Lasker Awards 2014

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.05.002

Abstract

Abstract:

In Sep. 8, 2014, Lasker Awards released. The 2014 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award honors Kazutoshi Mori and Peter Walter for their discoveries concerning the unfolded protein response an intracellular quality control system that detects harmful misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and signals the nucleus to carry out corrective measures. The 2014 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award honors Alim-Louis Benabid and Mahlon DeLong for the development of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, a surgical technique that reduces tremors and restores motor function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. The 2014 Lasker~Koshland Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science honors Mary-Claire King for bold, imaginative, and diverse contributions to medical science and human rights: she discovered the BRCA1 gene locus that causes hereditary breast cancer and deployed DNA strategies that reunite missing persons or their remains with their families.

Key words: Lasker Awards, unfolded protein response, deep brain stimulation, BRCA1

Zhang Ting, Wang Xiaomin. Lasker Awards 2014[J]. Journal of Capital Medical University, 2014, 35(5): 533-538.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://journal03.magtech.org.cn/Jweb_sdykdxxb/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.05.002

https://journal03.magtech.org.cn/Jweb_sdykdxxb/EN/Y2014/V35/I5/533

References

[1] Williams C L. Kazutoshi Mori and Peter Walter receive the 2014 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award[J]. J Clin Invest, 2014, 124(10): 4138-4142
[2] Mori K, Sant A, Kohno K,et al. A 22 bp cis-acting element is necessary and sufficient for the induction of the yeast KAR2 (BiP) gene by unfolded proteins[J]. Embo J, 1992, 11(7): 2583-2593.
[3] Cox J S, Shamu C E, Walter P. Transcriptional induction of genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins requires a transmembrane protein kinase[J]. Cell, 1993, 73(6): 1197-1206.
[4] Mori K, Ma W, Gething M J,et al. A transmembrane protein with a cdc²⁺/CDC28-related kinase activity is required for signaling from the ER to the nucleus[J]. Cell, 1993, 74(4): 743-756.
[5] Cox J S,Walter P. A novel mechanism for regulating activity of a transcription factor that controls the unfolded protein response[J]. Cell, 1996, 87(3): 391-404.
[6] Mori K, Kawahara T, Yoshida H,et al. Signalling from endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus: transcription factor with a basic-leucine zipper motif is required for the unfolded protein-response pathway[J]. Genes Cells, 1996, 1(9): 803-817.
[7] Sidrauski C, Cox J S, Walter P. tRNA ligase is required for regulated mRNA splicing in the unfolded protein response[J]. Cell, 1996, 87(3): 405-413.
[8] Kawahara T, Yanagi H, Yura T,et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced mRNA splicing permits synthesis of transcription factor Hac1p/Ern4p that activates the unfolded protein response[J]. Mol Biol Cell, 1997, 8(10): 1845-1862.
[9] Sidrauski C,Walter P. The transmembrane kinase Ire1p is a site-specific endonuclease that initiates mRNA splicing in the unfolded protein response[J]. Cell, 1997, 90(6): 1031-1039.
[10] Kawahara T, Yanagi H, Yura T,et al. Unconventional splicing of HAC1/ERN4 mRNA required for the unfolded protein response. Sequence-specific and non-sequential cleavage of the splice sites[J]. J Biol Chem, 1998, 273(3): 1802-1807.
[11] Haze K, Yoshida H, Yanagi H,et al. Mammalian transcription factor ATF6 is synthesized as a transmembrane protein and activated by proteolysis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress[J]. Mol Biol Cell, 1999, 10(11): 3787-3799.
[12] Ye J, Rawson R B, Komuro R,et al. ER stress induces cleavage of membrane-bound ATF6 by the same proteases that process SREBPs[J]. Mol Cell, 2000, 6(6): 1355-1364.
[13] Yoshida H, Matsui T, Yamamoto A,et al. XBP1 mRNA is induced by ATF6 and spliced by IRE1 in response to ER stress to produce a highly active transcription factor[J]. Cell, 2001, 107(7): 881-891.
[14] Walter P,Blobel G. Purification of a membrane-associated protein complex required for protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1980, 77(12): 7112-7116.
[15] Jackson S. Alim-Louis Benabid and Mahlon DeLong win the 2014 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award[J]. J Clin Invest, 2014, 124(10): 4143-4147.
[16] DeLong M R. The neurophysiologic basis of abnormal movements in basal ganglia disorders[J]. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol, 1983, 5(6): 611-616.
[17] Alexander G E, DeLong M R, Strick P L. Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex[J]. Annu Rev Neurosci, 1986, 9357-381.
[18] Miller W C,DeLong M R. Parkinsonian symptomatology. An anatomical and physiological analysis[J]. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1988, 515287-302.
[19] Bergman H, Wichmann T, DeLong M R. Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus[J]. Science, 1990, 249(4975): 1436-1438.
[20] Vitek J L, Bakay R A, Freeman A,et al. Randomized trial of pallidotomy versus medical therapy for Parkinson's disease[J]. Ann Neurol, 2003, 53(5): 558-569.
[21] Gregory R. Surgery for movement disorders[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2002, 72 Supp1:32-35.
[22] Benabid A L, Pollak P, Gervason C,et al. Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus[J]. Lancet, 1991, 337(8738): 403-406.
[23] Limousin P, Pollak P, Benazzouz A,et al. Effect of parkinsonian signs and symptoms of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation[J]. Lancet, 1995, 345(8942): 91-95.
[24] Wilson P W, Abbott R D, Castelli W P. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality. The Framingham Heart Study[J]. Arteriosclerosis, 1988, 8(6): 737-741.
[25] Hurst J H. Pioneering geneticist Mary-Claire King receives the 2014 Lasker~Koshland Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science[J]. J Clin Invest, 2014, 124(10): 4148-4151.
[26] King M C,Wilson A C. Evolution at two levels in humans and chimpanzees[J]. Science, 1975, 188(4184): 107-116.
[27] Newman B, Austin M A, Lee M,et al. Inheritance of human breast cancer: evidence for autosomal dominant transmission in high-risk families[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1988, 85(9): 3044-3048.
[28] Hall J M, Lee M K, Newman B,et al. Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21[J]. Science, 1990, 250(4988): 1684-1689.
[29] Goldgar D E, Fields P, Lewis C M,et al. A large kindred with 17q-linked breast and ovarian cancer: genetic, phenotypic, and genealogical analysis[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1994, 86(3): 200-209.
[30] Wooster R, Neuhausen S L, Mangion J,et al. Localization of a breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, to chromosome 13q12-13[J]. Science, 1994, 265(5181): 2088-2090.
[31] Brownstein Z, Friedman L M, Shahin H,et al. Targeted genomic capture and massively parallel sequencing to identify genes for hereditary hearing loss in Middle Eastern families[J]. Genome Biol, 2011, 12(9): R89.
[32] Casadei S, Norquist B M, Walsh T,et al. Contribution of inherited mutations in the BRCA2-interacting protein PALB2 to familial breast cancer[J]. Cancer Res, 2011, 71(6): 2222-2229.
[33] Nord A S, Roeb W, Dickel D E,et al. Reduced transcript expression of genes affected by inherited and de novo CNVs in autism[J]. Eur J Hum Genet, 2011, 19(6): 727-731.
[34] Roeb W, Higgins J, King M C. Response to DNA damage of CHEK2 missense mutations in familial breast cancer[J]. Hum Mol Genet, 2012, 21(12): 2738-2744.
[35] Pierce S B, Gersak K, Michaelson-Cohen R,et al. Mutations in LARS2, encoding mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase, lead to premature ovarian failure and hearing loss in Perrault syndrome[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2013, 92(4): 614-620.
[36] Rippey C, Walsh T, Gulsuner S,et al. Formation of chimeric genes by copy-number variation as a mutational mechanism in schizophrenia[J]. Am J Hum Genet, 2013, 93(4): 697-710.
[37] King M C,Motulsky A G. Human genetics. Mapping human history[J]. Science, 2002, 298(5602): 2342-2343.
[38] Lipovich L,King M C. Abundant novel transcriptional units and unconventional gene pairs on human chromosome 22[J]. Genome Res, 2006, 16(1): 45-54.
[39] Di Lonardo A M, Darlu P, Baur M,et al. Human genetics and human rights. Identifying the families of kidnapped children[J]. Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 1984, 5(4): 339-347.