The correlation between phase angle and sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2025.02.021

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To explore the association between phase angle (PhA) and sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to evaluate its predictive value for the risk of sarcopenia in these patients. Methods We collected data from 356 middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital from March 2022 to June 2024, including 274 patients with diabetes only and 82 patients with T2DM combined with sarcopenia. A Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between phase angle and sarcopenia.The predictive value of PhA for sarcopenia in T2DM patients was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the trend of PhA with the severity of sarcopenia in T2DM patients was tested by the Jonckheere-Terpstra method. Results Univariate analysis showed that the PhA value in the T2DM with sarcopenia group was significantly lower than that in the diabetes alone group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Additionally, height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, arm circumference, calf circumference, fasting insulin, postprandial 2 h insulin, fasting C-peptide, postprandial 2 h C-peptide, triglycerides, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, body composition indicators, 6 m walking speed, muscle mass, and muscle strength-related indicators were significantly lower in the T2DM with sarcopenia group compared to the diabetes alone group. Age, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D ［25-(OH)D］were significantly higher in the T2DM with sarcopenia group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that, after adjusting for other factors, PhA remained associated with sarcopenia in T2DM patients (P<0.05), with a decreased PhA increasing the risk of sarcopenia. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for PhA predicting sarcopenia in T2DM patients was 0.769 (95% CI: 0.710-0.829), indicating the predictive efficacy of PhA. Trend analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between PhA and the severity of sarcopenia in T2DM patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The PhA is significantly associated with sarcopenia in patients with T2DM. It can serve as an early predictive and diagnostic tool for sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM.

Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, sarcopenia, phase angle, middle-aged and elderly, forecast, diagnosis

CLC Number:

R589

Li Qian, Zhu Hong, Ye Meng, Wu Yanzhe , Wu Li, Ma Weiwei. The correlation between phase angle and sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Journal of Capital Medical University, 2025, 46(2): 340-347.

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