Abstract: Objective Through retrospective analysis of the cases of children and adolescents from 0 to 16 years old in the Emergency Department of Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, the causes and characteristics of the deaths of children and adolescents in the emergency department were studied, so as to find the entry point for treating children with acute severe diseases and reducing the deaths of children in the emergency department, and provide clinical basis for the development of prevention and treatment strategies for reducing the mortality of children and adolescents. Methods From the “Population Death Information Registration and Management System”, the death data of children under 16 years of age were collected in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2019 and divided into neonatal groups according to different age groups (≤28 days), infant group (>28 days-≤1 year old), children group (>1-≤3 years old), preschool group (>3-≤6 years), school age group (>6 years-≤10 years), and the adolescent group (>10 years old-≤16 years old). Results The main causes of death in children and adolescents were found to be accidental injury death, sudden death, end-stage disease, respiratory failure and respiratory and cardiac arrest. The first cause of death was accidental injury, accounting for 40.00%, followed by sudden death, accounting for 15.00%, followed by respiratory failure and end-stage disease, accounting for 13.00%, respectively. Among unintentional injury deaths, the ratio of males to females was 1.86 to 1. Traffic injuries accounted for the first place (42.50%), followed by fall/fall injuries (25.00%). There were age differences in the death of children, and traffic injury was the main injury type in the adolescent group (42.85%). Traffic injuries and fall/fall injuries were the main injury types in the preschool, school and infant groups, while traffic injuries (28.57%) and foreign bodies (28.57%) were the main injury types in the infant group, followed by fall/fall injuries (14.28%), drowning (14.28%) and poisoning (14.28%). The place where children died on the way to the hospital was the first, followed by 32.00% at home, and the place where children died before the hospital accounted for 69%. The number of children who died before the hospital was significantly higher in the neonatal period and infant period than that of the pre-school and school-age groups. Conclusion The top three causes of death in emergency care for children aged 0-16 years in Tongzhou district were accidental injury death, sudden death, respiratory failure and terminal disease. The causes of death were different in different age groups, and the place of death was mostly pre-hospital. The younger the age was, the higher the risk of pre-hospital death was, and the risk of boys were more than that of girls.

Key words: children death, cause of death, under 16 years of age, The emergency department