Before Publication:

(1) If an author requests withdrawal of a manuscript for personal reasons after successful submission via the online system, they must provide a written explanation to the editorial office (including title, authors, affiliations, and reasons for withdrawal), signed by all authors. All resulting losses shall be borne by the authors. If the withdrawal is applied for by the author’s institution, it must be stamped with the institution’s official seal and accompanied by all authors’ signatures.

(2) Authors who request withdrawal twice due to their own reasons will have their submissions bearing their name rejected by the editorial office for three years.

After Publication:

Unless there are scientific errors or errors affecting the paper’s results and conclusions, the printed and electronic versions are considered the final versions, and corrections or withdrawals generally will not be made. Corrections or withdrawals may be made when necessary (as described below):

(1) Correction: If there are unintentional scientific errors in the article that do not significantly impact the results or conclusions, the editorial office will promptly release a corrected version of the paper on all databases, and commission the databases to publish a correction notice detailing the changes to the original text and indicating the article’s source. The pre-correction version will also be archived for direct access by readers, but the latest version should be cited when referencing.

(2) Withdrawal: The editorial office will retract a published article and issue a retraction statement in the following cases: when there are serious scientific errors rendering the results and conclusions unreliable; or when a paper is suspected of academic misconduct and such misconduct is verified. Upon verification, the editorial office will immediately initiate the withdrawal process and add the authors to a blacklist.