Table of Content

21 June 2025, Volume 46 Issue 3

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Comparison of the prognostic value of 15 nutritional/inflammatory indicators in postoperative cancer patients

Liu Xiaoqian, Sun Kai, Wang Xiaolin, Zhao Qianqian, Wu Xiaoxiao, Shen Fangqi, Chen Xi, Tian Chenxu, Wu Di, Song Chunhua, Xu HongXia, Cong Minghua, Shi Hanping, Jia Pingping

2025, 46(3):  410-419.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.003

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Objective  To explore and identify the nutritional/inflammatory indicator with the highest predictive potential for overall survival (OS) in postoperative tumor patients so as to provide guidance for postoperative rehabilitation of tumor patients. Methods  Data from 3 191 surgical patients were collected, including 15 nutritional/inflammatory indicators. The maximum selection rank statistic method was used to calculate the optimal cut-off values for continuous indicators. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess OS, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the association between the aforementioned 15 indicators and survival. The predictive value of these 15 indicators was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and C-index. Results  Multivariate analysis showed that all 15 indicators were significantly associated with poorer OS in surgical patients (P<0.05 for all). Time-dependent area under the curve (AUC) and C-index analysis indicated that 3 indicators with the highest predictive potential in OS in postoperative tumor patients were the nutritional risk index (NRI) (C-index: 0.597), C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) (C-index: 0.587), and C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR) (C-index: 0.587). The optimal cut-off value for NRI was determined to be 104.31 (i.e., NRI<104.31 suggests malnutrition) with the maximum selection rank statistic method, the optimal cut-off value for CAR to be 0.05 (i.e., CAR≥0.05 suggests a strong inflammatory response, often accompanied by malnutrition), and the optimal cut-off value for CLR to be 1.18 (i.e., CLR≥1.18 suggests a strong inflammatory response). Subgroup analysis indicated that NRI, CAR, and CLR had good correlation with tumor staging, and there were significant differences between tumor node metastasis (TNM) Ⅲ/Ⅳ stage patients and TNM Ⅰ/Ⅱ stage patients when there was a strong inflammatory response or malnutrition. Conclusion In postoperative tumor patients, NRI, CLR, and CAR have high prognostic value. Combining  these with the patient's clinical stage, it enables more precise guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. 

Clinical efficacy analysis of hetrombopag in the treatment of cancer therapy included thrombocytopenia for germ cell tumors

Li Yawei, Yang Shoubo, Yin Shuo, Li Wenbin, Chen Feng

2025, 46(3):  420-426.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.004

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Objective  To retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of combined hetrombopag in the treatment of cancer therapy induced thrombocytopenia （CTIT） after chemotherapy for germ cell tumors. Methods  The data of patients with CTIT ≥ grade Ⅲ combined with chemotherapy for intracranial germ cell tumors admitted from January 2021 to March 2024 were collected and analyzed, and 33 patients met the enrollment criteria. The patients in the study group were treated with oral hetrombopag combined with subcutaneous injections of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) or interleukin-11 (IL-11), and those in the control group were treated with subcutaneous injections of rhTPO or IL-11. The differences of the two groups of patients in platelet counts, platelet-raising response rate, mean onset of action time, and prolongation of the next cycle of treatment before and after the treatment were compared to each other, and the adverse reactions of the two groups were also counted. Results  The platelet counts of patients in both groups were improved post-treatment, with no statistical significance between the two groups for platelet count elevation on days d1, d2, and d3 of the medication (P>0.05). The platelet elevation counts of the study group were significantly elevated on day d(7 ± 3) after the medication compared with the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05), and the rate of platelet elevation response increased with time prolongation. The mean time to onset of drug administration was 3（3，5） in the study group and 4（3，7）in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The incidence of prolongation of the time to the next cycle of treatment was 54.5% in the study group and 81.8% in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Two patients in the study group developed mild reversible liver function abnormalities. Conclusion  The efficacy of hetrombopag combined with subcutaneous injection of t rhTPO or IL-11 in the treatment of thrombocytopenia after chemotherapy for intracranial germ cell tumors is reliable, and it can significantly elevate platelet counts with tolerable adverse effects.

Comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of different regimens in the treatment of AIDS-related Burkitt lymphoma: a single-center retrospective study

Wang Qinglian, Teng Ying, Qiao Wenying, Chen Jinglong, Ding Xiaoyan

2025, 46(3):  427-435.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.005

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Objective  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the dose-adjusted etoposide, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide with vincristine, prednisone and rituximab without radiotherapy (DA-EPOCH-R) regimen versus the modified cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate (CODOX-M/IVAC-R) regimen in the treatment of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Methods  This single-center retrospective cohort study included 41 patients diagnosed with AIDS-related BL at Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from December 2010 to June 2022. Among them, 26 patients received the DA-EPOCH-R regimen (observation group), and 15 patients received the modified CODOX-M/IVAC-R regimen (control group). Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, toxicities, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Prognostic risk factors were assessed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results  Of the 41 enrolled patients, 97.6% were male, with a median age of 43 years. The baseline median CD4+ cell count was below 200 cells/ μL in 41.5% of patients. After a median follow-up of 17 months, the complete response (CR) rate was significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (57.7% vs 33.3%). The median overall survival (OS) was also significantly prolonged in the observation group (18.0 months) versus the control group (6.7 months, 95% CI: 5.0－16.6) (P<0.001). Treatment-related mortality was notably lower in the observation group (0% vs. 26.7%, P<0.01). Conclusion  Compared to the modified CODOX-M/IVAC-R regimen, the DA-EPOCH-R regimen demonstrates superior survival benefits and enhanced safety in the treatment of AIDS-related BL, suggesting it as the preferred chemotherapy option for this patient population. 

B cell receptor signaling pathway and its therapeutic implications in B-cell lymphoma

Wang Jingwen, Li Zhenjun, Lyu Liangcheng, Yao Xiaoyu, Ding Ning

2025, 46(3):  436-441.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.006

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B-cell lymphomas account for 70%－80% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas（NHL） and exhibit significant heterogeneity in genetic profiles, phenotypic characteristics, and clinical manifestations, posing substantial challenges for clinical management. The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane receptor on the surface of B cells that plays a central regulatory role in B-cell development, activation, and adaptive immune responses. As a core mechanism driving malignant transformation in various B-cell malignancies, aberrant activation of the BCR signaling pathway, plays a pivotal role in B lymphoma pathogenesis. Dysregulated BCR signaling not only promotes tumor cell proliferation, survival, and anti-apoptotic capacity but also accelerates malignant progression. Consequently, researchers are vigorously exploring therapeutic strategies targeting BCR and its downstream pathways, including inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and PI3K, as well as direct BCR-targeted approaches. The central role of BCR signaling in lymphoma pathogenesis and treatment underscores its potential as a critical focus for future therapeutic development, offering new directions and hope for improved clinical outcomes.

Advances in the role of STAT3 in tumor immunology

Zhang Wenxiu, Xiong Yang, Yu Minghang, Wang Xi

2025, 46(3):  442-447.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.007

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Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are nuclear transcription factors that regulates expression of genes that  are involved in cell cycle, cell survival, and cancer-related immune response. Activated STAT3 may participate in oncogenesis by stimulating cell proliferation, resisting apoptosis and promoting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, abnormal activation of STAT3 is associated with poor tumor prognosis. Recent advances have revealed a crucial role of persistent activation of STAT3 in cancer progression and immune escape. STAT3 is also an important driver of mediated immune escape in tumor immunity, so it has become an effective target in immunotherapy. Therefore, STAT3 became frequently studied targets for more specific cancer immunotherapies. This article elaborated the multiple functions of STAT3 in innate immunity, adaptive immunity and tumor immunity.  Further, it put forward to the prospects and issues that urgently need to be addressed in the future.

The progress in the role and application of neutrophils in glioma

Jiang Haiping, Yin Shuo, Li Shenglan, Li Wenbin

2025, 46(3):  448-454.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.008

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Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the human body and play different roles in various diseases. The studies have shown that inflammation is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. As an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), neutrophils play a crucial role in tumors and have a dual effect of promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. This article  deeply discusses the recruitment and subtypes of neutrophils, as well  their dual effects on tumors. Meanwhile,  it  illustrates   the role and clinical significance of neutrophils in gliomas. The therapeutic approach of targeting neutrophils in tumors provides a new direction for subsequent tumor treatment. Especially for central nervous system tumors, neutrophils as carriers can transport chemotherapeutic drugs across the blood-brain barrier to reach the tumor tissue, offering new hope for the subsequent treatment of brain tumors. 

Abnormal top-down and bottom-up attention patterns in patients  suffering from coronary heart disease with heart qi deficiency syndrome

Huo Bixiu, Jia Hongxiao, , Ning Yanzhe, Zheng Sisi

2025, 46(3):  455-462.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.009

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Objective  To explore the abnormality of top-down and bottom-up attention patterns in patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with heart-qi deficiency syndrome based on the theory of “five spirits”. Methods  From July 2024 to December 2024, 30   CHD patients with heart-qi deficiency syndrome were recruited, and 30 subjects without CHD  as the control group according to the principle of matching age, sex and years of education. Two groups of subjects were tested with top-down and bottom-up spatial cueing paradigm. Results  Compared with the control group, CHD patients  with heart-qi deficiency syndrome had longer valid reaction time(vRT) and lower average reaction time difference value  (△RT) in top-down test (P<0.05), and longer vSRT in bottom-up test. Correlation analysis showed that heart-qi deficiency syndrome score was positively correlated with top-down test indexes invalid reaction time (ivRT) (P<0.05)， negatively  correlated with △RT (P<0.01) and valid accurany（vAC ）(P<0.05). It was positively correlated with valid long reaction time (vLRT) (P<0.01) and invalid long reaction time (ivLRT) (P<0.01). Generalized linear model analysis showed that non-CHD subjects had shorter vRT (P<0.01) and larger △RT (P<0.05) than CHD patients for top-down test. For bottom-up tests, non-CHD subjects had shorter vSRT than CHD patients (P<0.05). Conclusion  The change of top-down and bottom-up attention patterns in CHD patients  with heart-qi deficiency syndrome provides a modern neuropsychological basis for the theory of “heart stores spirits ”.

A study on the distribution patterns of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types in antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome

Xian Shulian, Jia Hongxiao, Li Xue, Wang Di, Song Mingkang, Yin Dongqing, Jiang Hairong

2025, 46(3):  463-470.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.010

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Objective  To explore the distribution patterns of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with metabolic syndrome caused by antipsychotic drugs.Methods  A standardized TCM syndrome survey was performed to collect diagnostic information from 160 patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome due to antipsychotic drug use. Subsequent frequency analysis, cluster analysis, and Bayesian network analysis were carried out. The syndrome pattern distribution was ultimately determined through relevant literatures and expert opinions. Results  Five TCM syndromes were identified through frequency, cluster, and Bayesian network analyses. The most common syndrome was qi deficiency with phlegm-dampness (30%), followed by spleen deficiency with phlegm-Heat (23.75%), qi and yin deficiency Pattern (21.88%), yin deficiency with damp-heat (17.50%), and stomach fire hyperactivity pattern(6.88%).Conclusion  The pathogenesis of antipsychotics-induced metabolic syndrome involves a complex interplay of deficiency and excess factors. The primary disease is mainly located at the spleen and stomach, with involvement of the liver, kidney, and heart. Pathogenic factors include qi deficiency, yin deficiency, dampness, heat, pathogenic fire, and phlegm.

Research on  core syndrome of generalized anxiety disorder in traditional Chinese medicine: based on network analysis method

Li Xue, Jia Hongxiao, Zhu Hong, Feng Zhengtian, Zheng Sisi, Wu Ziyao, Duan Yuhang

2025, 46(3):  471-478.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.011

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Objective  To analyze the core syndromes of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), explore the core pathogenesis, and offer innovative perspectives and practical strategies for the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment of GAD. Methods  The basic information of GAD patients was collected, and depression symptoms were evaluated with Hamilton Anxiety Scale to evaluate anxiety symptoms, Hamilton Depression Scale, and the TCM psychiatric and somatic symptoms were evaluated with Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Observation Form. Based on the data collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine symptom observation table, the systematic clustering method was used to cluster the symptoms with a frequency greater than 10%, determine the disease type syndrome and disease location syndrome, and form a syndrome symptom relationship table. According to this table, the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score of each patient is calculated. The complex network analysis was carried out to evaluate core syndromes and analyze the relationships between core syndromes and psychiatric symptoms and core syndromes and other syndromes.  Results  A total of 517 patients with GAD were included. There were 81 symptoms with a frequency of more than 10%, including 21 psychological symptoms and 60 physical symptoms. The clustering analysis led to  a total of 12 syndromes, including 6 pathological syndromes, namely yin deficiency, heat, phlegm dampness, qi stagnation, blood stasis, and qi deficiency, and 6 disease location syndromes, namely liver, spleen, kidney, gallbladder, stomach, and heart. The results of complex network analysis show that the core pathological syndrome of GAD is kidney, and the core pathological syndrome is yin deficiency. The joint analysis of pathological syndrome and pathological syndrome network suggests that yin deficiency is the core of the integrated network. The relationship between yin deficiency syndrome and various organs is in the order of kidney, spleen, gallbladder, liver, heart, and stomach. The syndrome element of yin deficiency has the highest correlation with being easily frightened, excessive thinking, indecisiveness, repetitive behavior, and groundless worry. The kidney syndrome has the highest correlation with the symptoms such as being easily scared, unfounded worry, repetitive actions, excessive rumination, and restlessness.  Conclusion  The core pathological pattern of GAD is kidney and the core pathological pattern is yin deficiency. Kidney yin deficiency may be the core pathogenesis of GAD.

Qingre Jiedu recipe in the treatment of bipolar depression with the syndrome of internal stagnation of fire-heat: a randomized double-blind controlled trial

Yin Dongqing, Jia Hongxiao, , Li Xue, Zheng Sisi, Ning Yanzhe

2025, 46(3):  479-486.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.012

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingre Jiedu recipe in the treatment of bipolar depression. Methods  A randomized, double-blind, Chinese medicine and western medicine placebo control design was used in this study. Totally 80 subjects with bipolar depression and fiery internal depression that met the enrollment criteria, were divided into the experimental group (EG, 40 cases of western medicine simulation tablets + Chinese medicine formula granules) and the control group (CG, 40 cases of western medicine + Chinese medicine placebo) according to a 1∶1 ratio  at last, 7 cases dropped out after enrollment, EG 36 cases, CG 37 cases. TCM Heat Internal Depression Syndrome  (TCMHIDS), Hamilton Depression Scale-24 Item (HAMD-24), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hypomania Checklist-33 (HCL-33), Young Manic Rating Scale (YMRS) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) scores were assessed at baseline and at the 2nd, 4th and 8th week after treatment. Important signs and adverse events were recorded. Blood routine, hepatic and renal function, urine routine and electrocardiogram were performed during the screening period and the 8th week after treatment. For the patients who dropped out of the examination program, the examination item are identical to those at week 8. The primary outcome measure was the change in HAMD score from baseline to 8th week. Secondary outcome evaluation indicators included the changes of TCMHIDS, HAMA, HCL-33 and YMRS scores from baseline to 8th week. Results  The scores of the HAMD-24 between EG and CG decreased significantly compared with the baseline at different time-point, and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. However, the scores of the EG on the HAMD-24 decreased more significantly compared with the CG at the 4th and 8th week, and this difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. The TCMHIDS and HAMD scores between two groups decreased compared with the baseline at different time-point, and this difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. However, the TCMHIDS and HAMD scores of the EG decreased more significantly  ot the 4th and 8th week, compared with the CG, and this difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. Both YMRS and HCL-33 scores decreased more significantly between two groups at different time-point, compared with the baseline, and this differences was statistically significant, but there was no difference between two groups. Conclusion  TCM Qingre Jiedu recipe  could effectively relieve depression and anxiety mood of bipolar depression, with more advantages than western medicine. In addition, it showed a certain effect on hypomania or manic-related symptoms of bipolar disorder, No risk of turning to hypomania or manic, better safety and less adverse reactions were observed.

Investigation on the mechanism of Huatan Anshen Decoction to improve neuronal apoptosis based on NLRP3/IL-18/NF-κB pathway

Li Yue, Chen Junyu, Chang Chunlei, Zhang Jing

2025, 46(3):  487-495.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.013

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Objective  To elucidate the mechanism by which Huatan Anshen decoction inhibits neuronal apoptosis through modulation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-18 (IL-18) / nuclear factor-activated B cell κ-light chain (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods  The HT22 cell line derived from mouse hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro, and serum containing Huatan Anshen Decoction was prepared from C57 mice after intragastric administration. The optimal concentration of Huatan Anshen Decoction serum for intervention was determined with the CCK-8 method. Following treatment with different concentrations of drug-containing serum, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce apoptosis in HT22 cells. Cell damage and apoptosis were assessed with the CCK-8 assay and Annexin V/PI staining. Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction  was employed to measure the expression levels of NF-κB,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing (ASC), NLRP3, and Caspase-1, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect IL-18 expression. The experiments was repeated after overexpression of NRLP3 to conduct single gene function verification. Results  Serum containing Huatan Anshen Decoction significantly improved LPS-induced cellular damage and apoptosis in HT22 cells while reduced cellular L-lactate dehydrogenase, (L-LDH) levels (P<0.05).Transcriptional expression of proteins related to the NLRP3/IL-18/NF-κB signaling pathway showed significant downregulation(P<0.05). Additionally, it markedly decreased intracellular IL-18 levels. Furthermore, overexpression of NF-κB reversed the inhibitory effect of Huatan Anshen decoction-containing serum on HT22 cell apoptosis (P<0.05). Conclusion  Huatan Anshen Decoction can improve neuronal apoptosis via suppressing the NLRP3/IL-18/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Research progress of cognitive function decline in patients with coronary heart disease

Huo Bixiu, Jia Hongxiao, , Ning Yanzhe

2025, 46(3):  496-502.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.014

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Coronary heart disease (CHD) imposes a high  disease burden in China and it is still increasing significantly. There is a two-way connection between the heart and the brain, and the premature and rapid decline of cognitive function in patients with CHD has attracted increasing interesting from researchers, but clinical professionals often pay more attention to heart-related symptoms and ignore the impact of cognitive function decline on the quality of life of patients with CHD. This article reviews the current research progresses of cognitive decline in CHD patients from the aspects of manifestation, influencing factors, pathological mechanism and intervention measures. It offers a reference for medical professionals to understand this problem more deeply.

The effect of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products on protein changes and function in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion based on proteomics

Jiang Xue, Yu Panpan, Zeng Xiangjun, Guo Caixia

2025, 46(3):  503-510.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.015

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Objective  To investigate the effects of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) on the changes and functions of myocardial tissue proteins in mice during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R). Methods  Establish the myocardial I/R model using cardiac-specific sRAGE transgenic mice, and apply proteomic methods to detect the types and levels of protein expression in myocardial tissue. Results  Compared with the I/R+sRAGE KI^fl/fl group, the I/R+sRAGE CKI group had 59 upregulated proteins and 42 downregulated proteins in myocardial tissue. The volcano plot showed that the significantly upregulated proteins were lghg1, lgh2b, Mcm7, and Nifk, and the significantly downregulated proteins were Abca7, Colla2, Ablim1, Crebrf, and Kcp, respectively. The subcellular localization results showed that the proteins with significant changes were mainly distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm, extracellular space, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeleton, and others. The results of functional enrichment showed that the significantly changed proteins were mainly involved in regulating signal transduction, cell motility, metabolism, infectious diseases, tumors and the immune system. Conclusions  RAGE can inhibit myocardial I/R injury by increasing or decreasing target proteins involved in regulating intracellular and extracellular signal transduction processes following myocardial I/R.

Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (Nt5e/CD73) gene knockout exacerbates vascular remodeling and inflammatory response in mice after intravenous transplantation

Liu Tingting, Shi Hongtao, Xu Hui, Du jie, Piao Chunmei

2025, 46(3):  511-519.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.016

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Objective  To examine the phenotypic characteristics of Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (Nt5e/CD73) gene knockout mice in restenosis of blood vessels after vein transplantation so as to identify potential targets for early diagnosis and drug treatment of vascular restenosis after clinical coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods  CD73 gene knockout mice aged 8-10 weeks were used as the experimental group, and the littermate wild-type mice were used as the control group. Using the inferior vena cava of mice as a donor, we transplanted to the right carotid artery of allogeneic mice with a trocar method to establish a mouse inferior vena cava carotid artery vascular transplantation model. At the 4th week post-model establishment, we systematically evaluated the patency of the transplanted blood vessels, the formation of the vascular intima, the proliferation of the media, the morphology of the elastin layer, and the expression of inflammatory factors. The vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the inferior vena cava of mice were isolated in vitro, and the migration and proliferation were assessed with CD73 inhibitor adenosine 5'-(alpha, beta-methylene) diphosphate (APCP). Results  In CD73 knockout mice, neointima formation was impaired, the elastic fiber layer was disrupted and lost, and medial smooth muscle cells proliferated more actively. These changes ultimately led to decreased vascular wall elasticity and increased blood flow resistance. The immunohistochemical staining results suggest that in CD73 gene knockout mice the transplanted vein tissue showed extensive infiltration of Mac-2 positive macrophages, and the expression of cytokines interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), IL-6, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) was significantly increased. CD73 deficiency exacerbated inflammatory responses and vascular remodeling in venous tissues. Scratch wound healing and cell proliferation assays revealed that CD73 inhibition promoted VSMCs proliferation, yet concurrently impaired their migratory capacity. Conclusion  Knockout of the CD73 gene exacerbates vascular remodeling and inflammatory response in vein grafts, offering crucial insights for the precise diagnosis and targeted treatment of patients with CD73 gene defects undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery in clinical practice.

Analysis of stroke-related risk factors among urban community residents: A case-control study based on propensity score matching

Ren Qianwei, Zhou Siyi, Jin Xinyue, Guo Fuzhen, Guan Zhongjun

2025, 46(3):  520-526.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.017

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Objective  To analyze stroke-related risk factors and their impact on urban community residents in Beijing, focusing on chronic diseases, psychological health, and quality of life, to provide evidence for community screening and intervention strategies. Methods  Data were collected from residents aged 50+ in 19 communities by using questionnaires and a WeChat App. Propensity score matching (PSM) balanced baseline characteristics. Logistic regression (univariate and stepwise) and mediation effect analysis were conducted by using SPSS and R. Results  After PSM, 87 stroke cases and 348 controls showed balanced baseline characteristics. The stroke group had higher chronic disease prevalence and lower psychological and quality of life scores. Hypertension increased stroke risk (P=0.002). Cognitive-12 Scale (Cog-12) was positively, and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) negatively, associated with stroke (P<0.001). Hypertension mediated stroke risk through Cog-12 and EQ-5D, with EQ-5D contributing 26.72%. Conclusion  In this urban community study, stroke prevention should focus on managing chronic diseases, improving cognitive health and quality of life, and addressing psychological health. Digital tools can enhance follow-up and assessment, optimizing community-based stroke management strategies.

Micro RNA-338-3p regulates proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells through ERBB2

Jing Fang, Jing Chao

2025, 46(3):  527-537.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.018

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Objective  To investigate the effect of microRNA (miR)-338-3p on the biological behavior of ovarian cancer (OC) cells by targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2). MethodsThe expression levels of miR-338-3p and ERBB2 were collected from the cancerous and adjacent tissues of 45 OC patients. A2780, SKOV3, OVCAR3, and IOSE-80 cells were cultured in vitro, and the expression of miR-338-3p and ERBB2 was analyzed and compared, the targeting relationship between miR-338-3p and ERBB2 was also analyzed. A2780 cells were randomly separated into A2780 group (normal A2780 cells), negative control (NC) group (A2780 cells transfected with miR-NC); miR-338-3p group (transfected with miR-338-3p mimic), PcDNA3.1+miR-338-3p group (transfected with miR-338-3p mimic+pcDNA3.1), and PcDNA3.1-ERBB2 group (transfected with miR-338-3p mimic+pcDNA3.1-ERBB2). The proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of cells in each group were analyzed, and the expression of ERBB2 protein and proliferation and apoptosis related proteins were measured. A2780 cells were injected into the right axilla of nude mice, and were recorded as model group, NC group, miR-338-3p group, pcDNA3.1+miR-338-3p group, miR-338-3p+ERBB2 group, with 6 cells in each group. After 6 weeks of feeding, the mice were killed and the tumor tissue was taken, and the volume and quality were measured. The expression of ERBB2 in tumor tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results  The expression of miR-338-3p in OC tissues and cell lines was lower than that in adjacent tissues and IOSE-80 cells, while the expression of ERBB2 mRNA and protein was higher than that in adjacent tissues and IOSE-80 cells (P<0.05). There was a targeting relationship between miR-338-3p and ERBB2, and miR-338-3p negatively regulated ERBB2 expression. After transfection with miR-338-3p mimic, the numbers of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, the expression of ERBB2, B-cellymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) proteins decreased, while the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bcl-2 associated X (bax) protein increased (P<0.05). Transfection of ERBB2 overexpression plasmid was able to increase the numbers of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, the expression of ERBB2, Bcl-2, p-ERK1/2, MMP-9 proteins, and increase the apoptosis rate and the expression of bax protein (P<0.05). Compared with model group and NC group, tumor mass, volume and ERBB2 expression in tumor tissues of miR-338-3p group were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with miR-338-3p group and pcDNA3.1+miR-338-3p group, ERBB2 expression in tumor tissues of miR-338-3p group was decreased (P<0.05). The tumor mass, volume and the expression of ERBB2 in tumor tissues of miR-338-3p+ERBB2 group were increased (P<0.05). Conclusion  miR-338-3p may target and regulate ERBB2, thereby inhibiting the growth and apoptosis of OC cells.

Inhibitory effect of probiotics on febrile seizures in rats through inhibiting NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome in hippocampus

He Nan, Wang Yalong

2025, 46(3):  538-544.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.019

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Objective  To investigate the effect of probiotics on febrile seizures (FS) in rats and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome activation in hippocampus. Methods  A total of 120 rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a model group, and a probiotic treatment group, with 40 rats in each group. FS rat models were established in both the model group and the probiotic group. The probiotic group was administered with microecological preparations via gavage, while the model group and the control group were fed with distilled water. After the intervention, the model group and the probiotic group were subjected to a hot water bath stimulus again to induce a secondary FS episode. Relevant indicators were recorded, and samples were collected for detection and analysis. Results  For the blank group, the structure of neurons in hippocampus was complete, the morphology was regular, and the size is uniform. For the model group, hippocampal zones varied in width, cell number in hippocampus decreased, and the arrangement of hippocampal neurons was irregular. For the probiotics group, cell number in hippocampus were more than the model group, and the changes in the structure were fewer than those in the model group. Compared with the model group, the latent time of FS was significantly longer, the duration of FS was significantly shorter, and the level of FS was significantly lower in the probiotics group (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of NLRP3, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) proteins in hippocampal tissues and serum of the probiotic group were significantly fewer than those in the model group but significantly higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus decreased sequentially from the control group to the probiotic group and then to the model group, while the numbers of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis increased correspondingly, with statistically significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The levels of dia mine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate, and NO in serum of the probiotic group were lower than those in the model group but higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences between groups (P<0.05). Conclusion  Probioticseffectively alleviate FS episodes by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reducing inflammatory cytokine levels, modulating intestinal microbiota composition, and preserving intestinal barrier function, providing a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of FS.

Analysis of clinical features and prognosis in pediatric malignant solid tumors of head and neck in single-center

Yang Peiyi, Duan Chao, Wang Shengcai, Jin Mei, Zhang Dawei, Fu Libing, Yu Tong, Liu Zhikai, Ma Xiaoli, Ni Xin, Su Yan

2025, 46(3):  545-552.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.020

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Objective  To summarize the clinical features and prognosis of children suffered from malignant solid tumors of head and neck. Methods  The clinical data of children with primary malignant solid tumors located in the head and neck was retrospectively analyzed from January 2007 to December 2021 in the Department of Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, and the clinical features, prognostic factors were summarized. Results  A total of 234 children with malignant solid tumors of head and neck were included, with a male to female ratio of 1∶0.7, aged from 3 months to 17 years and 6 months (median age 51 months). 173 cases (73.9%) were treated with local painless masses. Other symptoms included snoring and facial paralysis. The proportion of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was the highest (145 cases, 62.0%), followed by neuroblastoma (NB) (25 cases, 10.7%), Ewing sarcoma (19 cases, 8.1%), etc. A total of 47 cases (20.1%) had distant metastasis. The patients received surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy under the mode of multidisciplinary treatment (MDT). The 3-year and 5-year overall survival(OS) were 80.8% and 75.8%, respectively, and the 3-year and 5-year progression free survival(PFS) were 64.0% and 58.9%, respectively. Tumor survivors had abnormal appearance or facial motor function (49 cases, 41.2%), developmental problems or abnormal tooth loss (18 cases, 15.1%), and other long-term complications that may be related to the tumor or treatment. Conclusion  There are various pathologic types of pediatric head and neck malignant solid tumors, RMS and NB are the most common. Local painless mass was the most common complaint. Distant metastasis is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of head and neck malignant solid tumors. Under the MDT model, the prognosis of malignant solid tumors of the head and neck in our center was generally good. In the treatment of the tumors, the side effects and sequelae should be controlled as small as possible under the premise of long-term survival.

Application value of low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps in thyroid cancer surgery

Meng Lingzhao, Qu Xiaopeng, Tao Pengyu, Yang Fan, Rao Yuansheng, Wang Ru, Fang Jugao

2025, 46(3):  553-558.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.021

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Objective  To explore the application value of low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps in open thyroid cancer surgery. Methods  The clinical data of 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps by our team from May 2021 to October 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. And 30 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with monopolar electrocautery + ultrasonic scalpel were selected as the control group. The surgical procedures for both groups were thyroid lobectomy, isthmus resection + ipsilateral level VI lymph node dissection. The age, gender, body mass index(BMI), tumor TNM stage, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, 48 h postoperative drainage volume, and surgical complications of the two groups were compared. Results  There were no significant differences in age, gender, BMI, and tumor TNM stage between the two groups. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, 48 h postoperative drainage volume, and the incidence of postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism in the low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps group were significantly less than those in the control group（P<0.05）. There were no occurrences of postoperative subcutaneous hematoma, permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, and permanent hypoparathyroidism in both groups. Conclusion  In thyroid cancer surgery, low-temperature plasma bipolar forceps can not only achieve fine detailed operations, but also effectively protect the blood supply of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, and parathyroid glands. It has less trauma and a faster postoperative recovery, and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Clinical application of adiponectin in gestational diabetes mellitus and the establishment of an early risk model

Bai Jing, Qin Yichuan, Liu Yu, Liu Xiangyi

2025, 46(3):  567-575.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.023

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Objective  To investigate the early prediction efficacy of adiponectin (ADPN) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to explore new indicators for the early diagnosis of GDM and risk models for early prediction. Methods  A cohort of 486 pregnant women in early pregnancy (7－12 weeks) was selected from July to November 2023 at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. According to the diagnostic criteria of GDM recommended by the International Association for the study of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) in 2010,  mid-pregnancy pregnancies were divided into GDM group (150 cases) and non-GDM group (336 case). ADPN, insulin (IR), fasting glucose (GLU), and glycated albumin (GA) were collected in early pregnancy, and the  homeostatic model assessment of adiponectin (HOMA-AD), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) were calculated. The differences in ADPN, HOMA-AD, and HOMA-IR between the two groups were analyzed and compared, and the value of each type of index in predicting GDM was analyzed with the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, and the predictive risk model was established by combining the relevant indexes.  Results  There was a statistically significant difference between the GDM and non-GDM groups in ADPN in early pregnancy (P<0.05). The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of ADPN for early prediction of GDM positivity was 0.723, with a cutoff value 13.38 mg/L. There was a statistically significant difference between the GDM and non-GDM groups in HOMA-AD (P=0.000). The AUC of HOMA-AD for early prediction of GDM was 0.815, with the cutoff value 3.024. Combining GLU, HOMA-AD, HOMA-IR, and HSI in a Logistic regression model improved predictive performance across several metrics, with the final test set of AUC=0.829, accuracy=0.740, sensitivity=0.913, negative predictive value=0.833. Conclusion  ADPN levels were reduced in the GDM group compared to the non-GDM group, and the diagnostic efficacy of a single ADPN was poor when it was used for early prediction of the onset of GDM. The HOMA-AD level of the GDM group was lower than that of the non-GDM group, and HOMA-AD was negatively correlated with the disease, which was more effective than ADPN, HOMA-IR, and HIS in the early prediction of GDM. HOMA-AD could be used in combination with these indexes to establish a diagnostic and predictive model to improve the effectiveness of the prediction.

Analysis of clinical characteristics of 470 cases of esophageal foreign body impaction by gastroscopy intervention in adults

Song Jiugang, Wang Chunsaier, Zhang Qian, Li Peng, Zhang Shutian

2025, 46(3):  576-580.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.024

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Objective  To analyze the clinical characteristics of esophageal foreign body impaction by gastroscopy intervention in adults. Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 470 patients who underwent gastroscopic intervention for esophageal foreign bodies at the Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2019 to January 2024. The patients' gender, age, underlying esophageal conditions, date of endoscopic examination, type of anesthesia, the type, size, and shape of the foreign bodies, as well as the severity of complications were compared and analyzed in this study. Results  The median age of the patients was 62.5, with an equal male-to-female ratio of 1∶1. Totally 63.40% endoscopic examination were performed on weekdays. Local pharyngeal anesthesia was used in 96.17% of patients. The upper esophagus was the most common site of impaction (61.7%). Esophageal strictures were detected in 19.36% of patients during endoscopy. The size of the foreign bodies ranged from 0.4 cm to 13 cm, with an average of （2.44±1.03）cm. The most common foreign bodies were animal bones such as fish, chicken, and duck bones (47.02%), followed by jujube pits (19.36%). Female patients were significantly more likely to have jujube pit impactions (P<0.001). Two pressure points were identified in 28.94% of the foreign bodies. Mild complications related to foreign body impaction occurred in 416 cases (88.51%), while severe complications occurred in 54 cases (11.49%). Among those with severe complications, a higher proportion were elderly (P=0.009), female (P=0.045), had foreign bodies larger than 2.0 cm (P<0.05), jujube pits and had foreign bodies with two pressure points (P<0.001). Swallowing jujube pits and having foreign bodies larger than 3.0 cm were independent risk factors for severe complications. Conclusion  Elderly patients, female patients, foreign bodies larger than 2.0 cm, foreign bodies with two pressure points, and jujube pits are more likely to develop severe esophageal complications. Early endoscopic intervention is recommended for patients with these characteristics.

Resting energy expenditure of overweight and obese people and its correlation with body compositions

Huang Min

2025, 46(3):  581-585.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.03.025

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Objective  To analyze the correlation between resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition in overweight and obese people. Methods  A retrospective analysis was performed on overweight and obese people who underwent metabolic vehicle and body composition examination in Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2021 to June 2022. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry, and body composition was measured by body composition analyzer. The measured REE values were compared with calculated body composition values, and the correlation between REE and body composition was analyzed. Results  A total of 332 subjects were included, including 82 males, with an average age of 37.72±9.82 years (20－62 years). Among them, 13 (15.9%) were overweight and 69 (84.1%) were obese. There were 250 females with an average age of  37.42± 9.60  years (19－65 years), among whom 50 (20%) were overweight and 200 (80%) were obese. The measured REE values of overweight and obese men and women were significantly higher than the calculated body composition values P<0.05. There was no significant correlation between REE measurement and all indexes in male overweight subjects P>0.05, while REE measurement in female overweight subjects was significantly positively correlated with height, weight, skeletal muscle and fat-free body weight P<0.05. The results of REE were positively correlated with skeletal muscle, body fat, percentage of body fat, degree of abdominal obesity and body mass index in height, weight and body composition P<0.05. There was a significant negative correlation with age. P <0.05. Conclusion  The calculated value of population composition in overweight and obese people is lower than the measured value of REE, and REE in obese people is positively correlated with height, weight, body mass index, fat mass, muscle mass and fat free weight.