Journal of Capital Medical University ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 643-649.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2026.04.002

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Study on the correlation between the expression of key regulatory molecules and metabolic disorders in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Zhao Yue1, Ruan Xiangyan2*, Wang Yuejiao2, Xie Dan1, Jin Jing2, Tian Xuanxuan2, Zhang Xu1, Zhang E1, Zhu Jianguo1, Zhang Zheng1   

  1. 1.Department of Medical Administration Division, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China；2.Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
  • Received:2026-03-31 Revised:2026-04-21 Online:2026-08-21 Published:2026-07-26
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81671411), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7162062), Mangzhong Technological Innovation Project of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University（FCYYMZB202505）.

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Abstract: Objective  To investigate the expression level of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) in the serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its association with hyperandrogenemia (HA), insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia. Methods  A cross-sectional study design was adopted, enrolling 80 PCOS patients from Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, plus 80 healthy controls with matched age and body mass index (BMI). Serum PGRMC1 concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Androgen indicators—total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), and bioavailable testosterone (Bio-T)—were quantified via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The  chemiluminescence was used to test fasting insulin ［FINS(OH)］ and lipid profiles. Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression analyses were utilized to assess the relationship between PGRMC1 and metabolic parameters. Results  Serum PGRMC1 concentrations in the PCOS group were significantly higher than that in the control group ［115.23 (67.18, 144.36) vs 26.45 (16.94, 40.63) ng/L, P<0.001］, and is was positively correlated with TT (r=0.693), fT (r=0.612), Bio-T (r=0.573), HOMA-IR (r=0.964), TG (r=0.401), and LDL-C (r=0.559), while showing a negatively association with HDL-C (r=－0.228) (all P<0.05). The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicated that HOMA-IR had a positive effect on PGRMC1 (B=11.495, P=0.002). The model explained 11.4% of the variance in PGRMC1 (R2=0.114) and was statistically significant overall (F=10.029, P=0.002). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis confirmed that PGRMC1 (OR=1.039, 95% CI: 1.025-1.053, P<0.001) and TG (OR=4.080, 95% CI: 1.770-9.406, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for PCOS. Conclusion  PGRMC1 might participate in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in PCOS by modulating androgen synthesis and insulin signaling pathways, and together with TG, it serves as an independent risk factor for PCOS. PGRMC1 is closely associated with IR, and is expected to be a molecular marker for PCOS diagnosis and metabolic abnormality assessment, providing a novel target for precision diagnosis and treatment.

Key words: polycystic ovary syndrome, progesterone receptor membrane component 1, hyperandrogenemia,  insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, triglyceride

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