Table of Content

21 June 2016, Volume 37 Issue 3

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Levels of IL-33, TNF-α, and IL-6 in peripheral blood of the patients with chronic periodontitis

Lin Mei, Zhang Dongxue, Liu Zhiqiang, Wang Zuomin

2016, 37(3):  255-259.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.001

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Objective To investigate the levels of interleukin (IL)-33, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), IL-6 expression in peripheral blood of the patients with chronic periodontitis(CP). Methods Thirty-one healthy controls,187 cases with CP who were divided into 4 groups: healthy controls, mild periodontitis, moderate periodontitis, severe periodontitis were enrolled.IL-33,TNF-α,IL-6 were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Periodontal indexes were measured.Results In the CP group of moderate and severe periodontitis, IL-33 were significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P <0.01).TNF-α in severe periodontitis was higher than those in the control group (P <0.01) (between moderate periodontitis and healthy controls,P >0.05), and IL-6 in the group of moderate and severe periodontitis were significantly higher than healthy control(P=0.042, P <0.01). Conclusion The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum positively correlated with periodontal tissue inflammation, and therefore they may be used as signal molecules suggestive of active stage periodontitis; IL-33 level negatively correlated with inflammation of periodontal tissue, which may have protective coordinating effects in the pathological processes of chronic periodontitis.

Effect of different injection doses of rapamycin on general function changes in miniature pig

Zhu Zhao, Pang Baoxing, Wu Xiaoshan, Hu Lei, Hu Liang, Wang Jinsong, Zhang Chunmei, Wang Songling

2016, 37(3):  260-263.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.002

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Objective To evaluate the effect of different injection doses of rapamycin on general function changes in miniature pig (minipig). Methods Twelve minipigs were divided into 3 groups (n=3 per group), which were injected with 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 mg·kg^-1·day^-1 for 7 continuous days separately. Blood samples were obtained every 2 weeks. The assessment of main viscera of minipigs 12 weeks after injection was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H＆E) staining. Results The numbers of white blood cells, platelets and lymphocyte ratios were dose-dependently decreased at week 2 after injection, and returned to normal range at week 4. However, there was no significant difference in the main viscera of minipigs. Conclusion Seven continuous days injection with rapamycin had no impact on general condition of minipigs.

Analysis of electrocardiogram screening of asymptomatic patients before tooth extraction

Li Jing, Nan Fang, Huang Xiaofeng, Yang Ying, Zhang Qiong, Zhang Fangming

2016, 37(3):  264-269.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.003

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Objective To evaluate the potential risk of cardiac disease and explore the necessity of electrocardiogram (ECG) screening for asymptomatic patients before tooth extraction.Methods Adult patients before tooth extraction were recruited in the Department of Stomatology in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2014 to December 2015. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups, patients screened by electrocardiogram (ECG group) or not (control) before tooth extraction. The occurrence of systemic complication and the occurrence of abnormal ECG in patients of two groups after tooth extraction was observed and compared. Results Totally 2 388 patients were selected in the study. There were 1 158 cases in ECG group and 1 230 in control. In ECG group, there were 201 patients (17.36%) with abnormal ECG. In the abnormal ECG cases, 40 patients were regarded as having severe high risk of cardiac disease, and were not recommended for tooth extraction. There were 6 cases (0.54%) and 37 cases (3.01%) of systemic complication respectively in ECG group and control group after tooth extraction. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.001). In 28 patients of the 37 cases in control group high risk ECG was found, while the ECG examination of all cases in ECG group was normal. Conclusion ECG screening is necessary for asymptomatic patients before tooth extraction, and is effective to detect potential heart disease of high risk in tooth extraction patients, which might reduce the systemic complication and improve the safety during dental operation.

Clinical observation of the hemorrhagic risk in patients with low-dose aspirin therapy following dental implantation

Xiang Tianqing, LyuYalin, Yu Lan, Duan Xiangqing, Ding Fang, Cai Qian

2016, 37(3):  270-274.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.004

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Objective To evaluate the feasibility of dental implantation therapy without altering antiplatelet therapy in patients taking low dose aspirin.Methods Patients taking antiplatelet drug of low dose of aspirin and receiving dental implantation without altering aspirin dosage from June 2012 to March 2015 were enrolled into the trial group, the same number of 45 patients who had not taken oral anti-platelet drugs or anti-coagulant agents served as the control group after propensity-score matching. All implantation surgeries were performed without extensive gingival flapping or bone grafting. Hemorrhage condition of the implantation sites was checked 30 minutes after the surgery and additional hemostatic measures were supplemented if necessary.Patients were discharged until no blood oozing was observed. Telephone interviews were conducted at 24 hours, 72 hours after the procedure and a follow up visit was made 1 week later. The rates of post-operation hemorrhage were determined and analyzed using Fisher's exact test with SPSS 19.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software, and statistical significance was set at 0.05 level. Results There were 2 immediate postoperative bleeding cases in the aspirin group and 1 case in the control group. No significant difference was detected between the two groups (P=0.50). None was observed for late postoperative bleeding and severe postoperative bleeding in either group.Conclusion Our study support the recommendation that there is no indication to alter single low dose aspirin before simple dental implantation surgery, and the local hemostatic measures are sufficient to control bleeding.

Correlation between the increased vertical dimensions and the temporomandibular joint spaces in patients with severe tooth wear

Zhou Yixiao, Zhang Renjie, Wen Ying, Tan Jing, Gu Bin, Zheng Dongxiang

2016, 37(3):  275-280.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.005

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Objective To explore the correlation between the increased vertical dimensions and the temporomandibular joint spaces before treatment in patients with severe tooth wear during occlusal reconstruction. Methods The temporomandibular joint spaces and the condylar positions of 42 patients were measured by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) before treatment. Then the 3 different transitional removable dentures with 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm increased vertical dimensions were manufactured for each subject. The subjects chose the most comfortable one by themselves after wearing 3 transitional dentures. We compared the temporomandibular joint spaces in 3 groups of different increased vertical dimensions, and tried to analyze the correlation between the 3 different increased vertical dimensions and the temporomandibular joint spaces. Results The mean superior space in the group of 2 mm and 4 mm increased vertical dimensions was (3.58±0.98)mm,(3.07±0.60)mm respectively. The mean superior space in the 4 mm group was narrower than the 2 mm group(P <0.05). No significant linear correlation was found between increased vertical dimension with temporomandibular joint spaces, condylar positions, gender and age(P >0.05). Conclusion The results presented a tendency that the narrower the superior space is, the higher the transitional removable denture that patient choose is. On account of many factors, the temporomandibular joint spaces and the condylar positions in patients with severe tooth wear have not yet been found to be significant indicators affecting the increased vertical dimensions.

Transplantation of autologous labial salivary glands for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Chen Zhiyuan, Wang Jing, Wu Xiaoxia, Lian Xiaomeng, Liu Jingming, Wang Xuan

2016, 37(3):  281-285.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.006

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Objective To evaluate the effect of autologous labial salivary glands transplantation in the treatment of severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Methods Sixteen patients suffered from severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca underwent the transplantation of autologous labial salivary. The labial gland mucosal flap of the ipsilateral lower lip was harvested and sutured to the ipsilateral upper conjunctival fornix. The best-corrected visual acuity, Schirmer test, need for tear substitutes, the subjective satisfaction and the degree of discomfort were investigated before and at different intervals after surgery. Results Postoperative follow-up for 12 months, the autologous labial gland mucosal flap all survived and the good healing in donor site was achieved. The tear secretion was significantly increased on operated side in all patients after surgery compared with before surgery (P <0.05). The need for tear substitutes was significantly reduced and the degree of discomfort significantly was decreased on operated side in all patients after surgery compared with before surgery (P <0.05). The best-corrected visual acuity was improved in 2 of 16 cases. 14 of 16 patients were satisfied with the results. Conclusion The autologous labial salivary glands transplantation could increase tear secretion for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca, relieve the symptoms of patients with dry eye. It was a promising new treatment option for severe dry eye.

Effect of Er:YAG laser etching on enamel surface

Zheng Xiaowan, Qin Lu, Zhang Guanmin, Zhao Ying

2016, 37(3):  286-293.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.007

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Objective To compare the effect of Er:YAG laser etching on the surface of enamel with the phosphoric acid etching. Methods A total of 104 extracted premolars were collected from 26 orthodontic patients. The four premolars of each patient were randomly divided into 4 groups (26 teeth/group),and the enamel etching were done respectively with different methods or at different parameters: group A 35% phosphoric acid etching and three Er:YAG laser groups (group B 200 mJ, 30Hz, 6/8 water; group C 250 mJ,30 Hz, 6/8 water; group D 300 mJ, 20 Hz, 6/8 water). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of enamel surface, and atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to measure the roughness of enamel. The shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were surveyed after bracket bonding on the enamel surface. Results The enamel surface of four groups showed a pattern in which there was a distinct hollowing of prism centers, called typeⅠetching pattern, with a generalized roughening enamel surface. The honeycomb border of group C was the clearest. The roughness value was raised with increasing laser parameters, and the significant statistical difference (P <0.01) existed among the four groups. The highest peak-peak values of enamel surface were in group D. Group A showed lowest peak-peak values. Group C has the most similar enamel-bonding interface morphology to that of group A. The highest SBS was measured in group A, group C has no statistically significant difference with group A (P >0.05). No statistical difference of ARI scores were found in the four groups (P >0.05). Conclusion YAG laser etching with appropriate parameter can achieve the similar enamel surface morphology and SBS to phosphoric acid etching.

Progress in study on antibacterial orthodontic adhesive

Zhang Ning, Zhang Ke, Bai Yuxing

2016, 37(3):  294-298.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.008

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Fixed orthodontic treatments had been widely clinically applied in recent years due to their high efficiency and accuracy. White spot lesions around brackets is a major complication in patients of fixed orthodontic treatments, especially those with poor oral hygiene. Enamel demineralization not only unesthetic, but also damage the oral health, and therefore the white spot lesions is the issue of orthodontic doctors should not be ignored. Orthodontic brackets are bonded to teeth via orthodontic adhesives, if orthodontic adhesive has antibacterial properties, it can effectively prevent the enamel demineralization. The objective of this review was to elaborate on the method and progress of the study on antibacterial orthodontic adhesive.

Development and future of chemotherapy for prostate cancer

Wasilijiang Wahafu, Niu Yinong, Xing Nianzeng

2016, 37(3):  299-306.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.009

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Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide,and chemotherapy is the main treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Since 1997, mitoxantrone, docetaxel and cabazitaxel have been approved as prostate cancer chemotherapeutic agents in China and overseas. Docetaxel is so far the only standard-of-care for first-line chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer for which a number of randomized clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of new drugs, combination regimen, sequential therapy and medication use in early stage of prostate cancer. In this paper, the history of the development of chemotherapy for prostate cancer and the research direction in recent years are reviewed.

Correlation between 5-α reductase and biological behavior of prostate cancer

Sun Jian, Jin Song, Zhao Hongying, Liu Yang, Jin Mulan, Xing Nianzeng, Niu Yinong

2016, 37(3):  307-312.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.010

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Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of two types of 5-αreductase and Gleason score, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration, and TNM stage in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods Paraffin-embedded PCa specimens of 40 cases were collected in our hospital from 2013 to 2014. Other data of these patients were also collected including the basic information, prostate volume, preoperative serum PSA concentration, postoperative pathological TNM stage, Gleason score and so on. Chi-square test and Spearman rank correlation were used to analyze the correlation.Results The expression of type I 5-α reductase in PCa tissues was significantly stronger than that in the paraneoplastic tissues (Chi-square test, P <0.001). On the contrary, the expression of type II 5-α reductase in the paraneoplastic tissues was stronger than that in PCa tissues (Chi-square test, P=0.002). expression of type I 5-α reductase in PCa epithelial cells was positively correlated with patient's age, serum PSA, the degree of tumor malignancy, Gleason score, and clinical stage.Conclusion Expression of 5-α reductases in PCa are different, type I enzyme is increased, and type II enzyme is decreased. The expression of type I enzyme is positively correlated with age, serum PSA concentration, pathological stage and Gleason score. These findings suggest that these enzymes may play an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer in the elderly population. Type I enzyme may have a certain significance in judging the biological behavior and prognosis of prostate cancer.

"Sandwich" reconstruction of the urethrovesical anastomosis contributes to early continence in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer

Liu Zhibin, Jin Song, Zhang Junhui, Wang Jianwen, Tian Xiquan, Tian Long, Niu Yinong, Xing Nianzeng

2016, 37(3):  313-317.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.011

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Objective To evaluate the effect of the "Sandwich" reconstruction of the urethrovesical anastomosis contributes to early continence in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer. Methods From January 2011 through September 2015, 71 high-risk prostate cancer patients were involved in the study, of whom 47 patients underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with the "Sandwich" reconstruction of the urethrovesical anastomosis and 24 patients underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with standard urethrovesical anastomosis. Outcome data including patient age, body mass index, prostate volume, preoperative prostate specific antigen, Gleason score, clinical stage, operation time, removal of drainage tube's time, removal of catheter time, pathologic stage, lymph node dissection rate, positive surgical margins rate and urinary continence were assessed at 2, 4, 12, 24 and 52 weeks after catheter removal.Results No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of patient age, body mass index, prostate volume, preoperative prostate specific antigen, Gleason score, clinical stage, removal of drainage tube time, lymph node dissection rate and positive surgical margins rate; The operation time of "Sandwich" reconstruction of the urethrovesical anastomosis was longer than the time of standard urethrovesical anastomosis (P=0.024). A significant difference in removal of catheter time was recorded between the two groups [(14.35±1.83) d in "Sandwich" reconstruction of the urethrovesical anastomosis vs (6.53±0.85)d in standard urethrovesical anastomosis (P <0.001)]; A significant difference of urinary continence was also recorded between the groups (50% in standard urethrovesical anastomosis vs 76.6% in "Sandwich" reconstruction of the urethrovesical anastomosis, P=0.023) after 12 weeks. Conclusion "Sandwich" reconstruction technique in the procedure of urethrovesical anastomosis during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is safe and feasible, which can improve early recovery of continence for high-risk prostate cancer significantly.

Effect of early radiotherapy combined with androgen deprivation therapy after radical prostatectomy on local control and survival in patients with high-risk prostate cancer

Jin Song, Zhang Tian, Zheng Yingjie, Song Liming, Ping Hao, Wasilijiang·wahafu, Niu Yinong, Xing Nianzeng

2016, 37(3):  318-322.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.012

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Objective To investigate the effect of radiotherapy combined with androgen deprivation therapy after radical prostatectomy on local control and survival in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.Methods Fourteen patients with high-risk prostate cancer seen from 2010 to 2015 were treated with three dimension-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) or intensive modulation radiotherapy (IMRT) combined with androgen deprivation therapy after radical prostatectomy. The basic information, surgery, radiotherapy complications, prostate specific antigen (PSA) after surgery and survival condition of the patients were collected.Results Mean follow-up period was 20 (2-52) months. During radiotherapy, no severe complications occurred in the fourteen treated patients, 5 patients had mild frequent or urgent urination, 2 patients had mild diarrhea and abdominal distension, and only 1 patient had transient reduced leucocyte count without abnormal hemoglobin and platelet. PSA increased to 6 ng/mL from 0.056 ng/mL after radiotherapy without local recurrence and metastasis in one patient who resumed taking androgen deprivation therapy (bicalutamide and leuprorelin) for 5 months and PSA decreased to 1.539 ng/mL. The other 13 patients survived without biochemical and local recurrence.Conclusion Early adjuvant radiotherapy combined with androgen deprivation therapy after radical prostatectomy improve the local control and survival in the patients of high-risk prostate cancer.

Expression of Bmi1 in prostate cancer and its clinical implication

Lin Yunhua, Jiang Yongguang, Fang Wei, Wang Junsheng, Zhou Shaoyou, Sun Xiumei

2016, 37(3):  323-326.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.013

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Objective To investigate the expression and significance of Bmi1 protein in prostate cancer (PC).Methods We used immunohistochemistry to study the expression of the Bmi1 protein in PC (n=65) and benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) (n=15) specimens. The Bmi1 staining scores were compared with several clinicopathological parameters.Results Compared with the BPH specimens, the expression of Bmi1 increased in PC epithelium (P <0.01). The expression of Bmi1 was associated with high Gleason scores (P <0.01), pre-treatment risk stratification (P=0.013), and recurrence or progression (P <0.05) of PC patients. There was no statistically significant association between Bmi1 expression and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. Conclusion The expression of Bmi1 was increased in PC specimens and was associated with poor differentiation, high risk and poor prognosis of the cancer.

Expression of CXCR4 and NDRG1 and its association with invasion and metastasis in prostate cancer

Ping Hao, Niu Yinong, Yang Feiya, Wang Mingshuai, Xing Nianzeng

2016, 37(3):  327-330.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.014

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Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of CXCR4 and N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) in prostate cancer (PCa), and explore the relation between the protein expression and metastasis in PCa. Methods The expression of CXCR4 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 46 cases of PCa, 15 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 10 cases of normal prostate tissues (NP). The relation between the expression and clinicopathological changes was analyzed statistically. CXCR4 and phosphorylated NDRG1 (pNDRG1) were examined by Western blotting in prostate cancer cells. Results The expression level of CXCR4 in PCa was significantly higher than those in BPH and NP. The over-expression rate of CXCR4 in PCa was 65.2%. The expression of CXCR4 protein was not significantly associated with pathological grade and Gleason score (P=0.081). However, the increased expression of CXCR4 protein was significantly associated with the presence of metastasis of PCa (P=0.002). By Western blotting analysis, the expression of CXCR4 protein was stronger in PC3 and DU145 than in PrEC and LNCap cell lines. However, the expression of pNDRG1 decreased in the prostate cancer cells with high metastasis potential. Conclusion The expressions of CXCR4 and pNDRG1 are closely related to metastasis of PCa. CXCR4 and pNDRG1 have significant clinical implications for diagnosis and treatment of PCa.

A paradigm shift from standard to precisely minimal invasion in breast cancer.

Luo Chengyu

2016, 37(3):  331-335.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.015

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Throughout the transformation process of breast surgery over 100 years, the change of the operation ways represents the deeper insight to disease essence and the discipline development. From the Halsted classical operation to the failure of expanded radical surgery, returning to retain modified radical surgery with reservation of musculus pectoralis and breast conserving surgery, the improvement ironed the grieved mark in breast cancer surgical treatment towards minimally invasive and functional directions. Breast cancer surgical treatment has not stopped "the reduction" of the surgery, also forever without limits. Under such background, breast surgery presents a development tendency pursuing the individualized, minimally invasive, precise, the functional, the physique and the psychological recovery based on standardized treatment. This is founding a new treatment time.

Single port laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery in treatment of breast cancer

Wang Zihan, Teng Changsheng, Ge Zhicheng, Zhang Huiming, Yuan Zhu, Gao Yinguang, Zhang Zhongtao, Qu Xiang

2016, 37(3):  336-340.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.016

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Objective To evaluate the curability and the aesthetic results of the single port laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery. Methods From November 2014 to June 2015, a total of 23 patients with breast cancer underwent single port laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery. All patients were diagnosed as early breast cancer, stage I and II. We estimate the radical and cosmetic result. Results Single port laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery was performed on 23 patients. There was no serious complication after surgery. The follow-up time was 23 months at maximum and 10.4 months on average. There was no locoregional recurrence or distant metastases. The postoperative esthetic results were excellent, most of patients expressed great satisfaction(20/23,87.0%). ConclusionSingle port laparoscopic breast-conserving surgery can be considered as a surgical procedure with good locoregional control, it can also provide esthetic advantages for patients with early breast cancer.

Clinical application of nipple areola complex sparing modified mastoscopic mastectomy with one-stage reconstruction

Cui Zhimiao, Luo Chengyu, Li Xin, Liu Baoyin, Ding Yi

2016, 37(3):  341-345.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.017

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Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of the nipple areola complex (NAC) sparing modified radical mastoscopic mastectomy with one-stage reconstruction in treatment of early stage breast cancer. Methods From March 2012 to November 2015, a total of 46 breast cancer cases, according to their own choice, received NAC sparing mastoscopic modified radical mastectomy with one-stage reconstruction (experiment group, 23 cases),or NAC sparing mastoscopic modified radical mastectomy (control group, 23 cases), respectively. The operative time, operative blood loss, lymph node harvested, drainage flow, drainage duration, complication, recurrence, metastasis and postoperative appearance evaluation were compared between the two groups. Results The operative time, operative blood loss, lymph node harvested, drainage flow, drainage duration showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P >0.05). All the cases were followed up, there were no postoperative complications, recurrences and metastasis observed. The postoperative appearance evaluation satisfactory rates (95.65% vs 65.22%)in experiment group was significantly higher than that of control group (P <0.05). Conclusion NAC sparing mastoscopic mastectomy with one-stage reconstruction is safe and feasible for early breast cancer, and cosmetic effect and postoperative satisfactory rate is significantly superior to NAC sparing mastoscopic modified radical mastectomy.

Rhubarb extract solution enhances mast cells and eosinophils in rat colon

Wu Di, Xu Jingdong, Zhu Jinxia

2016, 37(3):  348-351.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.019

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Objective Since its effect of detoxification and laxative, it was found that mast cells and eosinophils have a large concentration on the rat colon after a short-term administration of Rhubarb in our investigation. This phenomenon of allergy caused by Rhubarb has not been reported. The aim of the study is to investigate the function that Rhubarb extract solution should be able to aggrandize mast cells and eosinophils on rat colon. Methods In order to explore the changes of mast cells, eosinophils, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the effect of different doses of Rhubarb, we gave the rats Rhubarb extract solution by intragastric administration. The samples were measured by means of immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and ELISA. Results Rhubarb could make mast cells activated and eosinophils accumulated significantly, causing an increase of IFN-γ and a decrease of IL-10, as while other phenomenon of allergy.Conclusion Administration of Rhubarb for 12 h can cause mast cell and eosinophil enhanced and accumulated in rat colon. It is vague how and why Rhubarb enhances the mast cell and eosinophil, which needs further research.

Experimental study of Qi Huang Ju Yu Fang on rat limb arterial occlusive disease

Zhang Xin, Liu Yuan, Ge Jianli, Song Yihua, Ma Yunlong, Li Xiaodong

2016, 37(3):  352-355.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.020

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Objective To establish the animal model and observe the therapeutic effect of Qi Huang Ju Yu Fang on limb arterial occlusion in rats. Methods Totally 60 Wistar rats were fed with high fat diet combined with the method of saphenous artery intima injury to make the (arteriosclerosis occlusive disease,ASO) model of rats; to observe the therapy effect in the different concentration groups on serum lipids, blood rheology indexes of the rats compared with Cilostazol as control group. Results Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, whole blood viscosity (high shear, low shear), erythrocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte rigidity index in high dose concentration of Chinese medicine groups and control group were remarkably lower than those in the model group. The statistical result is of great significance(P <0.01).While the difference between high dose concentration of Chinese medicine group and control group was not significant, and there was no statistical significance(P >0.05). Conclusion Qi Huang Ju Yu Fang can treat extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans by improving the disorder of lipid metabolism, reducing blood lipid levels, improving blood rheology.

Hepatoprotective effects of dietary 5'-nucleotide on nonalcoholic liver injury in mice

Gao Lifang, Luo Kui, Cui Shuxiang

2016, 37(3):  356-359.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.021

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Objective To investigate the hepatoprotection effects of dietary 5'-nucleotide in mice. Methods The 5'-nucleotide was administered by oral administration (40, 160, 640 mg/kg) for 30 days prior to acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) hepatic damage in mice. Results Pretreatment with 5'-nucleotide effectively attenuated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and improved pathological changes of the liver tissues in mice. Conclusion The 5'-nucleotide has potential hepatoprotective effects.

Spatial clustering analysis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)epidemic in China of 2013

Liu Meiling

2016, 37(3):  360-363.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.022

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Objective To classify provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China into different categories according to the morbidity and mortality of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) in year 2013 and make comparison among them.Methods We used fast clustering procedure to do the classification according to indicators of AIDS morbidity and mortality, classifying the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, to compare the prevalence and severity of AIDS among them.Results All the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions could be divided into five parts based on the prevalence and severity of AIDS. Severity of AIDS in Yunnan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were at the top level in China, as morbidity and mortality in Yunnan Province were 12.474 8 per 0.1million population and 3.599 5 per 0.1million population, also morbidity and mortality in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were 15.036 3 per 0.1million population and 5.916 3 per 0.1million population.Conclusion National AIDS epidemic has significant spatial clustered, providing a scientific basis for rational allocation of health care resources and developing effective prevention and control measures.

Research on children infected with Salmonella identification methodology and antimicrobial resistance characteristics

Hu Lixin, Song Wenqi, Su Jianrong, Dong Fang, Wang Yan

2016, 37(3):  364-369.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.023

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Objective To investigate the rapid identification and the antimicrobial resistance characteristics of Salmonella recovered from children. Methods Selected 75 strains Salmonella which were isolated from children. Via standard biochemical and serological tests for all strains were identified. 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to identify. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) method was used to identify. The results of the above two methods with traditional culture methods were compared and analyzed. Kerby-Bauer disk diffusion method for commonly used antibiotic sensitivity test was used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to analyze extended-sptectrum beta-lactam resistant gene. Results Seventy-five Salmonella, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis were the predominant serotypes, respectively 32 and 26. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis compared with the traditional culture method revealed the coincidence rate was 100%. Via the MALDI-TOF-MS method, the genus coincidence rate was 100%. The identification rate above 99.9% was 17, above 90% was 32, above 80% was 26. All the results were credible. But its coincidence rate of serotypes is not high. 75 Salmonella, the highest rate of drug resistance was Ampicillin (69.3%, 52/75), followed by ampicillin/sulbactam (44%, 33/75) and nalidixic acid (42.7%, 32/75). 75 Salmonella were detected 19 strains of extended-sptectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial resistance, accounting for 25.3%. Among 19 strains had 15 carrying blaCTX-M gene (8 were blaCTX-M-14, 2 were blaCTX-M-9, 1 was blaCTX-M-34, 2 were blaCTX-M-3, 2 were blaCTX-M-15), 8 strains carried blaTEM-1 gene, 4 strains carried blaOXA-1 gene.Conclusion 16S rRNA gene sequencing method is as the gold standard for identification of bacteria, known for its fast and accurate, a supplement traditional methods of identification method. MALDI-TOF-MS method can quickly identify Salmonella, but only directional prompts serotypes in the research mode, and therefore it needs to be identified by other assistive technologies. Salmonella causes diarrhea in children resistant to multiple antibiotics, third generation cephalosporins resistance is mainly caused by CTX-M type.

Characteristics of nerve regeneration after penetrating keratoplasty observed by confocal microscopy

Jie Ying, Wang Yi, Li Shang, Ruan Fang, Pan Zhiqiang

2016, 37(3):  370-375.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.024

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Objective To observe the characteristics of nerve regeneration after penetrating keratoplasty. Methods heidelberg retina laser tomography (HRT3) corneal confocal microscopy was used to observe patients after penetrating keratoplasty. 71 patients were observed at1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The characteristics of nerve growth and the associated factors influencing nerve regeneration in corneal grafts including subepithelial nerves and stromal nerves were analyzed. Results There was no regenerated nerves in the grafts at 1 month after the surgery. In all 71 patients, the rate of nerve regeneration, including subepithelial nerves and stromal nerves, at 3,6 and 12 months after penetrating was 26/71 (36.62%) and 11/71 (15.49%), 44/71 (61.97%) and 30/71 (42.25%), 46/71 (64.79%) and 36/71 (50.74%) respectively. At 12 months after the surgery, we found the characteristics of the regenerated nerves was significantly different from that of the normal corneal nerves. The regenerated nerves tended to be smaller in diameter, shorter in length and lower in density. For different etiology, the rate of nerve regeneration at the twelfth month after the surgery was different, among which traumatic corneal walleye was 9/10 (90.00%), keratoconus 10/12 (83.33%), corneal dystrophy 3/4 (75.00%), bullous keratopathy 7/11 (63.63%), viral keratitis 6/12 (50.00%), past PKP/LKP surgery 8/18 (44.44%), congenital corneal walleye 1/4 (25.00%). Regenerated nerves decreased or disappeared in different degrees in the rejected corneal grafts. We also found that regenerated nerves occured unexplained subside or disappear in 5 patients. Conclusion Corneal nerve regeneration after penetrating keratoplasty was affected by many factors and was varied. Confocal microscopy can do a continuous follow-up observation of nerve regeneration after corneal transplantation.

Polysomnographic characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with dream enacting behavior

Chang Yi, Nie Xiuhong, Wei Bing, Xiao Han, Zhang Lianguo, Li Yan, Zhan Shuqin, Chen Biao

2016, 37(3):  376-381.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.025

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Objective To analyze the video-polysomnographic(vPSG) characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) with dream enacting behavior(DEB). Methods Totally 224 subjects were enrolled from sleep disease center of Xuanwu Hospital from 2012 to 2013. All subjects were undergone by rapid eyes movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) questionnaire-Hong Kong(RBDQ-HK) at the cut-off value of 18/19 and one night vPSG. The subjects were screened into three groups(pseudo-RBD group=17;OSAS group=39;idiopathic RBD(iRBD) group=118) and the sleep apnea related parameters were compared between the three groups. Results Compared with OSAS group, pseudo-RBD patients had lower apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and hypopnea index, more severity of oxygen desaturation [baseline oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and minimum SpO₂] and longer maximum hypopnea time and<90% O₂ saturation duration(P <0.05). Compared with iRBD group, the abnormal behaviors displayed from arousals across the different sleep stages. Conclusion The symptoms of DEB more often occurred during respiratory-related arousals in the moderate to severe patients with OSAS.

Analysis of changes of blood coagulation function in pregnant women with prethrombotic state

Xiao Huan, Gao Jie, Jin Yanrong, Ma Hongmei, Geng Liyan, Li Rui, Tian Dan, Ma Wei

2016, 37(3):  382-384.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.026

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Objective To investigate the changes of blood coagulation indexes before and after cesarean section in pregnant women with prethrombotic state.Methods Totally 66 cases with prethrombotic state in the diagnosis of "snowstorm sign" by ultrasound were enrolled, compared with the same period hospitalized pregnant women in 66 cases of normal lower limb venous ultrasound. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrin original (FBG) and D dimer (D-D) in the two groups were compared to the corresponding analysis, to study the correlation between coagulation related parameters change and prethrombotic state.Results There was no significant difference between the prethrombotic state group and normal pregnancy group in PT, TT, FBG (P >0.05). APTT and D-D in the prethrombotic state was (30.79±3.89)s and (480.81±189.75)ng/mL,which have significant difference compared to (32.44±3.59)s and (364.74±81.76)ng/mL in the normal pregnancy group (P <0.05). Conclusion The determination of D-D is helpful for the diagnosis of gestational prethrombotic state.It is necessary to further diagnosis by lower limb venous ultrasound for the obviously increased cases. The prethrombotic state in pregnant women should be monitored for D dimer and ultrasound to disover whether the deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity was formed, and avoid severe and fatal pulmonary embolism.

Evaluation of metabolic disorders and pancreatic islet function in aged male patients with hyperinsulinemia in Beijing

Kang Yi, Zhang Baohe, Xu Hongtao, Tian Guang, Yao Hebin, Zhao Hong, Huang Huogao, Lian Shijie, Du Kai-yin, Hua Wei, Hu Xiaodong, Wang Ji

2016, 37(3):  385-390.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.027

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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristic,pancreatic islet function and concomitant diseases in middle-aged and elderly male hyperinsulinemia patients. Methods Assessed by plasma insulin readouts, middle-aged and elderly male in Beijing were divided into 4 groups: fasting hyperinsulinemia (fasting HINS), two hours afterload hyperinsulinemia (afterload HINS), combined damage (fasting/afterload HINS) and non-hyperinsulinemia (non HINS).Then compare metabolic characteristics, insulin resistance and islet β cell secretory function between these groups. Moreover,assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), according to ADA 2003 diagnostic criteria, all the subjects were further divided into 3 groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulation (IGR), newly diagnosis diabetes (NDM).The difference of combined with metabolic syndrome related diseases were evaluated. ResultsA total of 931 middle-aged men enrolled in this study:fasting HINS group (n=22), afterload HINS group (n=109), fasting / afterload HINS group(n=49) and non-HINS group(n=751). 1HbA1_C readout in the fasting/ afterload HINS group was significantly higher than the afterload HINS group(P <0.01),and fasting HINS group in between.2Among the four groups, the fasting/afterload HINS group showed highest HOMA-IR, followed by fasting HINS group, afterload HINS and non HINS group, and there were significant differences among these four groups(F=344.25,P <0.05). 3After corrected by HOMA-IR, HBCI/IR and FBCI/IR readouts of fasting/afterload HINS group were lower than those of non-HINS group significantly(F=5.08,P <0.05).There were no differences in the level of FBCI/IR between afterload HINS group and non-HINS group. 4The metabolic disorders constituent ratio of hyperinsulinemia(HINS)combined with differences IGR patients were significantly higher than the corresponding non-HINS subgroups(P <0.05). Moreover, with the deterioration of glucose regulation, the ratio of metabolic disorders gradually increased. Conclusion 1Fasting and afterload hyperinsulinemia patients showed more severe insulin resistance, pancreatic islet function was significantly impaired, and glucose metabolism disorder gets deterioration.2Fasting insulin is recommended indicators of hyperinsulinemia in large-scale clinical screening.3Hyperinsulinemia was easier to combine with a variety of metabolic disorders, especially fasting and afterload hyperinsulinemia patients need comprehensive intervention.

Comparison of effects of tropisetron and ondansetron on preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a system review and Meta-analysis

Nie Yangyang, Shi Zhiguo, Chen Bin, Yan Tao, Zheng Hui

2016, 37(3):  391-399.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.028

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Objective To systematically review the effects of tropisetron and ondansetron on preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods According to the PRISMA statement, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched for random controlled trials involving tropisetron and ondansetron on preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting within first 24 hours after surgery from the date of establishment of databases to September, 2015. Researchers screened the studies, evaluated the quality of included studies, extracted data, conducted Meta-analysis and classified the evidence using GRADE system. Results Totally 9 trials were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo, both tropisetron and ondansetron could effectively prevent PONV [RR=0.62, 95% CI(0.43,0.90), P=0.01]RR=0.67, 95%CI(0.49,0.90), P=0.009]. There were no significant difference between tropisetron and ondansetron on preventing PONV, POV, PON [RR=0.95, 95% CI(0.81,1.11), P=0.50] [RR=1.26, 95% CI(0.83,1.91), P=0.28] [RR=0.88, 95% CI(0.42,1.83), P=0.73]. Conclusion Tropisetron and ondansetron could provide equal effective prophylaxis of PONV within 24 hours after surgery. But according to the currently available evidence, there were no significant difference between tropisetron and ondansetron on preventing PONV.

Analysis of clinical characteristics in 82 adults patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

Zheng Hua, Li Jie, Wang Haiyan, Li Hui, Zhou Hui, Yuan Biao, Tian Yu

2016, 37(3):  400-404.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.03.029

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Objective To analyze pathological features of adults with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Methods Eighty-two adults aged (38.7±12.24) years who were diagnosed with POTS by head-up tilt test in clinics were selected to constitute the POTS group. Thirty-one adults aged (39.22±10.98)years with negative the head-up tilt test who are excluded POTS served to consititute the control group. History collection and physical examination were done for all POTS patients. Clinical characteristics of POTS adults were summarized. Results There were no statistical differences between POTS and the control group in age, sex radio, supine heart rate and supine blood pressure. About 76.8% POTS took syncope as major symptoms. About 34.14% of them experienced frequent episodes ( >10 times).68 patients had syncope and 19 patients did not have syncope. There were no statistical differences in sex and age between two groups. Most of them have causes before the onset of POTS. The main causes of POTS include postural changes, mental stress, fatigue, exercise, etc. The main symptoms include syncope, dizziness, palpitations, chest tightness,amaurosis, sweet,pale complexion, fatigue. During the head-up tilt test, the HR of patients with POTS increased gradually, and the average maximal HR increase was (45.05±11.06) beats per minute. Conclusion The patients with POTS are usually in all age groups and have a high incidence of syncope. The common symptoms of POST include syncope, dizziness, palpitations, chest tightness,sweet,pale complexion, fatigue. In the head-up tilt test the HR significantly increases in ten minutes and HR increases ≥40bpm.