Development and future of chemotherapy for prostate cancer

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.009

Abstract

Abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide,and chemotherapy is the main treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Since 1997, mitoxantrone, docetaxel and cabazitaxel have been approved as prostate cancer chemotherapeutic agents in China and overseas. Docetaxel is so far the only standard-of-care for first-line chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer for which a number of randomized clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of new drugs, combination regimen, sequential therapy and medication use in early stage of prostate cancer. In this paper, the history of the development of chemotherapy for prostate cancer and the research direction in recent years are reviewed.

Key words: prostate cancer, chemotherapy, prognosis

CLC Number:

R737.25

Wasilijiang Wahafu, Niu Yinong, Xing Nianzeng. Development and future of chemotherapy for prostate cancer[J]. Journal of Capital Medical University, 2016, 37(3): 299-306.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://journal03.magtech.org.cn/Jweb_sdykdxxb/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.009

https://journal03.magtech.org.cn/Jweb_sdykdxxb/EN/Y2016/V37/I3/299

References

[1] Torre L A, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012 [J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2015,65(2):87-108.
[2] Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012 [J]. Int J Cancer, 2015,136(5):E359-386.
[3] 叶定伟, 朱耀. 中国前列腺癌的流行病学概述和启示 [J]. 中华外科杂志, 2015,53(4):249-252.
[4] 马春光, 叶定伟, 李长岭, 等. 前列腺癌的流行病学特征及晚期一线内分泌治疗分析 [J]. 中华外科杂志, 2008,46(12):921-925.
[5] Yagoda A. Proceedings: Non-hormonal cytotoxic agents in the treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma [J]. Cancer, 1973,32(5):1131-1140.
[6] Scott W W, Johnson D E, Schmidt J E, et al. Chemotherapy of advanced prostatic carcinoma with cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil: results of first national randomized study [J]. J Urol, 1975,114(6):909-911.
[7] Elder J S, Gibbons R P. Results of trials of the USA National Prostatic Cancer Project [J]. Prog Clin Biol Res, 1985,185A:221-242.
[8] Eisenberger M A. Chemotherapy for prostate carcinoma [J]. NCI Monogr, 1988(7):151-163.
[9] Scher H I, Sternberg C N. Chemotherapy of urologic malignancies [J]. Semin Urol, 1985,3(4):239-280.
[10] Eisenberger M A, Simon R, O'Dwyer PJ, et al. A reevaluation of nonhormonal cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma [J]. J Clin Oncol, 1985,3(6):827-841.
[11] Ablin R J, Soanes W A, Bronson P, et al. Precipitating antigens of the normal human prostate [J]. J Reprod Fertil, 1970,22(3):573-574.
[12] Stamey T A, Yang N, Hay A R, et al. Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate [J]. N Engl J Med, 1987,317(15):909-916.
[13] Yagoda A, Petrylak D. Cytotoxic chemotherapy for advanced hormone-resistant prostate cancer [J]. Cancer, 1993,71(3 Suppl):1098-1109.
[14] Tannock I F, Osoba D, Stockler MR, et al. Chemotherapy with mitoxantrone plus prednisone or prednisone alone for symptomatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer: a Canadian randomized trial with palliative end points [J]. J Clin Oncol, 1996,14(6):1756-1764.
[15] Kantoff P W, Halabi S, Conaway M, et al. Hydrocortisone with or without mitoxantrone in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: results of the cancer and leukemia group B 9182 study [J]. J Clin Oncol, 1999,17(8):2506-2513.
[16] Tannock I F, de Wit R, Berry W R, et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer [J]. N Engl J Med, 2004,351(15):1502-1512.
[17] Petrylak D P, Tangen C M, Hussain M H, et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer [J]. N Engl J Med, 2004,351(15):1513-1520.
[18] Jordan M A, Wilson L. Microtubules as a target for anticancer drugs [J]. Nat Rev Cancer, 2004,4(4):253-265.
[19] Liu P, Li S, Gan L, et al. A transcription-independent function of FOXO1 in inhibition of androgen-independent activation of the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells [J]. Cancer Res, 2008,68(24):10290-10299.
[20] Gan L, Chen S, Wang Y, et al. Inhibition of the androgen receptor as a novel mechanism of taxol chemotherapy in prostate cancer [J]. Cancer Res, 2009,69(21):8386-8394.
[21] Zhu M L, Horbinski C M, Garzotto M, et al. Tubulin-targeting chemotherapy impairs androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer [J]. Cancer Res, 2010,70(20):7992-8002.
[22] Darshan M S, Loftus M S, Thadani-Mulero M, et al. Taxane-induced blockade to nuclear accumulation of the androgen receptor predicts clinical responses in metastatic prostate cancer [J]. Cancer Res, 2011,71(18):6019-6029.
[23] Thadani-Mulero M, Portella L, Sun S, et al. Androgen receptor splice variants determine taxane sensitivity in prostate cancer [J]. Cancer Res, 2014,74(8):2270-2282.
[24] Chi K N, Higano C S, Blumenstein B A, et al. Phase III SYNERGY trial: Docetaxel +/- custirsen and overall survival in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and poor prognosis [J]. J Clin Oncol,2015, 33(suppl): abstr5009.
[25] Small E, Demkow T, Gerritsen W R, et al. A phase III trial of GVAX immunotherapy for prostate cancer in combination with docetaxel versus docetaxel plus prednisone in symptomatic,castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC) [J].Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 2009:abstr7.
[26] Scher H I, Jia X, Chi K, et al. Randomized, open-label phase III trial of docetaxel plus high-dose calcitriol versus docetaxel plus prednisone for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2011,29(16):2191-2198.
[27] Kelly W K, Halabi S, Carducci M, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial comparing docetaxel and prednisone with or without bevacizumab in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: CALGB 90401 [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2012,30(13):1534-1540.
[28] Antonarakis E S, Eisenberger M A. Phase III trials with docetaxel-based combinations for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: time to learn from past experiences [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2013,31(14):1709-1712.
[29] Araujo J C, Trudel G C, Saad F, et al. Docetaxel and dasatinib or placebo in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (READY): a randomised, double-blind phase 3 trial [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2013,14(13):1307-1316.
[30] Fizazi K, Higano C S, Nelson J B, et al. Phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of docetaxel in combination with zibotentan in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2013,31(14):1740-1747.
[31] Quinn D I, Tangen C M, Hussain M, et al. Docetaxel and atrasentan versus docetaxel and placebo for men with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (SWOG S0421): a randomised phase 3 trial [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2013,14(9):893-900.
[32] Tannock I F, Fizazi K, Ivanov S, et al. Aflibercept versus placebo in combination with docetaxel and prednisone for treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (VENICE): a phase 3, double-blind randomised trial [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2013,14(8):760-768.
[33] de Bono J S, Logothetis C J, Molina A, et al. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer [J]. N Engl J Med, 2011,364(21):1995-2005.
[34] Ryan C J, Smith M R, de Bono J S, et al. Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy [J]. N Engl J Med, 2013,368(2):138-148.
[35] Ryan C J, Smith M R, Fizazi K, et al. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (COU-AA-302): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2015,16(2):152-160.
[36] Scher H I, Fizazi K, Saad F, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy [J]. N Engl J Med, 2012,367(13):1187-1197.
[37] Beer T M, Armstrong A J, Rathkopf D E, et al. Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy [J]. N Engl J Med, 2014,371(5):424-433.
[38] Kantoff P W, Higano C S, Shore N D, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer [J]. N Engl J Med, 2010,363(5):411-422.
[39] de Bono J S, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, et al. Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial [J]. Lancet, 2010,376(9747):1147-1154.
[40] Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer [J]. N Engl J Med, 2013,369(3):213-223.
[41] Karantanos T, Corn P G, Thompson T C. Prostate cancer progression after androgen deprivation therapy: mechanisms of castrate resistance and novel therapeutic approaches [J]. Oncogene, 2013,32(49):5501-5511.
[42] Karantanos T, Evans C P, Tombal B, et al. Understanding the mechanisms of androgen deprivation resistance in prostate cancer at the molecular level [J]. Eur Urol, 2015,67(3):470-479.
[43] Ahmed M, Li L C. Adaptation and clonal selection models of castration-resistant prostate cancer: current perspective [J]. Int J Urol, 2013,20(4):362-371.
[44] Wang J, Halford S, Rigg A, et al. Adjuvant mitozantrone chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer [J]. BJU Int, 2000,86(6):675-680.
[45] Millikan R E, Wen S, Pagliaro L C, et al. Phase III trial of androgen ablation with or without three cycles of systemic chemotherapy for advanced prostate cancer [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008,26(36):5936-5942.
[46] Gravis G, Fizazi K, Joly F, et al. Androgen-deprivation therapy alone or with docetaxel in non-castrate metastatic prostate cancer (GETUG-AFU 15): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2013,14(2):149-158.
[47] Gravis G, Boher J M, Joly F, et al. Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Plus Docetaxel Versus ADT Alone in Metastatic Non castrate Prostate Cancer: Impact of Metastatic Burden and Long-term Survival Analysis of the Randomized Phase 3 GETUG-AFU15 Trial[J]. Eur Urol, 2015. Nov 21. piis0302-2838(15)01103-3［Epub ahead of print］.
[48] Sweeney C J, Chen Y H, Carducci M, et al. Chemohormonal therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer [J]. N Engl J Med, 2015,373(8):737-746.
[49] James N D, Sydes M R, Clarke N W, et al. Addition of docetaxel, zoledronic acid, or both to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): survival results from an adaptive, multiarm, multistage, platform randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2016,387(10024):1163-1177.
[50] James N D, Sydes M R, Mason M D, et al. Celecoxib plus hormone therapy versus hormone therapy alone for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: first results from the STAMPEDE multiarm, multistage, randomised controlled trial [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2012,13(5):549-558.
[51] James N D, Spears M R, Clarke N W, et al. Survival with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer in the "docetaxel era": data from 917 Patients in the control arm of the STAMPEDE Trial (MRC PR08, CRUK/06/019) [J]. Eur Urol, 2015,67(6):1028-1038.
[52] James N D, Spears M R, Clarke N W, et al. Failure-free survival and radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic prostate cancer: data from patients in the control arm of the STAMPEDE Trial [J]. JAMA Oncol, 2016,2(3):348-357.
[53] Tucci M, Bertaglia V, Vignani F, et al. Addition of docetaxel to androgen deprivation therapy for patients with hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Eur Urol, 2016,69(4):563-573.
[54] NCCN. The NCCN prostate cancer clinical practice guidelines in oncology (version 2.2016)［EB/OL］. Fort Washington: NCCN,2016［2016-03-13］. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate.pd
[55] Fizazi K, Faivre L, Lesaunier F, et al. Androgen deprivation therapy plus docetaxel and estramustine versus androgen deprivation therapy alone for high-risk localised prostate cancer (GETUG 12): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2015,16(7):787-794.
[56] Sandler H M, Hu C, Rosenthal S A, et al. A phase III protocol of androgen suppression (AS) and 3DCRT/IMRT versus AS and 3DCRT/IMRT followed by chemotherapy (CT) with docetaxel and prednisone for localized, high-risk prostate cancer (RTOG 0521) ［C］. 2015,33(suppl):abstrLBA5002.