions  During the developmental stage of alveolar bone in neonatal mice, Ctsk positive cells participated in the development of bone tissue, periodontal ligament, and dentin, which were regulated by the inferior alveolar nerve. It shed light on injury repair and homeostasis of adulthood skeleton. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between thyroid autoimmunity and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese euthyroid women Zhao Yue, Ruan Xiangyan, Zou Liying, Ma Jun, Wang Yuejiao, Tian Xuanxuan, Jin Jing Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 626-631.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.007 Abstract （1099）      PDF（pc） （482KB）（187）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To explore the correlation between thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese euthyroid women. Methods  A total of 508 euthyroid women were enrolled in the cross-sectional study, who performed their entire clinical/biological workup and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) from the department of Gynecology and Endocrinology of the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2023 to June 2024. At median 8 (6-10) weeks of gestation, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were measured, baseline characteristics were recorded, and an OGTT was performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. According to the OGTT results, they were divided into GDM group (n=169) and non GDM group (n=339). Thyroid parameters, the demographic and obstetric parameters, and the prevalence of TAI were compared with two groups. The factors associated with GDM were analyzed with multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results  The age, body mass index (BMI), and proportion of obese women before pregnancy in the GDM group were all significantly higher than those in the non-GDM group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.001). The proportion of pregnant women over 30 years old in the GDM group was significantly higher than that in the non-GDM group (59.17% vs 6.79%, χ2=168.667, P<0.001). The proportion of obese mothers (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) before pregnancy in the GDM group was 24.26%, which was significantly higher than that in the non-GDM group (8.26%) (χ2=24.599, P<0.001). The incidence of TAI in the GDM group was 54.44%, while it was 15.93% in the non-GDM group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=81.659, P<0.001). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age over 30 years and pre-pregnancy obesity increased the risk of GDM occurrence in TAI women by 6.08 times (OR=6.08, 95% CI 3.61-10.25, P<.001). Conclusion  Among early pregnancy women with normal thyroid function, as age increases during follow-up (especially over 30 years old), pre-pregnancy BMI increases (especially in obese individuals), and those with pre-pregnancy TAI, the risk of developing GDM during pregnancy significantly increases. It is necessary to explore preventive strategies for GDM in euthyroid TAI women, with a view to improving adverse pregnancy outcomes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of individualized lifestyle intervention on sexual function in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Tian Xuanxuan, Ruan Xiangyan, Zhao Yue, Jin Jing, Liu Shunyu, Jiang Lingling Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 614-619.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.005 Abstract （1087）      PDF（pc） （490KB）（379）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the effect of individualized lifestyle intervention on sexual function in obese patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).  Methods The study was conducted on obese patients with PCOS in the Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2022 to December 2023. There were 160 cases in both the experimental group and the control group, progesterone was administered to both groups for 3 months to regulate menstruation. For women in the experimental group received individualized comprehensive lifestyle intervention combining diet, exercise, and behavior modifications, along with dedicated follow-up and weight management. The control group received routine clinical education for lifestyle intervention aimed at weight loss. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) scale were applied to evaluate the sexual function and quality of life. The clinical data that may affect sexual function were collected and sex hormone levels were measured, including anthropometric indicators, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, total testosterone, bioactive testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in serum.  Results After 3 months of intervention, the body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, insulin resistance index, total testosterone, bioactive testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in experimental groups were significantly lower（P<0.05）, and the sex hormone binding globulin level was significantly higher (P<0.001), compared with the control group. SF-12 mental health scores, FSFI total scores, sexual desire, orgasm and sexual satisfaction scores were significantly increased in experimental groups (P<0.05), however, there were no significant differences in SF-12 physical health scores, as well as the scores of sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, and coital pain.  Conclusions Individualized lifestyle intervention can better improve the sexual function and mental health of obese patients with PCOS. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of incisor homeostatic maintenance and injury repair in immunodeficient mice and immunocompetent mice Chang Xu, Zhang Jing, Li Juanjuan, Liu Liangliang, Shi Xuange, Shang Yutong, Wang Fu Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 1011-1018.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.008 Abstract （1062）      PDF（pc） （10705KB）（512）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To evaluate the different responses in immunodeficient mice and immunocompetent mice during incisor homeostasis maintenance and injury repair. Methods  The mice aged 8-10 weeks were used, which include male BALB/c Nude mice (n=10), BALB/c mice (n=10), and C57BL/6J mice (n=10). A mechanical injury model was established in the incisors, and the length of the incisors was measured at a fixed time every day for three consecutive days, and their growth rate was calculated. Comparisons were made between clipped and non-clipped sides, as well as normal controls. Immunological responses were assessed, and histological analyses were conducted to evaluate mineralization in dental hard tissues. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription  polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were employed to detect the expression of immune-related cytokine receptors and to assess stem cell proliferation in the cervical loop. Results  BALB/c Nude mice demonstrated significantly lower incisor growth rates under both homeostatic maintenance and injury conditions compared to BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice (P<0.05), suggesting that immune responses may contribute to incisor regeneration. Growth rates were markedly higher at night than during the day. The injury stimulated an accelerated incisor growth (P<0.05), with increased proliferation of cervical loop stem cells, as indicated by elevated numbers of SOX2+ and Ki-67+ cells (P<0.05). Histological staining revealed reduced mineralization on the clipped side compared to the unclipped and normal control side (P<0.05). Additionally, expression levels of Dspp, Ambn, genes involved in dentin and enamel formation, were significantly upregulated (P<0.05). IF staining showed that the expression of the Th2 cytokine receptor interleukin 4 receptor alpha（IL4rα）was significantly increased on the clipped side, consistent with mRNA expression levels. Conclusion  The incisor injury promotes growth and enhances stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the cervical loop. Early repair is characterized with reduced mineralization of hard tissues. This study suggests that T cell deficiency may affect the homeostatic repair and regeneration ability of incisors, and the high expression of type Ⅱ immune cytokine receptor IL4rα is closely related to the repair process. Further, it is necessary to study the specific functional mechanism to delineates the role of immune participation, thereby providing a novel theoretical framework for clinical regenerative medicine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of ethinyl-estradiol/drospirenone tablets alone or in combination with orlistat on ovulation recovery rate and metabolic indices in overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Jiang Lingling, Ruan Xiangyan, Li Yanqiu, Zhang Mingzhen, Wang Zecheng, Jin Jing, Tian Xuanxuan, Liu Anming, Alfred O. Mueck Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 607-613.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.004 Abstract （1026）      PDF（pc） （496KB）（248）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To compare ovulation recovery rate and metabolic indicators between ethinyl-estradiol/drospirenone (EE/DRSP) combined with orlistat and EE/DRSP alone in overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods  This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted based on the 2004 Rotterdam criteria. From October 2020 to December 2023, 180 overweight/obese PCOS patients aged 20-40 were recruited from the Department of Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. The patients were randomly divided into two groups in a 1∶2 ratio. Among them, 60 patients received treatment with EE/DRSP (EE20 μg,DRSP 3 mg), while 120 patients received a combination treatment of EE/DRSP and orlistat (360 mg/d). The height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure of the patients were measured before treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment. Laboratory tests included measurements of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), fasting insulin（FINS）, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), free androgen index (FAI), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a) ［Lp(a)］, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (T), and free testosterone (FT). After 12 weeks of treatment, the medication was discontinued, and natural ovulation was observed. Results  After 12 weeks of treatment, the ovulation rate of the EE/DRSP combined with orlistat group reached 70.8%, while the natural ovulation rate of the EE/DRSP group alone was only 35%, indicating that the ovulation rate was significantly increased after EE/DRSP combined with orlistat treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, both groups showed a significant decrease in total testosterone, free testosterone, and low-density lipoprotein levels (all P<0.05), and the decrease in BMI, waist circumference, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR in the EE/DRSP combined with orlistat group was greater than that in the EE/DRSP group alone (P<0.05). After treatment, both groups showed a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels (all P<0.05), with no significant changes in total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose (all P>0.05). Conclusion  After 12 weeks of treatment, EE/DRSP combined with orlistat can significantly improve the ovulation rate of PCOS patients. It is superior to EE/DRSP alone in reducing androgen levels, body weight, insulin resistance, and low-density lipoprotein levels.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics of the patients with follicular cysts and menstrual disorders Jin Jing, Ruan Xiangyan, Hua Lin, Cheng Jiaojiao, Zhao Yue, Tian Xuanxuan Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 620-625.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.006 Abstract （977）      PDF（pc） （477KB）（341）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To explore the clinical characteristics of the patients with follicular cysts and menstrual disorders. Methods  A total of 178 women with follicular cysts complicated by menstrual disorders were recruited, who were aged 23-53 (38.62±6.35) years and came to the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between August 2022 and July 2024. The participants were divided into three groups according to the age, with 27 women in the age group of 21-30 years (Group 1), 77 in the age group of 31-40 years (Group 2), and 74 in the age group of>40 years (Group 3). The age and menstruation of these patients were collected, the body height, weight, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (Po), total testosterone (TT), prolactin (PRL), anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and thyroid function ［blood routine and blood clotting for patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) ］were measured, and the diameter of ovarian cyst and the thickness of endometrium were examined. The clinical characteristics of the patients with follicular cysts complicated by menstrual disorders were described and compared with each other among the three age groups. Results  ① Among 178 patients, 61 (34.3%) patients presented with complaints of cessation of regular menstruation or amenorrhea and 117 (65.7%) with complaints of AUB. Out of 178 patients, 13 (7.3%) patients developed anemia due to AUB, and all the patients were treated with medication. ② Follicular cysts disappeared in 1 month for 124 (69.7%) patients, disappeared in 2 months for 176 (98.9%) patients, and disappeared in 3 months for 178 (100%) patients. A total of 177 (99.4%) patients had follicular cysts with a diameter less than 5 cm, and only 1 (0.6%) patient had follicular cysts with a diameter ≥ 5 cm. ③ The overall prevalence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) in patients with follicular cysts complicated by menstrual disorders was 82.0%, and the prevalence of DOR was 70.2% for the patients under 40 years old. The prevalence of DOR in three age groups was 37.0% (10/27), 81.8% (63/77), and 98.6% (73/74), respectively. The prevalence of DOR gradually increased with age. ④ The median AMH values for Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 were 1.55, 0.51, and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. The FSH level in Group 3 was significantly higher than that in Groups 1 and 2 (adjusted P<0.05), while the AMH level was significantly lower than that in Groups 1 and 2 (adjusted P<0.05). The AMH level in Group 2 was lower than that in Group 1 (adjusted P<0.05). Conclusion  Patients with follicular cysts complicated by menstrual disorders are recommended to receive medication treatment, rather than just expecting treatment. The prevalence of DOR in patients with follicular cysts complicated by menstrual disorders is significantly higher than that in normal women, even in women younger than 40 years old. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the ovarian reserve of these patients while treating menstrual disorders, particularly for young women with fertility needs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on oral homeostasis imbalance in microgravity environment Zhang Qi, Wang Xueling, Zhou Jian Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 1026-1032.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.010 Abstract （936）      PDF（pc） （539KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of manned spaceflight technology, the impact of microgravity environment on the oral homeostasis of astronauts in space missions has attracted increasing attention. This article reviewed the latest research progress of microgravity on oral homeostasis imbalance, focusing on the effects of microgravity on maxillofacial soft and hard tissues (alveolar bone, periodontal tissues, salivary glands and masticatory muscles), oral microbiome, and maxillofacial stem cells. Microgravity can lead to alveolar bone resorption, aggravation of periodontitis, alterations in saliva composition and microbiome imbalance, which in turn increases the risk of oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis, but it can promote the proliferation and differentiation of maxillofacial stem cells. Further, this review  outlines prospective research directions of the oral health protection of astronauts. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The current status of bone mineral density and influencing factors in early menopausal women Liu Anming, Ruan Xiangyan, Wang Zecheng, Alfred O. Mueck Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 601-606.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.003 Abstract （923）      PDF（pc） （463KB）（219）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To analyze the current status of bone mineral density (BMD) in women with early menopause and explore the correlations between BMD with age, body mass index (BMI), total body fat mass, spinal fat mass, femoral fat mass, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T). Methods  A total of 106 women with early menopause, who first visited the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2023 to May 2025, were recruited after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The spinal BMD, femoral BMD, total body fat mass, femoral fat mass, and spinal fat mass were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The age, height, and weight of the patients were recorded, and serum levels of FSH, E2, and T were measured. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between spinal and femoral BMD and age, FSH, E2, T, BMI, total body fat content, femoral fat content, and spinal fat content. The patients were divided into three groups based on BMD: normal bone mass, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare BMI, fat content, age, FSH, E2, and T levels among the three groups. Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparisons of significant differences. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors for femoral BMD T-score. Results  Among the 106 patients with early menopause, 30 (28.3%) had normal bone mass, 64 (60.4%) had osteopenia, and 12 (11.3%) had osteoporosis, with an average age of (43.99±0.16) years. Femoral BMD was positively correlated with BMI，total body fat mass，and spinal fat mass (all P<0.05). No significant differences were found in femoral fat mass, age, FSH, and T levels among the different bone mass groups, but, BMI, total body fat mass, spinal fat mass, and E2 were significantly different (P<0.05). BMI, total body fat mass, spinal fat mass and E2 were significantly higher in the normal bone mass group compared to the osteopenia group (P<0.05). The BMI of the normal bone mass group was significantly higher than that of the osteoporosis group (P<0.05).  Multiple linear regression analysis showed that FSH were influencing factors for femoral BMD T-scores (P<0.05).Conclusion  The osteoporosis is more prevalent in women with early menopause. Femoral BMD is positively correlated with BMI ,total body fat mass and spinal fat content. Elevated FSH is a risk factor for reduced femoral BMD T-score. Attention should be paid to the risk of osteoporosis in women with early menopause, and individualized treatment plans should be developed to reduce the prevalence of osteoporosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progresses in the application of autologous platelet-rich concentrate in female fertility remodeling Cheng Jiaojiao, Ruan Xiangyan, Du Juan, Jin Fengyu, Gu Muqing, Li Yanglu Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 637-643.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.009 Abstract （810）      PDF（pc） （488KB）（278）       Knowledge map    Save Female infertility is recognized as a global public health issue by the World Health Organization. Female fertility remodeling includes ovarian function reconstruction and uterus/endometrium reconstruction, etc. It is emerging as a hot technology since it is ready to prepare autologous platelet-rich concentrate and it is safer and more acceptable in autologous application. It plays an important role in regenerative medicine, and it is currently widely applied in maxillofacial and plastic surgery, dermatology and other clinical practices. This article mainly reviews the progresses of the application of autologous platelet-rich concentrate in female fertility remodeling. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical efficacy of letrozole combined with Zi Gui Nv Zhen Capsules in patients with PCOS complicated by thin endometrium-induced infertility Ma Jun, Ruan Xiangyan, Xu Zhongting , Zhao Yue , Wang Yuejiao, Alfred O.Mueck, Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 632-636.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.008 Abstract （800）      PDF（pc） （476KB）（377）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To investigate the curative effect of letrozole combined with Zi Gui Nv Zhen Capsules on patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) complicated by thin endometrial infertility. Methods  140 patients with PCOS who met the diagnosis of endometrial thin infertility (endometrial thickness<0.8 cm and no pregnancy for 1 year without contraception) were recruited and randomly assigned to the control group and the experimental group for 3 cycles of treatment. The control group was given letrozole 2.5 mg/d on the 3rd day of menstruation, estradiol valerate 2 mg/d on the 8-10th day of menstruation, and dydrogesterone 10 mg/d in sequence. The experimental group was treated with Zi Gui Nv Zhen Capsules on the basis of the control group. During 3 cycles of treatment, endometrial thickness (EMT), ovulation rate and cumulative pregnancy rate on the day of ovulation were examined.Results  The EMT of the experiment group was significantly higher than that of the control group on the ovulation day of three cycles ［(0.86±0.23) cm vs (0.71±0.15) cm；(0.83±0.26) cm vs (0.68±0.19)cm; (0.87±0.26) cm vs (0.71± 0.11) cm］, the cumulative pregnancy rate of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group (44.3% vs 25.7%). There was no significant difference in ovulation rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion  Our findings demonstrate that the combined use of Zi Gui Nv Zhen Capsule with basic conventional therapy significantly enhances endometrial thickness and improves pregnancy rates in PCOS patients with thin endometrium. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk factors and prognostic implications of acute myocardial infarction complicated with pericardial effusion Chen Lu, Jiang Xue, Guo Xinying, Liu Jian, Guo Caixia Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 1033-1043.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.011 Abstract （711）      PDF（pc） （605KB）（222）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with pericardial effusion. Methods  This study was a retrospective nested case-control study. Patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted from January 2016 to December 2024 were selected. Patients with concurrent pericardial effusion were assigned to the case group (n=348) and those without pericardial effusion based on age- and gender-matched were assigned to the control group (n=348) at a 1:1 ratio. Clinical data, such as basic information, comorbidities, auxiliary examinations, and prognosis information, were collected and compared between the two groups. A subgroup analysis was conducted within the case group, dividing patients into non-death group (n=280) and death group (n=68) based on survival, and their clinical data were analyzed and compared. Results  During the study period, 6 169 patients were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, of which 370 cases were complicated with mild, moderate, and massive pericardial effusion, with a crude incidence rate of 6.00%. A total of 348 patients with pericardial effusion were successfully matched in the case group, while 348 patients without pericardial effusion were in the control group. Compared with the control group, the proportion of pre-hospital cardiogenic shock, admission heart rate, Killip cardiac function grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ proportions, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), D-dimer, creatinine, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), ventricular aneurysm formation, intraoperative thrombotic shadow,  thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) score, and GRACE score were recorded, CRUSADE score, Gensini score and SYNTAX score were higher; and the diastolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the proportion of complete coronary angiography during hospitalization were lower (P<0.05). Multifactorial analysis indicates that increased BNP (OR=1.000, P=0.003), decreased albumin levels (OR=0.921, P=0.001), increased creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) peak (OR=1.002, P<0.001), increased hsCRP (OR=1.008, P=0.013), increased LVEDd (OR=2.346, P<0.001), ventricular aneurysm formation (OR=3.004, P=0.006), and atrial fibrillation occurring during hospitalization (OR=2.240, P=0.007) are associated indicators of acute myocardial infarction complicated with pericardial effusion. Compared with the control group, the length of stay, proportion of atrial fibrillation occurring during hospitalization, proportion of abnormal liver function, proportion of abnormal renal function, and proportion of death were higher in the case group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that compared with the non-death group, the age of the patients in the death group, proportion of Killip cardiac function grade Ⅳ, creatinine, BNP, D-dimer, TIMI score, GRACE score, CRUSADE score, SYNTAX score, abnormal renal function, cardiac rupture ratio, atrial fibrillation during hospitalization, malignant ventricular arrhythmia during hospitalization were higher; height, body weight, body mass index, admission diastolic blood pressure, albumin, and eGFR were lower, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Multifactorial analysis indicates that low weight (OR=0.947, P<0.001), increased creatinine (OR=1.005, P=0.008), atrial fibrillation episodes during hospitalization (OR=3.063, P=0.003), malignant ventricular arrhythmias during hospitalization (OR=3.321, P=0.003), and increased GRACE score (OR=1.028, P<0.001) are associated indicators of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with pericardial effusion. Conclusions  Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction complicated with pericardial effusion include large myocardial infarction, poor heart function, and ventricular aneurysm formation. Low body weight, poor renal function, atrial fibrillation episodes, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias during hospitalization are associated with death in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by pericardial effusion, and it should be of particular concern in these patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The role and mechanism of SOX4 in Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastric mucosal epithelial dysplasia Du Feng, Xu Rui, Zhao Mengran, Ji Xu, Su Jiayi, Qiu Yuting, Zhu Shengtao, Wu Jing, Li Peng, Zhang Shutian Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 644-653.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.010 Abstract （692）      PDF（pc） （11159KB）（141）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of SOX4 in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-mediated gastric mucosal epithelial dysplasia.Methods  The expression of SOX4 in gastric tissues and cells was analyzed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. The effects of SOX4 on gastric epithelial cell proliferation and colony formation were determined with CCK-8 and colony formation assays. A PCR array was used to screen downstream target genes involved in H. pylori-induced dysplasia mediated by SOX4. The transcriptional regulation and binding sites of the target gene MLH3 by SOX4 were elucidated with luciferase reporter assay, promoter truncation assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP).Results  SOX4 expression was significantly increased in H. pylori-infected gastric tissues (P<0.05). Overexpression of SOX4 markedly enhanced the proliferation and colony formation abilities of normal gastric epithelial cells (P<0.05). Elevated SOX4 led to the dysregulation of MLH3 and other DNA damage repair-related molecules after H. pylori infection in gastric epithelial cells (|logFC|>1, P<0.05). H. pylori promoted MLH3 expression in gastric epithelial cells through SOX4. SOX4 transcriptionally activated MLH3 expression by binding to the 5th site of the MLH3 promoter. The increased expression of SOX4 and MLH3 is associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients.Conclusion  SOX4 is closely associated with H. pylori-induced dysplasia in gastric epithelial cells. Upregulation of SOX4 promotes H. pylori-related dysplasia by transcriptionally activating MLH3, leading to the imbalance of proliferation and colony formation in gastric epithelial cells. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography analysis of temporomandibular joint steady-state reconstruction following twin-block appliance-induced mandibular advancement Che Chengna, Liu Guanyi, Li Deshui, Ren Huiying, Yu Jingyi, Wei Fulan Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 1019-1025.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.009 Abstract （677）      PDF（pc） （1939KB）（713）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the three-dimensional(3D) changes of the morphology and structure of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ）after the establishment of a new steady-state through Twin-Block-induced mandibular advancement with 3D reconstruction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods  Fifteen adolescent patients treated with Twin-Block appliances at the Department of Orthodontics, Shandong University School of Stomatology from June 2023 to July 2025 were selected. Pre- and post-treatment CBCT images were collected. Mimics 21.0 software was utilized for 3D reconstruction of the TMJs. Landmark identification and data measurement of condylar morphology and joint space were performed on the 3D models. Statistical analysis of pre- and post-treatment measurements was conducted. Results  Compared with pre-treatment values, significant increases were observed in post-treatment condylar mediolateral dimension, anteroposterior dimension, height, surface area, total volume, and head volume  (P<0.05). The superior joint space was significantly widened (P<0.05), and positional changes of the condyle were detected. Conclusion  Twin-Block mandibular advancement therapy induced adaptive growth remodeling of the condyle, characterized with increased height, volume and surface area, along with anterior and inferior displacement of the condyle relative to the glenoid fossa. The temporomandibular joint achieved a balanced state of structural and functional coordination at the new leading position. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on risk factors of adverse events after non-sedated esophagogastroduo-denoscopy Yang Shuyue, Liu Sifan, Ji Xu, Zhao Mengran, Zhang Zheng, Li Peng Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 676-681.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.014 Abstract （626）      PDF（pc） （473KB）（340）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To investigate the risk factor for adverse events(AEs) after non-sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Methods  The data on clinical manifestations, adverse events after non-sedated EGD and common risk factors were collected and retrospectively analyzed with statistical methods in patients who underwent non-sedated EGD from May 2018 to June 2019. These patients were divided into AEs group and non-AEs group. Results  Of 2 384 patients, 57.67%(1 375/2 384) presented with nausea, 12.79%(305/2 384) vomiting,  and 5.79%(138/2 384) presented with pharyngalgia. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed. Advanced age(≥65 years old) (OR=0.683, 95%CI:0.506-0.921) was protective factors for nausea after non-sedated EGD. Hypertension (OR=1.361,95%CI:1.026-1.806), overweight (OR=1.399,95%CI:1.154-1.695), obesity(OR=2.594,95% CI:1.760-3.823) and inspection duration ＞15 min (OR=3.107, 95%CI:2.296-4.206) were independent risk factors for nausea after non-sedated EGD. Advanced age (OR=0.393, 95%CI: 0.221-0.699) and imported equipment (OR=0.697, 95%CI:0.546-0.890) were protective factors for vomiting after non-sedated EGD. Moreover, inspection duration ＞15 min (OR=1.641, 95%CI:1.008-2.699) was independent risk factors for vomiting after non-sedated EGD. There was no difference in success rate of non-sedated EGD between two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion  Hypertension, overweight and obesity were independent risk factors for nausea after non-sedated EGD. The advanced age and imported equipment were protective factors for vomiting after non-sedated EGD. In addition, inspection duration over 15 min is a risk factor for AEs such as nausea and vomiting after nonsedative EGD. Whether AEs occurred or not is non-related to success rate of non-sedated EGD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomarker potential and regulatory mechanisms of sRAGE in cardiovascular diseases Shen Xueqian, Jiang Xue, Guo Caixia Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 1082-1092.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.016 Abstract （610）      PDF（pc） （3039KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Save Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, involving complex metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms. Recent studies have highlighted the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), their receptor RAGE, and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) in CVD progression. AGEs activate inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways through RAGE, promoting pathological processes like atherosclerosis, while sRAGE acts as a “decoy” receptor, neutralizing AGEs and mitigating RAGE activation. Evidence suggests that sRAGE levels dynamically change in conditions such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and heart failure, indicating its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical applications of sRAGE, offering new perspectives for CVD prediction, evaluation, and treatment.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of CaSR in Gli1+ skeletal stem cells in the regulation of mandibular homeostasis Wei Yali, Lyu Ping, Li Zucen, Zhang Qi, Chen Xinyu, Xu Ruoshi, Yuan Quan, Zhou Chenchen, Fan Yi Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 984-991.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.005 Abstract （591）      PDF（pc） （12652KB）（182）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To investigate the role of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1）+ skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in mandibular bone homeostasis.Methods  Gli1CreER;CaSRfl/fl;Rosa26Ai14 and Gli1CreER;CaSRfl/+;Rosa26Ai14 mice were generated. Tamoxifen was  intraperitoneally administered to 3-week-old male mice, and the mandibles were harvested 6 weeks after induction. Micro-computed tomography was used to analyze the alveolar bone at the root bifurcation region of the first mandibular molar. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to  analyze the changes of mandibles and periodontal tissue. Immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the changes in bone formation and bone resorption activities.Results  Gli1+ SSCs-specific CaSR knockout mice were successfully generated. Compared to controls, Gli1CreER;CaSRfl/fl;Rosa26Ai14 mice exhibited a significant increase in alveolar bone mass, characterized by higher bone volume fraction, increased trabecular thickness, and decreased trabecular separation. HE staining showed a denser bone microarchitecture in the mutant mice, accompanied by elevated expression of COL1 and OSX while the number of TRAP+ osteoclasts was significantly decreased. Notably, the structure and organization of periodontal ligament fibers remained comparable.Conclusions  Targeted ablation of CaSR in Gli1+ SSCs promoted alveolar bone formation by enhancing osteogenic activity of Gli1+ SSCs while suppressing osteoclastic function. These findings underscore a pivotal role for CaSR in modulating SSCs function during mandibular homeostasis and reveal its potential as a therapeutic target for craniofacial bone regeneration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The association between the inflammatory cytokine levels and occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction Wu Zhenyan, Jiang Xue, Guo Xinying, Zhang Jie, Liu Jian, Guo Caixia Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 1055-1064.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.013 Abstract （577）      PDF（pc） （1338KB）（194）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To investigate the associated between the inflammatory cytokine levels and occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in hospitalized patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 245 STEMI patients admitted to the Cardiovascular Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between April 2022 and April 2023. Patients were divided into the MACEs group (n=48) and the Non-MACEs group (n=197) based on whether they experienced in-hospital MACEs. Clinical characteristics and inflammatory cytokine levels were compared between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for MACEs, and the predictive value of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results  Compared with the Non-MACEs group, the MACEs group showed significantly higher levels of IL-1β ［2.44 （0.21, 7.11） vs 0.35 （0.00, 4.17）, P<0.01］, IL-2 ［4.09 （1.99, 13.58）  vs  1.29 （0.71, 2.09）, P<0.01］, IL-6 ［55.06 （13.27, 119.28）  vs  18.86 （8.81, 37.10）, P<0.01］, and IL-8 ［6.90 （2.32, 15.05）  vs  1.74 （0.15, 6.27）, P<0.01］. Multivariable analysis revealed that IL-2 (OR=1.218, 95% CI: 1.104－1.344, P<0.001) and IL-6 (OR=1.003, 95% CI: 1.000－1.006, P=0.026) were independent predictive factors for in-hospital MACEs. Additionally, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum potassium levels, and CK-MB were significantly associated with MACEs risk (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that IL-2 combined with clinical features had an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.890 (95% CI: 0.840–0.940, P<0.001), while IL-6 combined with clinical features had an AUROC of 0.833 (95% CI: 0.766－0.900, P<0.001), both indicating good predictive performance.Conclusion  The occurrence of in-hospital MACEs in STEMI patients is significantly associated with elevated levels of IL-2 and IL-6, along with the influence of serum potassium levels, LVEF, and CK-MB. The combination of IL-2 and IL-6 with clinical characteristics can effectively predict the risk of MACEs, providing an important reference for early risk stratification. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics