Journal of Capital Medical University ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 87-92.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2026.01.011

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Correlation analysis of thyroid peroxidase antibody and free thyroxine on the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus

Wang Chunyu1，2, Zou Liying1*, Zhao Yue3   

  1. 1.Department of Perinatal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China; 2.Zhangjiawan Community Healthcare Center, Tongzhou District, Beijing, Beijing  101113, China；3.Medical Administration Department, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
  • Received:2025-09-30 Revised:2025-11-18 Online:2026-02-21 Published:2026-02-02
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation（7192067）,Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University/Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital “Excellent Youth” Plan Special Funds（YQRC201807）.

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Abstract: Objective  To analyze the relationship between thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), free thyroxine (FT4) in the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods  A total of 440 pregnant women who received regular prenatal check-ups and had complete data in the Department of Perinatal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to October 2020 were selected. They were divided into the GDM group (n=335) and the non-GDM group (n=105) according to whether GDM was diagnosed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between TPOAb, FT4 in the first trimester and the occurrence of GDM. Results  The age, body mass index (BMI) and TPOAb levels of patients in the GDM group were higher than those in the non-GDM group, while the FT4 level was lower than that in the non-GDM group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in thyroid-stimulating     hormone (TSH) level between the two groups (P>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of GDM was correlated with age, BMI, TPOAb and FT4 levels. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors for the incidence of GDM were age (OR=1.111, 95%CI: 1.005-1.228), BMI (OR=1.141, 95%CI: 1.028-1.266), TPOAb level (OR=1.046, 95%CI: 1.015-1.078) and FT4 level (OR=0.749, 95%CI: 0.644-0.871). The combined area under the curve (AUC) of TPOAb and FT4 levels for predicting the prevalence of GDM was higher than that of a single indicator. Conclusion  Increased TPOAb and decreased FT4 during pregnancy are independent risk factors for GDM, and the combined detection of these two indicators has higher predictive value for the risk of GDM. It is recommended to conduct thyroid function and antibody screening for women in the first trimester of pregnancy, to provide a reference for early intervention of GDM.

Key words: thyroid peroxidase antibody, free thyroxine, gestational diabetes mellitus, thyroid-stimulating hormone, autoimmunity, hypothyroidism

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