Journal of Capital Medical University ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 1055-1064.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.06.013

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The association between the inflammatory cytokine levels and occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Wu Zhenyan, Jiang Xue, Guo Xinying, Zhang Jie, Liu Jian, Guo Caixia*   

  1. Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100176，China
  • Received:2025-08-28 Revised:2025-09-29 Online:2025-12-21 Published:2025-12-19
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (7232022), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171808, 82200369), Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2024-1-2051), the Leading Talent Program in High-level Public Health Technical Talents of Beijing (Lingjunrencai-03-02), the Basic-Clinical Cooperation Program from Capital Medical University (CCMU2022ZKYXY004), and the Priming Scientific Research Foundation for the Junior Researcher in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (2022-YJJ-ZZL-015, 2021-YJJ-ZZL-001).

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Abstract: Objective  To investigate the associated between the inflammatory cytokine levels and occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in hospitalized patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 245 STEMI patients admitted to the Cardiovascular Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between April 2022 and April 2023. Patients were divided into the MACEs group (n=48) and the Non-MACEs group (n=197) based on whether they experienced in-hospital MACEs. Clinical characteristics and inflammatory cytokine levels were compared between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for MACEs, and the predictive value of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results  Compared with the Non-MACEs group, the MACEs group showed significantly higher levels of IL-1β ［2.44 （0.21, 7.11） vs 0.35 （0.00, 4.17）, P<0.01］, IL-2 ［4.09 （1.99, 13.58）  vs  1.29 （0.71, 2.09）, P<0.01］, IL-6 ［55.06 （13.27, 119.28）  vs  18.86 （8.81, 37.10）, P<0.01］, and IL-8 ［6.90 （2.32, 15.05）  vs  1.74 （0.15, 6.27）, P<0.01］. Multivariable analysis revealed that IL-2 (OR=1.218, 95% CI: 1.104－1.344, P<0.001) and IL-6 (OR=1.003, 95% CI: 1.000－1.006, P=0.026) were independent predictive factors for in-hospital MACEs. Additionally, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum potassium levels, and CK-MB were significantly associated with MACEs risk (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that IL-2 combined with clinical features had an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.890 (95% CI: 0.840–0.940, P<0.001), while IL-6 combined with clinical features had an AUROC of 0.833 (95% CI: 0.766－0.900, P<0.001), both indicating good predictive performance.Conclusion  The occurrence of in-hospital MACEs in STEMI patients is significantly associated with elevated levels of IL-2 and IL-6, along with the influence of serum potassium levels, LVEF, and CK-MB. The combination of IL-2 and IL-6 with clinical characteristics can effectively predict the risk of MACEs, providing an important reference for early risk stratification.

Key words: inflammatory cytokines, acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, interleukin, adverse cardiovascular events, prognosis, biomarkers

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