Journal of Capital Medical University

Comparison between SPECT and Planar Pulmonary Perfusion Imaging in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism

Wang Tie;Yang Yuanhua;Zhang Lei;Wang Chen

2008, 29(1): 3-7.

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Objective To evaluate the value of SPECT imaging in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism(PE).Methods SPECT and planar pulmonary perfusion imagings were done in 519 patients with first episode of PE.The results were compared with those of spiral CT pulmonary arteriography(CTPA).Results Among the total 227 patients with planar pulmonary and SPECT imagings,the detection rates of PE was 89.4%(203) and 98.2%(223) respectively.There was significant difference between planar pulmonary and SPECT imaging in detection rate(P<0.01).Among the 221 patients with CTPA results,the abnormal segments detected by CPTA were 976,and by planar pulmonary imaging 796;the coincident rate was 81.6%.In the SPECT imagings,937 abnormal segments were detected,with a 96% coincident rate.Detection rate also differed significantly.Conclusion SPECT imaging improves the performance of diagnosis of PE significantly,it can take place of planar pulmonary imaging and become the routine in the diagnosis of PE.

Fully Automated Synthesis of [¹⁸F]Fluoromisonidazole and Preclinical Study

Zhang Jinming;Zheng Xin;Liu Xi;Guo Zhe;Liu Xiaofei;Tian Jiahe

2008, 29(1): 8-11.

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Objective To study a new fully automated method for the synthesis of [¹⁸F]fluoromisonidazole(¹⁸F-FMISO) by a home made FDG synthesizer.Methods The optimal labeling conditions for the automated synthesis of ¹⁸F-FMISO was 4～6 mg precursor in 1 mL acetonitrile heated at 110 ℃ for 300 s at pressurized vessel,and hydrolyzed with 1 mol/L HCl at 120 ℃ for 180 s with modified FDG synthesizer.The biodistribution and PET scan were performed in normal and lung tumor bearing mice.Results The yield of ¹⁸F-FMISO was 67% with modified FDG module.It took 25 min.The radiochemical purity was over 99%.The stabilization of ¹⁸F-FMISO was good in vitro.The PET scan showed that the tumor took up ¹⁸F-FMISO.The ratio of tumor to muscle was 2.99 at 120 min.The liver,kidney and intestines took up ¹⁸F-MISO abundantly.Conclusion The modified FDG module can be used for synthesis of high yield ¹⁸F-FMISO.It could be used in clinical practice as a potential radiopharmaceutical for the non-invasive detection of hypoxia in thorax and neck tumors.

The Use of PET Imaging in the Evaluation of Alzheimer's Disease Rat Model

Guo Zhe;Wang Ruimin;Zhang Jinming;Li Xuling;Yao Shulin;Tian Jiahe

2008, 29(1): 12-14.

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Objective To investigate the value of ¹⁸F-FDG and 4'-schiff-O[¹¹CH₃]PET imaging in the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease rat model.Methods Ten AD rat models and 10 control rats had undergone the ¹⁸F-FDG and 4'-schiff-O[¹¹CH₃]PET studies.The sections of the brain tissues of both control and AD model rats were stained with HE and Congo red.Results PET imaging of AD rats showed reduced glucose metabolism and high uptake of 4'-schiff-O[¹¹CH₃] in the injected side.Diffuse neuronal loss and Aβdeposition were detected in the hippocampi and cortices in the AD rats;in contrast,such changes were almost not seen in control rats.Conclusion ¹⁸F-FDG and 4'-schiff-O[¹¹CH₃] PET imaging,combining with the behavioral and pathological observations can set up standards of verifying the AD rat model,and it provides a molecular imaging tool for the basic research and clinic diagnosis of AD.

Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine on the Hippocampal Cholinergic System in D-galactose Induced Mice Model with Alzheimer's Disease

Zhang Chun;Wang Shizhen;Wang Tie

2008, 29(1): 15-18.

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Objective To investigate the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the hippocampal cholinergic system in D-galactose induced Alzheimer's disease in mice model.Methods C57BL/6J mice were given subcutaneous injection of 2% D-galactose for 40 days(100 mg·Kg^-1·d^-1).Normal saline,tetramethylpyrazine and Huperzine A respectively were given by intragastric administration in different study groups from the third week.The mice were trained to find the platform in the water maze on the 41th day.After 24 hours,learning and memory ability was tested.Choline acetyltransferase(chAT) activity,acetylcholinesterase(AchE) activity,the binding sites(Bmax) and the affinity(KD) of M-cholinergic receptor in the hippocampi were determined.Results The learning and memory dysfunction and reduced M-cholinergic receptor binding sites were found in the model group as compared with the normal control group(P<0.05～0.01).Although chAT activity and AchE activity were mildly lowered in the model group,there was no statistical significance when compared with the control group.The tetramethylpyrazine could markedly attenuate cognitive dysfunction,elevate chAT activity(P<0.01),AchE activity(P<0.05) and M-cholinergic receptor binding sites(P<0.005) in the hippocampi of mice treated with D-galactose.Conclusion The tetramethylpyrazine can significantly improve the hippocampal cholinergic system function,and thus enhance the learning and memory ability in D-galactose induced Alzheimer's disease model mice model.

Comparison between Efficiency of MR-Diffusion Weighted Imaging and Bone Scan Scintigraphy in Detection of Bone Metastasis

Xu Baixuan;Guan Zhiwei;Xu Xian;Shao Mingzhe;Cao Baolin;Tian Jiahe

2008, 29(1): 19-22.

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Objective To compare MR-diffusion weighted imaging(MR-DWI) with ^99mTc-MDP whole-body bone scan in terms of efficiency and feasibility of MR-DWI in detection of bone metastasis.Methods Twenty patients with malignant tumors and bone metastasis were enrolled.For each patient,bone scan and MR-DWI were performed within one week.The skeletal system was divided into 7 regions:skull,sternum and clavicle,scapula,ribs,spine,pelvis,limbs.Hot spots as well as cold spots in bone scan images with metastatic characteristics and signals higher than background in MR-DWI were distinguished as metastatic foci.Results Except for the spine,MR-DWI displayed fewer metastatic foci than bone scan images in each of the other 6 skeletal regions.Compared with whole-body bone scan,the detection rate of MR-DWI is 59.4%.However,MR-DWI image displayed metastatic foci in 3 cases although their bone scan images were negative.MR-DWI displayed the metastatic foci clearly in one patient with atypical "super scan" by bone scintigraphic image.Conclusion MR-DWI has good detection rate,and can act as the supplement of whole-body bone scan in bone metastasis.Combination of bone scan and MR-DWI will increase the detection rate in bone metastasis detection.

Clinical Value of Double-phase ^99mTc-MIBI Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism

Tang Ling;Ma Yunchuan;Wang Rongfu;Fu Zhanli;Fan Yan

2008, 29(1): 23-25.

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Objective To compare double phase ^99mTc-MIBI imaging with ultra-sound,CT and MRI in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism.Methods Sixty-five patients with clinical diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism were injected intravenously with 370 MBq(10 mCi) of ^99mTc-MIBI,and imaged 15 min later as early phase imaging and 120 min later as delayed phase imaging respectively.All patients under went B ultra-sound examination;20 and 11 patients underwent CT and MRI,respectively.Results Thirty-six cases among 65 patients showed high level of parathyroid homone(PTH),which was considered as diagnostic criterion for hyperparathyroidism.Among these,34 showed positive radionuclide parathyroid images,with the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of 94.4%,100% and 96.9%,respectively.Thirty-two patients showed abnormal ultra-sound results,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 88.9%,93.1% and 90.8%,respectively.Seventeen CT images and 8 MR images showed positive results,respectively.Thirty-five adenomas and 1 histo-pathologically proved hyperplastic gland were removed from 34 patients.Conclusion Double phase ^99mTc-MIBI imaging is a kind of useful and reliable approach for localization of parathyroid adenomas.Combined with other examinations,double phase ^99mTc-MIBI imaging can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of the parathyroid lesions before surgery.

Application of hPET and CT in Combination of Detection of Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Li Chunlin;Yang Jigang;Ma Daqing;Gong Min;Zou Lanfang

2008, 29(1): 26-28.

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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of hPET and CT in bronchogenic carcinoma and the application of hPET and CT in combination.Methods One hundred and ninety-two inpatients with suspected lung malignancy had hPET and CT examinations which were completed before surgery.All images were analyzed visually.It was considered positive for malignancy if the ¹⁸F-FDG uptake was increased relative to that in the adjacent lung tissue and the uptake of ¹⁸F-FDG was focal.Otherwise,it was considered negative if the ¹⁸F-FDG uptake was increased in a sheet form and the margin of the uptake was blurred.If the lung lesions had positive CT signs,they were considered as malignancy.Otherwise,they were considered benign.Results One hundred and forty-five patients were proven to have lung cancer by pathology,and 47 patients had benign lung diseases.The false-negative and false-positive rates of hPET was 49.0% and 12.1%.The false-negative and false-positive of rates CT was 50.9% and 9.5%.The false-negative and false-positive of hPET combination of CT is 17.8% and 7.6%.There were no significant differences between false-positive and false-negative rates of hPET and CT.The CT results of 41 patients(21.4%) were falsely contrasted with pathological results,but hPET results of 24 patients(58.5%) were identical with pathological results.The coincidence rates of single CT or hPET with pathological results were 78.65% and 78.13%,respectively.The coincidence rate of combined application of hPET and CT with pathological results was 91.15%.Conclusion There are no significant differences of false-positive and false-negative results between single hPET and CT,but combined application of hPET and CT can improve the correct diagnosis rate of lung lesions.

Clinical Value of ¹⁸F-FDG DHTC Comprehensive Analysis in Differential Diagnosis of Space Occupying Lesions in Lung

Wang Qian;Ding Jian;Mi Hongzhi;Lu Yao;Tan Wenjian;Bai Jiang;Zhao Jiandong;Guo Fang;Jiao Jian

2008, 29(1): 29-31.

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Objective To evaluate the clinical value of ¹⁸F-FDG DHTC comprehensive analysis in the qualitative diagnosis and differential diagnosis of space occupying lesions in lung.Methods One hundred and seventy-six patients with lung occupying lesions on the X-ray film were diagnosed by comprehensive analysis,according to the uptake of FDG and the value of T/NT in the affected area.All the results were verified with those of biopsy.Results The space occupying lesions showed markedly increased tracer uptake in 138 patients with values of T/NT 2.1～18.0.The analyses showed 132 patients with malignancy and 6 with benign tumors.Lung cancer was proved by biopsy in 129 patients and benign tumors in 9 cases.Comprehensive analyses of 38 cases showing mild uptake with the value of T/NT 1.0～1.85 showed 15 malignancy and 23 benign tumors.Confirmed by biopsy results,16 cases were malignant and 22 benign.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis by tracer uptake of lesion alone were 88.96%,70.97% and 85.80% respectively,while those of comprehensive analysis were 96.55%,77.42% and 93.18% respectively.Conclusion The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the qualitative and differential diagnosis in lung occupying lesion are improved by the ¹⁸F-FDG DHTC comprehensive analysis.

Comparison of Pulmonary V/Q SPECT and Planar V/Q Imaging in the Artificially Embolized Pig

Ren Ling;Dai Haojie;Li Mei;Luo Sha;Li Quan;Chen Huidong

2008, 29(1): 32-37.

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Objective To compare the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy between pulmonary V/Q SPECT and planar V/Q imaging using pigs with artificially engendered lung emboli labeled with ²⁰¹Tl.To investigate the value of ventilation imaging in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism(PE).To investigate the value of V/Q imaging in the diagnosis of subsegmental pulmonary embolism(PE).To understand how the different acquisition parameters of V/Q SPECT imaging,i.e.different matrix size(64×64 matrix,128×128 matrix),type of collimator(low energy general purpose collimator,high resolution collimator) and different enlargement factor used will affect the data gathering process.Methods Using different acquisition parameters in ⁹⁹Tc^m windows,SPECT and planar pulmonary perfusion imaging were done on the sixteen small experimental pigs before being embolized.Each pigs was subsequently injected with zero to 3 latex flat emboli and a planar and SPECT pulmonary ventilation imaging was performed in ⁹⁹Tc^m and ²⁰¹Tl windows,followed with planar and SPECT pulmonary perfusion imaging in ⁹⁹Tc^m windows.Lastly,X-ray、CT scan and lung autopsy were done to ascertain the definite embolus position.Results Of the 28 emboli,17 are lodged in the left lungs and 11 are located in the right lungs.The planar images of these pig,sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 75%,75% and 75%,respectively,whereas V/Q SPECT yielded 100%,75% and 96.9%,respectively.Conclusion Pulmonary V/Q SPECT imaging is more sensitive and more accurate than planar imaging,but specificity is the same for both.A combination of pulmonary ventilation imaging and perfusion imaging may enhance the diagnostic power of PE.Pulmonary V/Q SPECT imaging may enhance the diagnostic power for the detection of lesions at the subsegmental level.Using low energy general purpose collimator,128×128 matrix for planar imaging and Zoom 1.46 for SPECT will satisfy the demand of diagnosis and clinic.

Study on the Relation between Collateral Circulation and Cerebral Ischemia in Patients with Unilateral Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis or Occlusion

He Jie;Ji Xunming;Zhang Renling;Zhai Yong;Guan Yue;Xu Yinglu

2008, 29(1): 38-41.

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Objective To study the relation between collateral circulation and ischemic brain lesions in patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion.Methods Twenty-seven patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion were divided into two groups according the status of collateral circulation.Comparisons were made between the results of the two groups in cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging.Results In 4 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis and 7 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion,collateral circulation appeared,and in 13 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis and 3 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion,collateral flow could not be seen.Collateral flow appeared more frequently in the patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion than in those with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis(χ²=5.632,P=0.018).In the frontal,temporal,parietal,occipital cortices and basal ganglia,the cerebral blood flow volumes were not significantly different between the two groups.In the thalamus however,they showed significant difference(t=-2.393,P=0.025).Conclusion Ischemic brain lesions in patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion does not in accord with the degree of vascular stenosis.It would improve the understanding of the severity of middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion considerably by combining angiographic information and perfusion data.

The Application of ¹⁸F-FDG PET Imaging in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer

Wang Hongyan;Ma Yunchuan;Li Depeng;Su Yusheng;Shang Jianwen;Zhang Linying;Peng Cheng

2008, 29(1): 42-44.

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Objective To assess the value of ¹⁸F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose(FDG) PET in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Methods ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging was performed on 29 patients with suspected pancreatic malignant tumors,and 11 cases with chronic pancreatitis.The final diagnosis was proved by pathologic results(n=31) and clinical or radiologic follow-up lasted 3～12 months(n=9).PET findings were compared with the results of abdominal CT done within 2 weeks.Fasting blood sugar levels were controlled in 3.9～6.7 mmol/L in all patients at first,then 5.55 MBq/kg of ¹⁸F-FDG was injected intravenously,the transmission and emission scans were performed 40 min after injection.The images of FDG PET were analyzed visually and semi-quantitatively using standard uptake value(SUV).Results PET had a sensitivity of 96.6%(28/29) and a specificity of 81.8%(9/11)in detecting pancreatic cancer in 40 patients,while CT had 75.9%(22/29) and 54.5%(6/11),respectively.¹⁸F-FDG PET had found metastases in liver,lung and lymph nodes which were not detected with CT in 6 cases.Conclusion ¹⁸F-FDG PET is very useful in the diagnosis and clinical staging of pancreatic cancer.

Comparison between the Expressions of Apoptosis-related Factors of BT325 Human Glioblastoma and U251 Glioblastoma

Li Junjie;Zhao Jizong

2008, 29(1): 45-48.

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Objective In previous study,we have confirmed that BT325 glioblastoma underwent more severe apoptosis than U251 glioblastoma under the same apotosis inductive conditions.In order to find some explication,we planned to extract the total protein from BT325 and U251 glioblastoma cells cultured in vitro,and investigate the expression of apoptosis-related factors of these glioblastomas.Methods Fas,caspase-3,caspase-7,survivin and livin expressed by BT325 and U251 glioblastomas were investigated by Western blot.Results There were no significant difference between the expression levels of Fas of BT325 glioblastoma and U251 glioblastoma.Both caspase-3 and caspase-7 were expressed in BT325 glioblastoma,and only caspase-3 expressed in U251 glioblastoma.In addition,the expression level of caspase-3 in U251 glioblastoma was lower than that of BT325 glioblastoma.Livin is a new family member of IAP,which was discovered recently.It can combined with the activated executive factors of the downstream apoptosis signaling cascades such as caspase-3 and caspase-7 and restraining their activity,so inhibit apoptosis.Survivin is a family member of IAP with the minimal molecular weight,and also it is the strongest inhibit factor of apoptosis discovered up to now.In the test,we found survivin and livin were expressed significantly in U251 glioblastoma simultaneously,whereas only livin was expressed in BT325 glioblastoma,besides,its expression level was lower than that in U251 glioblastoma.Conclusion Apoptotic effector expressed significantly in BT325 glioblastoma and apoptotic inhibitor expressed significantly in U251.

The Segmental Heterogeneity of Dopamine-induced Ion Transport in Rat Distal Colon

Zhang Xiaohui;Chen Xin;Zhu Jinxia

2008, 29(1): 49-52.

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Objective The present study focuses on the segmental heterogeneity of dopamine(DA)-induced ion transport within rat distal colon,and the possible underlying mechanism.Methods Distal colonic mucosa was used to investigate the effect of DA in different segments of distal colon and the related receptors mediating the reaction by short circuit current(I_SC).Then the mRNA expression of the mediated receptors in the mucosa of different parts of distal colon analyzed by real time-PCR.Results DA-induced ΔI_SC in the segment near anus(lower distal colon,DC1) was(-14.32±3.14)μA/cm²,and was significantly larger than that at any other segments of distal colon(-3.19±1.44)μA/cm²(P<0.01).Dopaminergic D₁,D₂ receptor antagonist did not block the effect of DA,and nonselective α-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine could not suppress the effect also.But selective β₁adrenoceptor blocker atenolol and β₂-adrenoceptor blocker ICI 118,551 inhibited significantly the effects by 63.79%(P<0.05) and 87.27%(P<0.01) respectively,which suggested that DA-induced ΔI_SC was mediated by β₁-and β₂-adrenoceptor,but not dopaminergic receptors.The results of real time-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of β₁-and β₂-adrenoceptor in the mucosa of DC4 was 48.6%(P<0.001),and that in DC1 56.5%(P<0.05) respectively.Conclusion DA-induced ΔI_SC is predominant at DC1,and this may be due to higher expression of the mediated receptors(β₁-and β₂-adrenoceptors) in DC1 than those in DC4.The results suggest that the dopamine may play an important role in the regulation of ion transport in lower distal colon(colorectum),where the predominant expressions of adrenoceptors might be related to the formative process of some stress-related colorectal diseases.

Comparison of Brain Edema in Different Sites of Pig after Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest

Qi Hongwei;Jiang Chaoguang;Wu Mingying;Tang Chuzhong;Zhao Fenghua;Song Yang;Hu Dayi

2008, 29(1): 53-55.

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Objective Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA) has been frequently used during complex congenital heart disease and aortic surgery.DHCA causes brain edema and complications of central nervous system(CNS).Brain injury and altered psychomotor development after DHCA is still a matter of concern.The complications of CNS are not similar in different patients.It is still unclear whether these characteristics are caused by extent of brain edema among different anatomic brain sites.This study determines the variation of water content in different sites of porcine brain after DHCA.The aim to investigate whether brain edema is similar in different sites of brain after DHCA.Methods Six pigs(22～25 kg) were anesthetized,intubated and mechanically ventilated.The animals were connected to CPB by cannulation of the aorta,superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.With CPB,core cooling was initiated and continued until the nasopharyngeal temperature fell to 18 ℃.Once the temperature reached 18 ℃,the animals were treated 90 minutes with DHCA.After DHCA,the body was rewarmed 120 minutes on CPB to 36 ℃.Then the animals were killed,the brain was immediately removed.Left hippocampi,brain cortices,cerebella and medullae were partially harvested and the wet weights measured.After the water dried out(110 ℃ for 24 hours),they were weighed again and the percent of brain water content calculated.Brain edema was determined by measuring brain water content.Results Percent of brain water content was not similar among different anatomic sites.There was no significant difference between brain cortices(81.81%±1.03%) and hippocampi(83.91%±1.80%,P=0.078).But,the water content of them were significantly higher than those of cerebella(77.98%±0.66%,brain cortex versus cerebellum P=0.001,hippocampus versus cerebellum P=0.000) and medullae(74.67%±1.73%,brain cortex versus medulla P=0.000,hippocampus versus medulla P=0.000).The water content of medulla was significantly lower than those in the other sites(cerebellum versus medulla P=0.004).Electron microscopy revealed intracellular and organelle edema.Conclusion Extent of brain edema is not similar among different anatomic sites after DHCA due to different tissue structures.This phenomenon might be related to clinical patterns of CNS complications after DHCA.

Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Activities of ATPase in Brain of Rats after Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

Xu Shiming;Zhang Lijuan;Wang Hongjuan;Yan Wen;Gu Tongnan;Zhou Xiuyan;Chen Rui

2008, 29(1): 56-59.

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Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of the activities of Ca⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase in brain of Sprague-Dawlay rats after transient global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and the effects of HBO treatment after ischemia-reperfusion which will provide experimental evidence for clinical treatment with HBO for ischemic stroke.Methods Sixty-three Sprague-Dawlay rats were randomly divided into nine groups:the groups of ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) and the groups treated with hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) after ischemia-reperfusion in four phases at 6 h,24 h,48 h and 96 h respectively and sham operated groups(sham-O) as control.Global cerebral ischemia animal model was constructed by a modified four-vessel occlusion model originally described by Pulsinelli and Buchan.The homogenate of brain was collected respectively at each phase after ischemia-reperfusion.The activities of Ca⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase in the homogenate were measured.Results The activity of Ca⁺-K⁺-ATPase in 6 h HBO group was significantly higher than that of 6 h MI/R group(P<0.05) and sham-O group(P<0.01).The activities of Ca⁺-K⁺-ATPase of HBO group and I/R group returned to their normal levels at 24 h(P>0.05).The activities of Ca⁺-K⁺-ATPase in 48 h,96 h HBO groups and I/R groups of corresponding phases were significantly higher than those of sham-O groups again(P<0.05),but there was no statistically difference between HBO groups and I/R group of corresponding phases(P>0.05).The activities of Ca²⁺-ATPase in 6 h HBO group were significantly higher than those of sham-O groups(P<0.01) and they returned to normal levels in 24 h,48 h and 96 h HBO groups(P>0.05).The activities of Ca²⁺-ATPase in 6 h I/R and 48 h I/R groups were significantly higher than those of sham-O groups(P<0.01) twice and returned to normal levels in 24 h and 96 h(P>0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that the activities of Ca⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase in I/R groups both stepped up twice at acute and tardy phases after transient global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.Not only the advancing extent of Ca⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity at acute stage by hyperbaric oxygen treatment is higher than those of the corresponding I/R groups,but also Ca²⁺-ATPase activity by hyperbaric oxygen treatment recovered faster than those of the corresponding I/R groups.These experimental results reveal the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for ischemic stroke.

The Inhibition of FAS Activity and the Correlation with Total Flavonoids from Acer Truncatum Bunge Leaves in Different Seasons

Zhao Chunyang;Zhao Wenhua;Zhang Jinfeng;Wang Zhe;Zhang Yingxia

2008, 29(1): 60-63.

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Objective Acer truncatum bunge is a prominent species of Acer in the hardwood forests of north China.It has been used as a Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis,cerebrovascular diseases and angina pectoris.Animal fatty acid synthase(E.C.2.3.l.85,FAS) plays an important role in fatty acid synthesis.It was reported that FAS is selectively highly expressed in certain human cancer cells,including carcinomas of the breast,prostate,colon,ovary,endometrium and lung.FAS has been suggested as a potential new therapeutic target in the treatment of cancer and FAS inhibitors may be developed into new chemotherapeutic methods.The extracts from Aceraceae leaves are found to possess a high inhibitory activity against FAS and the correlated antitumor bioactivity has also been proved in our experiment.To examine the inhibitory activity of the leaves gathered in different seasons and the correlation with the total flavonoids content,we perform the following experiment.Methods By using colorimetric methods,the content of total flavonoids in leaves of Acer truncatum bung of different seasons was determined.The assay for FAS activity which had been described previously was performed with a Shimadzu UV2550 double wavelength/double beam spectrophotometer at 37 ℃ by following the decrease of NADPH at 340 nm.The reaction system contained 0.1 mol/L potassium phosphate buffer,pH 7.0;1.0 mol/L EDTA;1.0 mmol/L DTT;3 mmol/L acetyl-CoA;10 mmol/L malonyl-CoA;32 mmol/L NADPH and duck liver FAS 10 microg in a total volume of 2.0 mL.Results The inhibitory ability against FAS and the content of total flavonoids exhibited a positive correlation for the extract from the leaves of May,June,July,prepared with the solvent rich in ethanol.Otherwise,the correlation would not exist.Conclusion The inhibitory ability of leaves of Acer truncatum bunge at different seasons markedly differed and the extracts from the fallen leaves possess stronger inhibitory effect on FAS.It may become a more efficient,new natural source of FAS inhibitor and could find a wide application in the field of health care.

Effect of Large Dose Hyperbaric Oxygenation on Oxidative Stress and on Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Xue Lianbi;Wang Yongjun;Yu Qiuhong;Zhang Hongxia

2008, 29(1): 64-68.

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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of two kinds of large dose hyperbaric oxygenation protocol on super-early acute permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and their effects on oxidative stress of ischemic brain tissue in rats.Methods Rat'sintraluminal middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion models(MCAO) were randomly divided into two HBO groups(9 h and 18 h) and a control group.Main Outcome Measures:1) The Garcia neurological grading systems were used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of HBO.2) Twenty-four hours and 5 days after MCAO,the infarct volume was calculated with the TTC pathological staining and NIH Image J software.3) The animals of the three groups were separately examined for SOD,MDA and NO levels of ischemic brain tissue at the 18h,48 h and 5 day with spectrophotometric device.Results 1) There was significant improvement in neurobehavioral outcome of rats in 9 h and 18 h groups compared with the control group(P<0.01).2) Cerebral infarct volume decreased 63%～64% in rats of 9 h group and 66%～51% in rats of 18 h group respectively at 24 h and 5 d compared with the control group.3) The SOD level of 18 h group was remarkably lower than that of the control group at 18 h and 48 h(P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively).4) The MDA level of the 9 h and 18 h groups were both remarkably lower than the controls,especially at the 18 h point(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the level of the 9 h group was remarkably lower than both of the 18 h group and the control group(P<0.01 & P<0.05 respectively).5) The levels of NO in both HBO groups were remarkably higher than that of the control at 18 h and 48 h time points(P<0.01);while the level in 18 h group was remarkably lower than that of 9 h group at 18 h time point(P<0.05).On the 5th day,the levels of NO were basically the same in all three groups.Conclusion 1) The two kinds large dose HBO is highly efficient in reducing infarct volume and improving neurobehavioral outcome in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion at super-early stage.2) The dosage of HBO is not the longer the better,it may aggravate the oxidative stress of the ischemic tissue.

Study on the Effects of Insulin-like Growth Factor(IGF-Ⅰ) and Platelet-derived Growth Factor(PDGF ) on Fracture Healing after Traumatic Brain Injury

Tian Baopeng;Chen Wenhui;Pan Haitao;Lu Songchen

2008, 29(1): 69-73.

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Objective To investigate the levels of serum IGF-Ⅰ and PDGF and the role they played in healing of femoral fracture complicating cerebral trauma.Methods One hundred and fifty-two rats were divided into four groups randomly.They were group A,negative control;group B,cerebral traumas;group C,fracture of femur;and group D fracture of femur complicating cerebral trauma.Rat models with femoral fracture and cerebral trauma were established and blood serum collected at day 1,4,week 1,2,3 and 4 after the operations.The levels of IGF-Ⅰ and PDGF were detected by ELISA method.Results The concentrations of IGF-Ⅰ in group C had not changed significantly.The IGF-Ⅰ in group B and D changed more significantly(P<0.01).They increased positively in the first day and the maximum value was detected after four days,and decreased gradually in two weeks,however still much higher than those in groups A and C(P<0.01).After four weeks,the levels in groups B and D declined to that in group A and there was no statistical difference among those four groups then.At the first day,the PDGF levels in group B,C and D were lower than that in group A(P<0.01).Two weeks later,the PDGF levels in groups B and group C decreased to the same level as that in group A.However,there was statistical difference between group D and the other three groups(P<0.01).Conclusion The levels of IGF-Ⅰ and PDGF in serum may be involved in the fast healing process of femoral fracture complicating cerebral trauma,and there may be a synergetic relationship between IGF-Ⅰ and PDGF.

Studies on the Main Pharmacological Effects of Tongren'anshen Pill in vivo

Gao Wen;Zhong Yuqiu;Guo Jianqiang;Yao Xian;Wang Lijuan;Jin Youyu;Qi Na

2008, 29(1): 74-77.

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Objective To investigate the main pharmacological effects of Tongren'anshen Pill in vivo.Methods The mixture of the powdered ingredients(without honey) was administered peros to mice and the effects on independent activity,memory,sleeping and the prevention of nikethamide-induced convulsion and hemorrhagic anemia were observed.Results After administration of the mixture,the independent motion number of times was obviously reduced(P<0.05),but the memory was not influenced.For the nikethamide-induced convulsion,the incubation period was obviously prolonged(P<0.05).The survival time was prolonged,but not significant statistically.For the pentobarbital-induced sleeping,the sleeping-time was obviously prolonged(P<0.05).The incubation period was shortened significantly(P<0.05) and the number of mice falling a sleep under the threshold dose of pentobarbital was obviously increased(P<0.05).The Hb content in hemorrhagic mice was obviously increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Tongren'anshen Pill can tranquilize the mind and nourish the blood which are consistent with its clinical application.

Effects of L-carnitine on Ischemic-reperfusion Injury in Rabbit Cardiomyocytes in vivo

Xia Jinggang;Qu Yang;Hua Qi;Xu Dong

2008, 29(1): 78-80.

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Objective To study the antioxidation effects of L-carnitine against ischemia/reperfusion injury of rabbit cardiomyocytes in vivo and its possible mechanism.Methods Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion models were built in healthy New Zealand rabbits.Rabbits were subjected to 30 min myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion for 1 h,3 h,5 h.Anesthetized rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group(n=5) in which left anterior descending coronary artery was exposed and a piece of silk thread was placed around the artery but not tied;MI/R group(n=15,then equally subgroup) in which normal saline was infused into sublingual vein after MI;L-carnitine group(n=15,then equally subgroup) received intravenous L-carnitine 3.0 g and saline 250 mL after MI.ECG monitoring throughout the experiment,free fatty acid(FFA),myocardial Ca⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase were all observed after reperfusion.The content of heat shock protein 70(HSP 70) obtained 5 mm below the ischemia/reperfusion region throughout the myocardial layer was determined with Western blot.Results MI/R caused significant changes in ECG and FFA compared with the control groups.The L-carnitine group showed protection against MI/R injury as evidenced by more effective improvement in ST of ECG,marked increase in Ca⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATPase and marked decrease in FFA(P<0.05).The content of HSP 70 was also dramatically increased.Conclusion L-carnitine can protect cardiomyocyte from ischemia/reperfusion injury;β-oxidation with free fatty acid improves energy metablism,stabilizes cell membrane probably by inducing HSP70 which will produce antioxidation function to protect myocardial cells.

Allelic Loss in Bladder Cancer

Li Guang;Zhang Haifeng;Xu Miaosheng;Wang Quanhong

2008, 29(1): 81-84.

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Objective To better understand the genetic basis of bladder cancer progression.Methods The study examined the patterns of allelic loss with polymorphic microsatellite markers on chromosomes 9p21(D9S161,D9S171,IFNA),regions of putative tumor suppressor gene p16,and on chromosome 17p13(TP53),the p53 locus,in matched primary and metastatic bladder cancers in 18 patients.All patients underwent cystectomy for bladder cancer and were found to have regional lymph node metastases at the time of surgery.Genomic DNA was obtained from primary cancers and matched synchronous lymph node metastases using a microdissection method.Results The overall frequencies of allelic loss were 78% in primary cancers and 89% in paired metastatic cancers.The frequencies of allelic loss in the primary cancers were 86% with D9S161,67% with D9S171,71% with IFNA,and 80% with TP53.The frequencies of allelic loss in matched metastatic cancers were 100% with D9S161,62% with D9S171,71% with IFNA,and 80% with TP53.An identical pattern of allelic imbalance(allelic loss or retention) at multiple DNA loci was observed in matched primary and metastatic carcinomas in 16(88%) cases.Two case showed allelic loss in the metastases,but not in the primary cancers.Conclusion The patterns of allelic loss at chromosomes 9p21(p16) and 17p13(p53) are generally maintained during cancer progression to metastasis,and identical allelic loss in primary cancers is conserved in paired metastatic carcinomas.These data suggest that these genetic changes may be useful in establishing a diagnosis and determining tumor origins in difficult cases.

RNA Interference in Cancer Research

Cheng Shan;Xiong Ying;He Junqi

2008, 29(1): 87-95.

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RNA interference(RNAi) is a newly developed method to negatively regulate gene expression by introduction of homologous double stranded RNA(dsRNA) to specifically act on a gene's product,resulting in the formation of null or hypomorphic phenotypes.Discovered only recently,it has been utilized very successfully to inhibit many tumor cells growth by knocking down some oncogenes expression,suggesting an enthusiastic potential for therapeutic applications.In this review,it summarizes recent views about the mechanism of small interference RNA(siRNA) and microRNA production and process,and the current and future potential in cancer diagnosis and prevention.

The Progressive Study of HER2 Gene and Target Therapy in Breast Cancer

Qiao Shanshan;Wang Daye

2008, 29(1): 96-99.

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HER2 and Herceptin(anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody) are on focus of breast cancer studying recently.Many reports summaries the clinical efficacy and safety findings from clinical trials of the new anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody Herceptin,it is active when added to chemotherapy in patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer.

The Interaction of HIV-1 with the Host

Jiao Yanmei;Wu Hao

2008, 29(1): 100-102.

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) is a causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) in humans.In the last decade,the functions of HIV-1-encoded genes have been intensively studied.These studies have contributed to the development of the effective anti-AIDS drugs directing against the HIV-1-encoded enzymes,namely reverse transcriptase and protease.However,even the combination of these drugs is not sufficient enough to stop the progression of AIDS partly due to the emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 mutants as well as the severe side effects.Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which cellular factors support the efficient replication of HIV-1 should contribute to develop means to control the progression of AIDS.Here we review the host factors involved in the replication of HIV-1 and highlight some findings that have a substantial impact on the retroviral research.

Targeting Thrombolytic Oligopeptide

Zhao Yisong;Zhao Ming

2008, 29(1): 103-105.

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The targeting thrombolytic effects of P6A(ARPAK) and its derivatives,RGD peptides,nitronyl nitroxide containing peptides are reviewed.P6A,one of the degradation products from fibrinogen,is known to increase microvascular permeability and have thrombolytic effects.Its derivatives and degradation products also have potent thrombolytic effects.RGD is the key sequence in the binding of fibrinogen to platelet.The binding leads to thrombosis.Coupling RGD sequence to thrombolytic oligopeptide gives targeting thrombolytic oligopeptide.Sometimes the ischemia/reperfusion injury by free radicals is beyond thrombus itself.Binding free radical scavenger with thrombolytic oligopeptide gives peptide with two fold effects

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