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Brief report on stroke prevention and treatment in China,2024 Stroke Prevention Project, National Health Commission, Ji Xunming Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (6): 947-960.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.001 Abstract （2076）      PDF（pc） （5215KB）（1133）       Knowledge map    Save lthough China has a slight decline in stroke incidence in recent years, it still seems to be the leading health threat to Chinese citizens. China continues to bear a heavy stroke burden which has distinct epidemiological characteristics, while major risk factors remain prevalent and poorly controlled. Markedly, the government is putting effort into advancing the stroke prevention and treatment system, meanwhile, continuously funding cerebrovascular disease research, and driving steady improvements in diagnosis and treatment capabilities. However,  stroke prevention and control work in China still faces considerable challenges. This report systematically reviews the current state of stroke prevention and treatment in China during 2023 from five perspectives: epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic and therapeutic advances, prevention system development and stroke center construction, aiming to provide references for clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the application of antiplatelet therapy in intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke patients Zi Xiaohui, Xia Xue, Li jing, Zhang Xiaoli, Zhou Quan, Wang Anxin, Wang Yilong Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (2): 234-242.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.02.009 Abstract （1760）      PDF（pc） （553KB）（47）       Knowledge map    Save Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with high mortality and disability rates, presenting a substantial challenge to global public health challenge. Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is recognized as a cornerstone of early AIS treatment and is recommended as the standard therapeutic approach by both national and international guidelines. However, the clinical efficacy of IVT remains suboptimal due to several limitations, including a narrow therapeutic time window and the inevitable activation of the coagulation system and platelet aggregagation during thrombolysis. These factors may contribute to adverse outcomes such as early neurological deterioration (END) and vascular re-occlusion. Antiplatelet therapy (APT), which inhibits platelet aggregations, reduces microthrombus formation, and stabilizes the vascular endothelium with multifaceted mechanisms, has emerged as a promising adjunctive strategy to IVT, offering potential synergistic effects. This review summarized the latest evidence from both domestic and international studies, focusing on the mechanisms of APT, recent clinical advancements in IVT combined with APT, and the safety and efficacy of APT administration at different time windows relative to IVT. Emphasis is placed on the influence of various antiplatelet agents, dosing regimens, and initiation timing on therapeutic outcomes, alongside a comprehensive evaluation in the context of current guideline recommendations and clinical practice. Current guidelines recommend initiating APT 24 h after IVT, following imaging confirmation to exclude the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. However, the efficacy and safety of earlier APT initiation remain inconclusive. Individualized treatment strategies, such as early administration of low-dose, short-acting APT or combination therapy in specific patient subgroups, may effectively balance therapeutic benefits and risks. The adjunctive use of APT in IVT holds promise for enhancing efficacy and improving clinical outcomes, but precise stratification of safety and efficacy is essential. Future research should focus on optimizing combination IVT and APT strategies through individualized patient profiling, appropriate drug selection, and dynamic imaging monitoring to achieve precision management in AIS treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Statistical methods and application cases examples for multiplicity issues in multiple endpoints clinical trials Bai Xiudan, Xu Qin, Wang Anxin Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (2): 184-190.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.02.002 Abstract （1726）      PDF（pc） （1550KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Save Performing multiple tests without adjusting the test level results in a higher-than-intended overall familywise error rate (FWER). This phenomenon is known as the multiplicity problem. In this paper, we  first introduced the mechanism of multiplicity problem based on the classification and characterization of clinical endpoints. Then,  strategies and methods to solve the multiplicity problem were introduced, including the parallel strategy/single-step method, the sequential strategy/multistep method/stepwise method, and their combinations. The results of different analytic strategies may vary. The practical application of the above common strategies and statistical methods were introduced through the case studies of domestic and foreign investigator initiated clinical trial. Multiplicity adjustment for multiple endpoints in clinical trials can be achieved by a single strategy or a combination of strategies. Depending on the selected strategy or combination, the statistical  methods and significance level (denoted as α) for each test hypothesis are determined to effectively control the multiplicity problem. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of large artery atherosclerosis subtype on the efficacy of Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine in acute ischemic stroke Jing Jiao, Zhang Siyao, Liu Yanling, Wang Fen, Xiao Wei, Wang Zhenzhong Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (2): 228-233.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.02.008 Abstract （1545）      PDF（pc） （1286KB）（33）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To investigate the effect of large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and non-LAA subtypes on the efficacy of Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine (GDLM) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods  This was a post-hoc analysis of multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and  parallel-group trial. A total of 3 448 patients who had acute ischemic stroke were randomly assigned in a 1∶1 ratio  to receive the injection of GDLM or the placebo once day within 48 h after symptoms and continued for 14 d. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0 or 1 on day 90 after randomization. Results  A total of 3 448 patients were enrolled, with 1 604 (46.52%) patients with non-LAA and 1 844 (53.48%) with LAA. Compared to the placebo treatment. GDLM  injection effectively improve the functional prognosis, with a higher proportion of mRS score of 0-1 in both non-LAA (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.02-1.51; P=0.03) and LAA (OR=1.37, 95% CI:1.14-1.65; P<0.001) group. There was no significant interaction between LAA subtypes with treatment (P=0.48 for interaction). Conclusion  Among patients with acute ischemic stroke  in this randomized clinical trial, GDLM might improve the  favorable clinical outcomes at 90 d compared with placebo, regardless of LAA subtypes. Nevertheless, it is necessary to confirm the findings  in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transition of body mass index and metabolic syndrome in patients with major depressive disorder Qi Han, Dong Chengcheng, Liu Rui, Zhu Xuequan, Lin Xuzhou, Qin Yanshu, Yu Zibo, Wang Haining, Li Lei, Feng Yuan, Zhang Ling, Yan Fang Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (2): 202-209.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.02.005 Abstract （1525）      PDF（pc） （1780KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To evaluate the transition rules of   normal body mass index (BMI), overweight and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods  Patients with MDD who had multiple admission records between Jan 2016 and Nov 2021 in Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University were included. Based on the overweight and metabolic syndrome status assessed at each admission, the patients were categorized into three states: normal BMI, overweight and metabolic syndrome. A multi-state Markov model was used to analyze the transition intensity and transition frequency between three states and the influence of covariates on transitions. Results  A total of 892 records of 398 subjects were included, with a median age of 56 years old and 31.4% males. The median follow-up period was 40 months. The multi-state model showed that there were 494 transitions between the three states, of which 5.1% moved from normal BMI to overweight and 5.5% moved from overweight to MetS. The intensity of transition was the highest from overweight to MetS, 9.52 times greater than overweight to normal BMI. After 48.53 months, MDD patients with normal BMI began to transition to MetS. For overweight MDD patients, the transition to MetS started after 8.77 months. MDD patients with normal BMI or overweight had 31.4% and 50.4% probabilities of developing Mets after 36 months. For MDD patients comorbid with MetS, the probability of staying at MetS was 51.2% after 36 months. Multivariate analysis showed that being unmarried was a risk factor against developing overweight in normal BMI MDD patients, while  a higher level of education was a protective factor against developing MetS in overweight MDD patients. Conclusion  MDD patients exhibited a higher intensity and risk of developing MetS, and it is not easy to reverse MetS, suggesting that BMI management and MetS intervention should be strengthened in MDD patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the prognostic value of 15 nutritional/inflammatory indicators in postoperative cancer patients Liu Xiaoqian, Sun Kai, Wang Xiaolin, Zhao Qianqian, Wu Xiaoxiao, Shen Fangqi, Chen Xi, Tian Chenxu, Wu Di, Song Chunhua, Xu HongXia, Cong Minghua, Shi Hanping, Jia Pingping Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (3): 410-419.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.003 Abstract （1427）      PDF（pc） （6110KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To explore and identify the nutritional/inflammatory indicator with the highest predictive potential for overall survival (OS) in postoperative tumor patients so as to provide guidance for postoperative rehabilitation of tumor patients. Methods  Data from 3 191 surgical patients were collected, including 15 nutritional/inflammatory indicators. The maximum selection rank statistic method was used to calculate the optimal cut-off values for continuous indicators. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess OS, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the association between the aforementioned 15 indicators and survival. The predictive value of these 15 indicators was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and C-index. Results  Multivariate analysis showed that all 15 indicators were significantly associated with poorer OS in surgical patients (P<0.05 for all). Time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) and C-index analysis indicated that 3 indicators with the highest predictive potential in OS in postoperative tumor patients were the nutritional risk index (NRI) (C-index: 0.597), C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) (C-index: 0.587), and C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR) (C-index: 0.587). The optimal cut-off value for NRI was determined to be 104.31 (i.e., NRI<104.31 suggests malnutrition) with the maximum selection rank statistic method, the optimal cut-off value for CAR to be 0.05 (i.e., CAR≥0.05 suggests a strong inflammatory response, often accompanied by malnutrition), and the optimal cut-off value for CLR to be 1.18 (i.e., CLR≥1.18 suggests a strong inflammatory response). Subgroup analysis indicated that NRI, CAR, and CLR had good correlation with tumor staging, and there were significant differences between tumor node metastasis (TNM) Ⅲ/Ⅳ stage patients and TNM Ⅰ/Ⅱ stage patients when there was a strong inflammatory response or malnutrition. Conclusion In postoperative tumor patients, NRI, CLR, and CAR have high prognostic value. Combining  these with the patient's clinical stage, it enables more precise guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of CD38 expression of tumor-infiltrating immune cells on the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis Shi Feng, ZhaoYanjie, Gao Ying, Song Qingkun Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (2): 210-215.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.02.006 Abstract （1405）      PDF（pc） （3878KB）（141）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To investigate the prognostic effect of CD38 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients (ESCC). Methods  A retrospective cohort study with 142 ESCC patients was performed. The clinicopathological features and expression of CD38, CD4, CD8, Ki-67, programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) and programmed cell death 1(PD-1) in tumor and immune cells were evaluated. Results  Among ESCC patients with lymph node metastasis, the expression of CD38 had a significant association with the overall survival (P=0.037). The median overall survival was 14 months and 38 months among patients with low and high expression of CD38, respectively. The crude and adjusted hazard ratio of high CD38 expression was 0.46 (95%CI： 0.21-0.98) and 0.32 (95%CI： 0.13-0.76) respectively. The expression of CD38 had a negative correlation with PD-L1 expressed in tumor cells. Conclusion  The high expression of CD38 was associated with a better survival for ESCC with lymph node metastasis.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The progress in the role and application of neutrophils in glioma Jiang Haiping, Yin Shuo, Li Shenglan, Li Wenbin Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (3): 448-454.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.008 Abstract （1357）      PDF（pc） （482KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the human body and play different roles in various diseases. The studies have shown that inflammation is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. As an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), neutrophils play a crucial role in tumors and have a dual effect of promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. This article  deeply discusses the recruitment and subtypes of neutrophils, as well  their dual effects on tumors. Meanwhile,  it  illustrates   the role and clinical significance of neutrophils in gliomas. The therapeutic approach of targeting neutrophils in tumors provides a new direction for subsequent tumor treatment. Especially for central nervous system tumors, neutrophils as carriers can transport chemotherapeutic drugs across the blood-brain barrier to reach the tumor tissue, offering new hope for the subsequent treatment of brain tumors.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the win ratio method to clinical trials in cerebrovascular disease Tian Ruobing, Xu Qin, Zhou Quan, Tian Xue, Li Xinya, Zheng Manqi, Wang Anxin Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (2): 191-196.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.02.003 Abstract （1333）      PDF（pc） （1777KB）（122）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To introduce the concepts and principles of the win ratio method and to analyze it in the context of a case study of a clinical trial in cerebrovascular disease. Methods  Based on the study of clopidogrel with aspirin in high risk patients with acute non disabling cerebrovascular events 2, and key prognostic factors, the outcome events were defined sequentially as ① time to death within 90 d, ② time to recurrence of ischemic stroke within 90 d, ③ time to moderate-to-severe hemorrhage within 90 d. Using clopidogrel combined with aspirin as the reference group, the winning ratio (Rw) of ticagrelor combined with aspirin was analyzed by the win ratio method, and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of Rw was estimated by the Bootstrap method and compared with the hazard ratio (HR) calculated by the competing risk model. Results  When only fatal events were considered, the win ratio method suggested that the ticagrelor group was significantly better than the clopidogrel group, Rw=2.00 (95%CI:1.52-2.47), and after stepwise inclusion of  ischemic stroke and moderate-to-severe hemorrhage recurrence, the win ratio method yielded a value of 1.29(95% CI:1.25-1.57), and the HR value from Fine and Gray competing risk regression was 0.78 (95% CI:0.65-0.95), both of which indicated that the efficacy of the ticagrelor group was superior to that of the clopidogrel group. Conclusion  The win ratio method can be used to analyze clinical trials with composite endpoints after prioritizing multiple outcome variables, showing the advantages of win ratio and its promising application in cerebrovascular disease research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Abnormal O-glycosylation mediated by the deficiency of molecular chaperone Cosmc or T-synthase  regulates the expression of miRNAs in colorectal cancer exosomes Gao Tianbo, Ge Yang, An Guangyu, Yao Jiannan, Jiang Yuliang, Liu Heshu, Yan Rui Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (3): 401-409.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.002 Abstract （1307）      PDF（pc） （5271KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To explore the effects of aberrant O-glycosylation modifications induced by the knockout of Cosmc or T-synthase genes on the expression profiles of miRNAs in exosomes derived from colorectal cancer cells and to reveal  the molecular mechanisms of O-glycosylation in the development of colorectal cancer and  identify potential biomarkers  for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods This research specifically targets the Cosmc or T-synthase genes in the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 to create stable cell lines exhibiting abnormal O-glycosylation with CRISPR/Cas-9 gene editing technology. Exosomes originating from these colorectal cancer cells were isolated and authenticated. A microarray chip equipped with primer sequences for 16 miRNAs closely associated with colorectal cancer was employed to assess the differential expression of miRNAs within these exosomes with fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And then, a cohort of miRNAs that exhibited significant and consistent changes in expression levels across the exosomes from both cell lines was selected. These miRNAs were further validated independently with traditional fluorescent quantitative PCR. Subsequently, data from  The Cancer Genome Atlas Program（TCGA） database containing patient information on colorectal cancer was harnessed. Employing R programming language, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted on the upregulated miRNA to investigate the downstream pathways significantly impacted and the malignant biological behaviors they may influence. Results  The absence of either Cosmc or T-synthase genes results in the dysregulation of O-glycosylation in colorectal cancer cells, leading to the exposure of Tn antigens. This, in turn, affects the expression levels of specific miRNAs in exosomes derived from these cells. Specifically, the expression of hsa-miR-125b-1-3p was downregulated, while that of hsa-miR-218-5p was upregulated. Notably, hsa-miR-218-5p were found to be closely associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in tumor cells, which is a key mechanism in cancer progression. Conclusion  It elucidates that the aberrant O-glycosylation mediated by the knockout of Cosmc or T-synthase genes significantly influences the expression of certain miRNAs in exosomes from colorectal cancer cells, potentially affect the EMT process in colorectal cancer and thereby promoting distant metastasis. Given the inherent stability and detectability advantages of colorectal cancer-derived exosomes, the altered expression levels of miRNAs within these exosomes may serve as indicators of the stated of abnormal O-glycosylation  in colorectal cancer. These findings suggest that exosomal miRNAs have potential as biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, this could pave the way for more personalized diagnostic and treatment strategies tailored to individual colorectal cancer patients, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of clinical management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of cryopreservation and thawing on human ovarian tissue Li Yanglu, Ruan Xiangyan, Du Juan, Cheng Jiaojiao, Jin Fengyu, Gu Muqing, Li Yanqiu, Alfred O. Mueck Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 594-600.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.002 Abstract （1149）      PDF（pc） （3810KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To evaluate the impact of slow-freezing process on human ovarian tissue with the standard cryopreservation-thawing protocol of Fertility Protection Center of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Methods  Ovarian tissues of 12 patients were divided into fresh ovarian tissue group （fresh group）and freezing-thawing ovarian tissue group (F-T group). The freezing-thawing protocol was the standard protocol in our center. The number and activity of follicle were examined with Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and calcein-AM (calcein acetoxymethylester) staining, and the proliferation and apoptosis was evaluated with the immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67 and caspase-3. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins such as caspase-3, bax and FasL between the two groups were compared with Western blotting. Results  There were no statistically significant differences in follicle counting and follicle activity in ovarian tissues pre- and post- freezing-thawing (P>0.05), and the positive rate of Ki-67 in ovarian tissues after freezing-thawing was significantly lower than that in fresh ovarian tissues (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of caspase-3 between the two groups (P>0.05). The expression of caspase-3 protein in ovarian tissues after freezing-thawing was significantly higher than that in fresh ovarian tissues (P<0.05), while the expressions of other apoptosis-related proteins such as bax and FasL were not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusion  The standard cryopreservation-thawing regimen in our center can effectively maintain the follicle number, morphology, and activity in ovarian tissues. After freezing and thawing, the cell proliferation level is decreased. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as bax and FasL are not increased, and the expression of caspase-3 is relatively increased. These results suggest our freezing-thawing regimen is good for human ovarian tissue. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the role of STAT3 in tumor immunology Zhang Wenxiu, Xiong Yang, Yu Minghang, Wang Xi Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (3): 442-447.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.007 Abstract （1108）      PDF（pc） （461KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Save Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are nuclear transcription factors that regulates expression of genes that  are involved in cell cycle, cell survival, and cancer-related immune response. Activated STAT3 may participate in oncogenesis by stimulating cell proliferation, resisting apoptosis and promoting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, abnormal activation of STAT3 is associated with poor tumor prognosis. Recent advances have revealed a crucial role of persistent activation of STAT3 in cancer progression and immune escape. STAT3 is also an important driver of mediated immune escape in tumor immunity, so it has become an effective target in immunotherapy. Therefore, STAT3 became frequently studied targets for more specific cancer immunotherapies. This article elaborated the multiple functions of STAT3 in innate immunity, adaptive immunity and tumor immunity.  Further, it put forward to the prospects and issues that urgently need to be addressed in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between thyroid autoimmunity and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese euthyroid women Zhao Yue, Ruan Xiangyan, Zou Liying, Ma Jun, Wang Yuejiao, Tian Xuanxuan, Jin Jing Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 626-631.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.007 Abstract （1049）      PDF（pc） （482KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To explore the correlation between thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese euthyroid women. Methods  A total of 508 euthyroid women were enrolled in the cross-sectional study, who performed their entire clinical/biological workup and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) from the department of Gynecology and Endocrinology of the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2023 to June 2024. At median 8 (6-10) weeks of gestation, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were measured, baseline characteristics were recorded, and an OGTT was performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. According to the OGTT results, they were divided into GDM group (n=169) and non GDM group (n=339). Thyroid parameters, the demographic and obstetric parameters, and the prevalence of TAI were compared with two groups. The factors associated with GDM were analyzed with multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results  The age, body mass index (BMI), and proportion of obese women before pregnancy in the GDM group were all significantly higher than those in the non-GDM group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.001). The proportion of pregnant women over 30 years old in the GDM group was significantly higher than that in the non-GDM group (59.17% vs 6.79%, χ2=168.667, P<0.001). The proportion of obese mothers (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) before pregnancy in the GDM group was 24.26%, which was significantly higher than that in the non-GDM group (8.26%) (χ2=24.599, P<0.001). The incidence of TAI in the GDM group was 54.44%, while it was 15.93% in the non-GDM group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=81.659, P<0.001). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age over 30 years and pre-pregnancy obesity increased the risk of GDM occurrence in TAI women by 6.08 times (OR=6.08, 95% CI 3.61-10.25, P<.001). Conclusion  Among early pregnancy women with normal thyroid function, as age increases during follow-up (especially over 30 years old), pre-pregnancy BMI increases (especially in obese individuals), and those with pre-pregnancy TAI, the risk of developing GDM during pregnancy significantly increases. It is necessary to explore preventive strategies for GDM in euthyroid TAI women, with a view to improving adverse pregnancy outcomes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of individualized lifestyle intervention on sexual function in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Tian Xuanxuan, Ruan Xiangyan, Zhao Yue, Jin Jing, Liu Shunyu, Jiang Lingling Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 614-619.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.005 Abstract （1037）      PDF（pc） （490KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the effect of individualized lifestyle intervention on sexual function in obese patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).  Methods The study was conducted on obese patients with PCOS in the Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2022 to December 2023. There were 160 cases in both the experimental group and the control group, progesterone was administered to both groups for 3 months to regulate menstruation. For women in the experimental group received individualized comprehensive lifestyle intervention combining diet, exercise, and behavior modifications, along with dedicated follow-up and weight management. The control group received routine clinical education for lifestyle intervention aimed at weight loss. Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) scale were applied to evaluate the sexual function and quality of life. The clinical data that may affect sexual function were collected and sex hormone levels were measured, including anthropometric indicators, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, total testosterone, bioactive testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in serum.  Results After 3 months of intervention, the body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, insulin resistance index, total testosterone, bioactive testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in experimental groups were significantly lower（P<0.05）, and the sex hormone binding globulin level was significantly higher (P<0.001), compared with the control group. SF-12 mental health scores, FSFI total scores, sexual desire, orgasm and sexual satisfaction scores were significantly increased in experimental groups (P<0.05), however, there were no significant differences in SF-12 physical health scores, as well as the scores of sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, and coital pain.  Conclusions Individualized lifestyle intervention can better improve the sexual function and mental health of obese patients with PCOS. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of ethinyl-estradiol/drospirenone tablets alone or in combination with orlistat on ovulation recovery rate and metabolic indices in overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Jiang Lingling, Ruan Xiangyan, Li Yanqiu, Zhang Mingzhen, Wang Zecheng, Jin Jing, Tian Xuanxuan, Liu Anming, Alfred O. Mueck Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 607-613.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.004 Abstract （936）      PDF（pc） （496KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To compare ovulation recovery rate and metabolic indicators between ethinyl-estradiol/drospirenone (EE/DRSP) combined with orlistat and EE/DRSP alone in overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods  This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted based on the 2004 Rotterdam criteria. From October 2020 to December 2023, 180 overweight/obese PCOS patients aged 20-40 were recruited from the Department of Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. The patients were randomly divided into two groups in a 1∶2 ratio. Among them, 60 patients received treatment with EE/DRSP (EE20 μg,DRSP 3 mg), while 120 patients received a combination treatment of EE/DRSP and orlistat (360 mg/d). The height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure of the patients were measured before treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment. Laboratory tests included measurements of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), fasting insulin（FINS）, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), free androgen index (FAI), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a) ［Lp(a)］, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone (T), and free testosterone (FT). After 12 weeks of treatment, the medication was discontinued, and natural ovulation was observed. Results  After 12 weeks of treatment, the ovulation rate of the EE/DRSP combined with orlistat group reached 70.8%, while the natural ovulation rate of the EE/DRSP group alone was only 35%, indicating that the ovulation rate was significantly increased after EE/DRSP combined with orlistat treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, both groups showed a significant decrease in total testosterone, free testosterone, and low-density lipoprotein levels (all P<0.05), and the decrease in BMI, waist circumference, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR in the EE/DRSP combined with orlistat group was greater than that in the EE/DRSP group alone (P<0.05). After treatment, both groups showed a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels (all P<0.05), with no significant changes in total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose (all P>0.05). Conclusion  After 12 weeks of treatment, EE/DRSP combined with orlistat can significantly improve the ovulation rate of PCOS patients. It is superior to EE/DRSP alone in reducing androgen levels, body weight, insulin resistance, and low-density lipoprotein levels.  Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics of the patients with follicular cysts and menstrual disorders Jin Jing, Ruan Xiangyan, Hua Lin, Cheng Jiaojiao, Zhao Yue, Tian Xuanxuan Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 620-625.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.006 Abstract （934）      PDF（pc） （477KB）（13）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To explore the clinical characteristics of the patients with follicular cysts and menstrual disorders. Methods  A total of 178 women with follicular cysts complicated by menstrual disorders were recruited, who were aged 23-53 (38.62±6.35) years and came to the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between August 2022 and July 2024. The participants were divided into three groups according to the age, with 27 women in the age group of 21-30 years (Group 1), 77 in the age group of 31-40 years (Group 2), and 74 in the age group of>40 years (Group 3). The age and menstruation of these patients were collected, the body height, weight, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), progesterone (Po), total testosterone (TT), prolactin (PRL), anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and thyroid function ［blood routine and blood clotting for patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) ］were measured, and the diameter of ovarian cyst and the thickness of endometrium were examined. The clinical characteristics of the patients with follicular cysts complicated by menstrual disorders were described and compared with each other among the three age groups. Results  ① Among 178 patients, 61 (34.3%) patients presented with complaints of cessation of regular menstruation or amenorrhea and 117 (65.7%) with complaints of AUB. Out of 178 patients, 13 (7.3%) patients developed anemia due to AUB, and all the patients were treated with medication. ② Follicular cysts disappeared in 1 month for 124 (69.7%) patients, disappeared in 2 months for 176 (98.9%) patients, and disappeared in 3 months for 178 (100%) patients. A total of 177 (99.4%) patients had follicular cysts with a diameter less than 5 cm, and only 1 (0.6%) patient had follicular cysts with a diameter ≥ 5 cm. ③ The overall prevalence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) in patients with follicular cysts complicated by menstrual disorders was 82.0%, and the prevalence of DOR was 70.2% for the patients under 40 years old. The prevalence of DOR in three age groups was 37.0% (10/27), 81.8% (63/77), and 98.6% (73/74), respectively. The prevalence of DOR gradually increased with age. ④ The median AMH values for Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 were 1.55, 0.51, and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. The FSH level in Group 3 was significantly higher than that in Groups 1 and 2 (adjusted P<0.05), while the AMH level was significantly lower than that in Groups 1 and 2 (adjusted P<0.05). The AMH level in Group 2 was lower than that in Group 1 (adjusted P<0.05). Conclusion  Patients with follicular cysts complicated by menstrual disorders are recommended to receive medication treatment, rather than just expecting treatment. The prevalence of DOR in patients with follicular cysts complicated by menstrual disorders is significantly higher than that in normal women, even in women younger than 40 years old. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the ovarian reserve of these patients while treating menstrual disorders, particularly for young women with fertility needs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The current status of bone mineral density and influencing factors in early menopausal women Liu Anming, Ruan Xiangyan, Wang Zecheng, Alfred O. Mueck Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 601-606.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.003 Abstract （881）      PDF（pc） （463KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To analyze the current status of bone mineral density (BMD) in women with early menopause and explore the correlations between BMD with age, body mass index (BMI), total body fat mass, spinal fat mass, femoral fat mass, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T). Methods  A total of 106 women with early menopause, who first visited the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2023 to May 2025, were recruited after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The spinal BMD, femoral BMD, total body fat mass, femoral fat mass, and spinal fat mass were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The age, height, and weight of the patients were recorded, and serum levels of FSH, E2, and T were measured. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between spinal and femoral BMD and age, FSH, E2, T, BMI, total body fat content, femoral fat content, and spinal fat content. The patients were divided into three groups based on BMD: normal bone mass, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare BMI, fat content, age, FSH, E2, and T levels among the three groups. Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparisons of significant differences. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors for femoral BMD T-score. Results  Among the 106 patients with early menopause, 30 (28.3%) had normal bone mass, 64 (60.4%) had osteopenia, and 12 (11.3%) had osteoporosis, with an average age of (43.99±0.16) years. Femoral BMD was positively correlated with BMI，total body fat mass，and spinal fat mass (all P<0.05). No significant differences were found in femoral fat mass, age, FSH, and T levels among the different bone mass groups, but, BMI, total body fat mass, spinal fat mass, and E2 were significantly different (P<0.05). BMI, total body fat mass, spinal fat mass and E2 were significantly higher in the normal bone mass group compared to the osteopenia group (P<0.05). The BMI of the normal bone mass group was significantly higher than that of the osteoporosis group (P<0.05).  Multiple linear regression analysis showed that FSH were influencing factors for femoral BMD T-scores (P<0.05).Conclusion  The osteoporosis is more prevalent in women with early menopause. Femoral BMD is positively correlated with BMI ,total body fat mass and spinal fat content. Elevated FSH is a risk factor for reduced femoral BMD T-score. Attention should be paid to the risk of osteoporosis in women with early menopause, and individualized treatment plans should be developed to reduce the prevalence of osteoporosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation of serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α level with cerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment Li Qing, Zhao Xiaowen, Ren Jing, Yu Miao, Cui Hanfang, Ding Fangyuan, Liu Hao, Li Qiong, Wang Fan, Li Qing, Chen Xiyan, Lu Chengbiao, Li Shaomin, Zhao Jianhua Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (2): 216-227.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.02.007 Abstract （840）      PDF（pc） （2980KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save Objective  To explore the correlation between serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) levels and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and cognitive impairment  and to assess the predictive value of HIF-1α for CSVD-related cognitive impairment. Methods  A total of 104 patients with CSVD who attended the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from June 2022 to November 2023 were enrolled. All enrolled patients were subjected to basic statistics, cranial nuclear magnetic resonance examination, cognitive function assessment, and serum HIF-1α test, and the number and location of CMBs were counted. Based on the above data the enrolled patients were grouped.The correlation between HIF-1α and cognitive function and CMBs was studied the influencing factors of CMBs and cognitive impairment were analyzed, and the predictive value of HIF-1α on the occurrence of cognitive impairment was evaluated. Results  There were statistically significant differences in HIF-1α levels and cognitive function among different CMBs groups. Serum HIF-1α levels were significantly negatively correlated with overall cognitive function, visuospatial and executive function, attention, and delayed recall, and serum HIF-1α was positively correlated with the number of  CMBs. HIF-1α may be a risk factor for CMBs and cognitive impairment associated with CSVD, and serum HIF-1α has potential in predict the cognitive impairment caused by CSVD. Conclusion  Serum levels of HIF-1α were associated with the number of CMB and CSVD-related cognitive impairment, and serum levels of HIF-1α may have a predictive value for CSVD-related cognitive impairment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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B cell receptor signaling pathway and its therapeutic implications in B-cell lymphoma Wang Jingwen, Li Zhenjun, Lyu Liangcheng, Yao Xiaoyu, Ding Ning Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (3): 436-441.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.006 Abstract （822）      PDF（pc） （464KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save B-cell lymphomas account for 70%－80% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas（NHL） and exhibit significant heterogeneity in genetic profiles, phenotypic characteristics, and clinical manifestations, posing substantial challenges for clinical management. The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane receptor on the surface of B cells that plays a central regulatory role in B-cell development, activation, and adaptive immune responses. As a core mechanism driving malignant transformation in various B-cell malignancies, aberrant activation of the BCR signaling pathway, plays a pivotal role in B lymphoma pathogenesis. Dysregulated BCR signaling not only promotes tumor cell proliferation, survival, and anti-apoptotic capacity but also accelerates malignant progression. Consequently, researchers are vigorously exploring therapeutic strategies targeting BCR and its downstream pathways, including inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and PI3K, as well as direct BCR-targeted approaches. The central role of BCR signaling in lymphoma pathogenesis and treatment underscores its potential as a critical focus for future therapeutic development, offering new directions and hope for improved clinical outcomes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progresses in the application of autologous platelet-rich concentrate in female fertility remodeling Cheng Jiaojiao, Ruan Xiangyan, Du Juan, Jin Fengyu, Gu Muqing, Li Yanglu Journal of Capital Medical University    2025, 46 (4): 637-643.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.04.009 Abstract （776）      PDF（pc） （488KB）（52）       Knowledge map    Save Female infertility is recognized as a global public health issue by the World Health Organization. Female fertility remodeling includes ovarian function reconstruction and uterus/endometrium reconstruction, etc. It is emerging as a hot technology since it is ready to prepare autologous platelet-rich concentrate and it is safer and more acceptable in autologous application. It plays an important role in regenerative medicine, and it is currently widely applied in maxillofacial and plastic surgery, dermatology and other clinical practices. This article mainly reviews the progresses of the application of autologous platelet-rich concentrate in female fertility remodeling. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics