超声造影在头颈部血管疾病中的应用及进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

头颈部动脉粥样硬化发病率逐年升高，严重影响患者的生活质量。目前，头颈部动脉检查方法主要有数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）、CT血管成像（CT angiography，CTA）及磁共振血管造影（magnetic resonance angiography，MRA），DSA是诊断颅外段血管狭窄情况的金标准，可以观察斑块表面的光滑程度以及溃疡斑块的形成。高分辨磁共振成像可以判断斑块内不同成分，评估斑块易损性。但上述方法均无法动态观察斑块内新生血管及外膜滋养血管，而超声造影（contrast-enhanced ultrasound，CEUS）能够清晰显影颈动脉斑块内新生血管，评估颈动脉斑块的易损性。同样，DSA也是诊断颅内血管性疾病的金标准，但因其有创性，检查具有一定的风险，造影剂过敏反应时有发生，而经颅超声造影（contrast enhanced transcranial color-coded sonography，CE-TCCS）可以显示颅内血管、血流速度及方向，弥补DSA的不足。本文就CEUS在头颈部血管性疾病中的应用及进展进行综述。

关键词: 超声造影, 颈动脉粥样硬化, 斑块, 新生血管, 颅内动脉瘤, 颅内动静脉畸形

Abstract:

Head-neck artery atherosclerosis disease is frequently observed, which may affects the quality of lives. At present, digital subtraction angiography(DSA), CT angiography(CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) have been the mainly screening tests for assessing head-neck artery. DSA is the gold standard in the diagnosis of extracranial vascular stenosis, observing the surface of the plaque and ulcer plaque formation. High resolution MR imaging can identify the intraplaque components and assess vulnerability of plaque. But these methods are unable to visualize intraplaque neovascularization and arterial vasa vasorum(VV) directly. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) can identify and quantify intraplaque neovascularization, assess the vulnerability of carotid plaque. Similarly, DSA is the gold standard in the diagnosis of intracranial vascular diseases, but its invasiveness has certain risk and contrast allergic reaction occurs frequently, and contrast enhanced transcranial color-coded sonography(CE-TCCS) can visualize intracranial blood vessels and identify velocity and direction of the blood flow, making up for DSA. In this paper, the application and development of CEUS in head-neck vascular disease were reviewed.

Key words: contrast-enhanced ultrasound, carotid atherosclerotic, plaques, neovascularization, intracranial aneurysm, intracranial arteriovenous malformation

中图分类号:

R445.1

李晨, 何文. 超声造影在头颈部血管疾病中的应用及进展[J]. 首都医科大学学报, 2014, 35(2): 145-149.

Li Chen, He Wen. Application and development of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging for head-neck vascular disease[J]. Journal of Capital Medical University, 2014, 35(2): 145-149.

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