Table of Content

24 December 2010, Volume 31 Issue 6

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HN/ADS基础与临床研究进展

Establishment and Clinical Application of a Multiple Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection

DAI Li-li;CHEN De-xi;SHI Ying;WEI Fei-li;LIU Zhi-ying;ZHANG Hong-hai;WU Ya-song;LIANG Lian-chun;WU Hao;ZHANG Tong

2010, 31(6):  687-694. 

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Objective To establish a multiple nested polymerase chain reaction(nPCR) and RT-PCR diagnosis assay system for human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1) and to compare the sensitivity,specificity and other features of the method with those of a marketed assay,nucleic acid sequence-based amplification(NASBA).Methods The authors established an nPCR for detection of HIV DNA and RT-PCR for HIV RNA detection system with three sets of primers which target gag,pol and gp41 districts in HIV-1 gene.A total of 119 HIV seropositive patients were tested by the PCR methods and NASBA separately,the sensitivity was compared.The sensitivity of PCR detection in patients with different viral load were compared.Ten cases of suspected acute infection patients were tested by using the established PCR methods.The C2-C3 district in HIV-1 membrane was amplified in 43 positive DNA to identify their subtype.Results Sensitivity of nPCR was 97.5%(116/119).Sensitivity of RT-PCR was 78.2%(93/119).Specificities of both assay systems were 100%(50/50).The positive predictive values are 97.5%(116/119) and 78.2%(93/119) respectively,and the negative predictive values of both were 100%(50/50).The accuracies were 98.2% and 84.6%.The nPCR assay systems showed higher sensitivity than NASBA(97.5% vs 73.1%).The sensitivity of nPCR was markedly higher than that of RT-PCT in patients with viral load<10³ copy/mL,but the sensitivities of nPCR and RT-PCT were close to each other(nearly 100%) in patients with viral load 10³～10⁴ copy/mL and ≥10⁴ copy/mL viral load.Five of the 10 cases of suspected acute infection were tested positive by the PCR,and had a seropositive conversion afterwards during the follow up,therefore they were confirmed to have acute HIV infection.The 43 DNA samples belong to subtype B'(37cases),AE subtype(5 cases) and BC subtype(1 case).Conclusion The established PCR detective methods were highly effective in detection of HIV subtypes B',AE and BC,and showed a higher detective sensitivity than NASBA.The plasma RNA level has smaller influence on the sensitivity of nPCR than on RT-PCR.The HIV PCR diagnostic assay can be used for early diagnosis of HIV acute infection.

Preparation and Identification of gp120 Transgenic Mice

ZHANG Hong-hai;SUN Yu;LIU Ya-li;ZHANG Tong;WU Hao;CHEN De-xi

2010, 31(6):  695-700. 

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Objective To construct HIV-1 B' subtype gp120 transgenic vector and prepare gp120 transgenic mice.Methods gp120 gene was amplified and cloned to pSEAP2-control vector according to reading frame,then GFAP promoter was inserted.The function fragment with promoter-gp120 gene-enhancer was digested and extracted to prepare transgenic mice.The gene integration and mRNA transcription was validated by PCR and RT-PCR.Results GFAP promoter controlled gp120 transgenic vector was successfully constructed and validated by gene sequencing,Western blotting analysis showed that the secretion and tissue specificity of gp120 was high enough;The existence of gp120 mRNA transcription in transgenic mice was confirmed by RT-PCR.Conclusion gp120 transgenic vector was successfully constructed and founder mice were produced.

Relationship between CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Regulatory T Cells and Immune Activation in AIDS Patients Undergoing Early Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy

JIAO Yanmei;HUA We;TIAN Yakun;LI Juan;JI Yunxia;WANG Ru;CHEN De;WU Hao;ZHANG Tong

2010, 31(6):  701-705. 

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Objective To understand the variation of the CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells in HIV-infected patients during early highly active anti-retroviral therapy(HAART) and the function of Treg cells during antiviral therapy.Methods Data of 21 HIV-infected patients undergoing HAART were analyzed in this study.This was a prospective study which enrolled treatment-naive HIV-infected patients just prior to starting HAART;levels of Treg were measured by flow cytometry at weeks 0,2,4,8,12 of treatment.The relationship between Treg cells and immunologic activation was studied.Results Treg cell counts were higher when treatment with HAART was started,especially during first 4 weeks,then the trend was slowed down,so was the ratio of Treg.As HAART went on,the expression of CD8⁺CD38⁺ was reduced.The Treg counts was inversely correlated with immune activation level for treatment-naive patients.Conclusion The declined ratio of activated CD8⁺ may be related to the number of elevated Treg cells.The earlier the Treg cells resumed,the more the proportion of activated CD8⁺ T cells declined.

Relationships between Regulatory CD4⁺ T Cells or Non-regulatory CD4⁺ T Cells and Disease Progression in HIV/AIDS Patients

HUA Wei;JIAO Yan-mei;TIAN Ya-kun;LI Juan;JI Yun-xia;WANG Rui;ZHANG Tong;CHEN De-xi;WU Hao;

2010, 31(6):  706-710. 

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Objective To analyze the relationships between CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells(Treg) or non-CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells(non-Treg) and disease progression in Chinese HIV-infected individuals,and thereby to investigate the role of Treg in the process of HIV-1-infection.Methods Seventy-six HIV-infected adult patients were enrolled in this study.According to their CD4⁺ T cell counts in peripheral blood,patients were divided into Group A(CD4<200/μL),Group B(CD4 200～400/μL) and Group C(CD4>400/μL),respectively.The CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells were examined with intracellular staining flow cytometric technique.The relationship between CD4⁺ T cells counts and the plasma HIV-1 viral load was analyzed.Results With the progression of disease the percentages of Treg cells were raised gradually,and this reached statistical significance;compared with the healthy control,both the absolute counts of Treg cells and non-Treg cells decreased significantly in HIV-infected individuals and mainly in the non-Treg cells.Furthermore,the absolute numbers of Treg cells were inversely correlated with plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load(r=-0.334,P<0.05).Conclusion With disease progression in Chinese HIV-1-infected patients,the reduction in the frequency of non-Treg cells,such as helper T cells(Th),dampened the immune protection,while the diminished frequency and function of Treg cells decreased the inhibition of the excessive immune activation,which may favor viral replication and drive HIV disease progression.

Relationship between CCR5 Receptor Expression Levels of CD4⁺T Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood and HIV Infection

SHI Ying;LIU Ning;JI Yun-xia;WEI Zheng;ZHANG Tong;CHEN De-xi;LOU Jin-li

2010, 31(6):  711-714. 

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Objective To study the expression levels of human peripheral blood CD4⁺T cell surface chemokine receptor 5(CCR5),and study the difference among healthy people,HIV patients in chronic phase and HIV patients in acute phase of the expression levels of CCR5,to clarify the differences of CCR5 expression levels between HIV patients and the normal individuals,and to show the relationship of CCR5 expression levels and the progression of HIV disease,and also to clarify the significance of CCR5 expression levels in peripheral blood CD4⁺T lymphocytes of HIV patients.Methods Blood specimens were collected from 260 cases with HIV infection and 60 healthy persons from Beijing Youan Hospital,Capital Medical University.Of the 260 HIV infected cases,98 had acute HIV infection,162 had chronic HIV infection.The peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) surface CD4 and CCR5 molecules were stained by direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody,and flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression levels of CD4⁺T cell surface CCR5.The results of the flow cytometry test were analyzed by using two sample t-test.Results (1) The peripheral blood CD4⁺T lymphocyte surface CCR5 expression levels of HIV patients in acute phase and chronic phase were significantly higher than those of normal controls(P<0.01);(2) The expression level of peripheral blood CD4⁺T lymphocytes surface CCR5 of the HIV patients in chronic phase was higher than that in HIV patients in acute phase(P<0.01).Conclusion Expression levels of peripheral blood CD4⁺T lymphocytes surface CCR5 may be closely related to the susceptibility to HIV infection and the disease progression.Determination of peripheral blood CD4⁺T cell surface CCR5 expression levels may have certain important clinical significance in early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of HIV infected patients.

Progress in the Treatment of HIV/AIDS

WANG Peng-fei;JIAO Yan-mei;ZHU Huan-zhang;WU Hao

2010, 31(6):  715-718. 

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Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) is recognized as an effective treatment of HIV/AIDS currently,with the great success since its clinical application.But the current HAART can not eradicate HIV because of the challenges posed by latent viruses.In order to achieve the ultimate goal of curing AIDS,we need to improve our existing treatments.This article reviews literature on the treatment of HIV/AIDS.

Studies on the Innovation of TCM Five-organs Theory and Its Treatment of AIDS

WANG Feng;WANG Wen-kui

2010, 31(6):  719-725. 

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The Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) theory has been continually changing for thousands of years,and it contains many different schools.The birth of new medical schools are always accompanied with those major diseases' occuring in some special historical period,which has greatly enriched the TCM theories.Among the above,the Five-organs theory is the most basic one,and the basis of all the TCM theories.Besides,it has been improved and well-established by the different schools from different times.Nowadays,the TCM is facing new historical challenges and ready to undertake the significant social responsibility which means resolving the emerging new diseases.The TCM theory is sure to be innovated.In accordance with the laws of TCM's development and the diseases' changing,the authors hasd initially completed TCM Theory Innovation System and TCM Medicines Innovation System which both provide new theoretical and technical supports during the course of solving AIDS and other major diseases.

帕金森病的发病机制与生物标志物

Effect of Alpha-synuclein on N-methyl-D-aspartic Acid-induced Cytotoxicity

LI Xin;CHENG Fu-rong;LI Yao-hua;WAND Yu-lan;ZHANG Yan-li;YU Shun

2010, 31(6):  726-731. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of α-Synuclein(α-Syn) on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid(NMDA)-induced cytotoxicity.Methods NMDA cytotoxicity was produced on MES 23.5 dopaminergic cells.MTS cell viability assay,AO/PI fluorescent labeling of apoptotic cells,and western blot analysis of caspase-3 expression were used for assessment of the NMDA cytotoxicity.Confocal microscopy with Ca²⁺ probe was applied for monitoring the change of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.Results NMDA of 5 mmol/L triggered a significant increase of the cell death rate as revealed by decreased cell viability and increased apoptotic cells,which was blocked by a specific NMDA receptor antagonist MK801.In addition,NMDA induced significant increase in caspase-3 expression and intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.Pretreatment of the cells with α-Syn attenuated the NMDA-induced cell death,[Ca²⁺]i up-regulation and caspase-3 increase.Conclusion α-Syn reduced NMDA-induced cytotoxicity through a mechanism of preventing caspase-3 activation and NMDA-induced Ca²⁺ influx.

H₂O₂ and Serum of Patient with Parkinson's Disease Promote Mitochondrial and Nuclear Translocation of Alpha-synuclein

CHENG Fu-rong;LI Xin;YIN Juan-juan;LI Yao-hua;WAND Yu-lan;YU Shun

2010, 31(6):  732-736. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of oxidative stress and serum of patient with Parkinson's disease(PD) on the mitochondrial and nuclear translocation of alpha-synuclein(α-Syn).Methods MES 23.5 dopaminergic neuronal cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 5% fetal bovine serum.The cells were treated with H₂O₂ and sera from PD patients and the mitochondrial and nuclear translocations of α-syn were examined using immunofluorescent labeling.The serumal oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring with colorimetry the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),and total anti-oxidation competence(T-AOC) in the serum.Results Both the H₂O₂ and PD serum promoted the mitochondrial and nuclear translocations of α-syn,with shrank and disrupted mitochondria observed in the treated cells.The PD serum-treated cells also displayed apoptosis-like disintegrated nuclei.The levels of SOD,MDA and T-AOC were higher in PD sera than in normal sera.Conclusion Oxidative stress and PD serum promote mitochondrial and nuclear translocations of α-syn.The effect of PD serum is probably related to the increased oxidative stress.

Alpha-synuclein Promotes Internalization of Surface N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptors in Dopaminergic Neuronal Cells

CHENG Fu-rong;LI Xin;LI Yao-hua;WAND Yu-lan;ZHANG Yan-li;YU Shun

2010, 31(6):  737-741. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of α-synuclein(α-Syn) on surface N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors.Methods Immunofluorescent labeling and western blotting analysis were used to measure the alterations of NMDA receptors and Rab5b proteins.Hypotonic K+ shock was used to inhibit the internalization process.Rab5b antisense oligonucleotides were applied to suppress Rab5b expression.The MES 23.5 dopaminergic cells were used as model cells to observe the effect of α-Syn on the surface NR1 expression.Results Treatment of MES23.5 cultures with 10 μmol/L of α-Syn triggered a significant decrease of the surface NR1 expression.This effect of of α-Syn was blocked by hypotonic K+ shock and suppression of Rab5b expression.Conclusion α-Syn promotes internalization of surface NMDA receptors by increasing Rab5b expression.

Establishment of a Modified High Resolution Melting Assay Based on Allele-specific-extension to Determine Single Nucleotide Polymorphism

YUAN Yan-peng;LIN Qing-ling;ZUO Xiao-hong;CAI Yan-ning

2010, 31(6):  742-747. 

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Objective To establish a modified high resolution melting assay based on allele-specific-extension(ASE-HRM)to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP).Methods The established ASE-HRM was designed as asymmetric polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis.An allele-specific-extension(ASE) primer which ends at the SNP site and matches one of the allele was added to the reaction system.Initially,asymmetric PCR was performed with undergoing additional thermal steps in order to get allele-specific-extension.A total of 194 human genomic DNA samples were genotyped with the developed assay and by direct sequencing.Results Heterozygotes could be discriminated from homozygotes according to their lower and broader melting transitions.Two different types of homozygote could be separated according to the presence or absence of an extension peak.Extension primers 11～13 bases long worked efficiently in an allele specific way.Modification of the limiting amplification primer with locked nucleic acid increased the Tm difference between extension and amplification peaks and facilitated subsequent genotyping.The 194 human genomic DNA samples were genotyped with the developed assay and by direct sequencing,with the different methods providing identical genotyping results.Conclusion ASE-HRM is a simple,inexpensive,closed-tube genotyping method that can be used to examine all types of SNP.

Expression and Identification of a M/Z2260 Peptide in the Serum in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

YE Yi-wen;LI Yao-hua;LI Shuang;LI Xin;YU Shun;YANG Hui;CHEN Biao

2010, 31(6):  748-751. 

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Objective To screen for the potential protein biomarkers in serum of patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods The sera from patients with idiopathic PD and healthy blood donors were profiled by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometer(MALDI-TOF-MS) combined with weak cationic exchange magnetic beads(WCX-MB).The differential expression proteins were analyzed with statistical method.A M/Z2260.1 peptide was identified by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF,and concentration of the intact protein containing M/Z2260.1 was determined by ELISA.Results Overall,107 protein peaks were detected in a mass range of 1 000～50 000.Of these,9 proteins were differentially expressed in the serum between PD patients and normals(P<0.01).A 2260.1u peptide was specifically expressed in serum in PD patients.It was sequenced as G.KFKSGFPQVSMFFTHTFPK,and was identified as a fragment deriving from C-terminal of histidine-rich glycoprotein(HRG).ELISA show that the HRG concentration in serum in PD were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Expression of the low molecular weight proteins in serum in PD was significantly different from the healthy controls.Although HRG concentration in serum in PD patients is lower than that of healthy controls,the M/Z2260.1 peptide,a C-terminal fragment of the HRG,is markedly increased in serum of PD patients.

基础研究

Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of YYTJ on the Adhesion of Leukocytes to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

HE Xiu-juan;LV Zhe;LONG Jun;LI Yun;LI Ping

2010, 31(6):  752-755. 

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Objective To observe the effects and molecular mechanisms of a traditional Chinese medicine formula Yang Yu Tu Ji(YYTJ) on the adhesion of leukocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC),and study the mechanisms of YYTJ in promoting skin wound healing.Methods YYTJ at 132.5 μg/mL,which was confirmed to have no toxic effect on cells activity was selected as the high dose to observe the effect on HUVEC and human peripheral polymorphonuclear(PMN) leukocyte activity by MTT and Trypan-blue assay respectively.The effect of YYTJ at high(132.5 mg/L),medium(66.3 mg/L)and low(33.2 mg/L)concentration on the adhesion of PMN/THP-1 to HUVEC primed by TNF were observed by Rose Bengal staining.The expression of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and CD44 on HUVEC were measured by fluorescent-immunocytochemistry assay.Results High concentration of YYTJ reduced PMN/THP-1-HUVEC adhesion at 12 h after treating with YYTJ and TNF,showed lower level of ICAM-1 and CD44 on HUVEC(P<0.05).Medium dose of YYTJ decreased the level of VCAM-1 and CD44 on HUVEC(P<0.05,P<0.01 respectively).Low dose of YYTJ inhibited the level of CD44 on HUVEC(P<0.05).Conclusion It's possible that YYTJ inhibit adhesion of leukocytes to HUVEC by decreasing the expression of adhesion molecules on HUVEC,therefore inhibit excessive inflammatory response.

Changes of Myelin in Rat Brain after Hypoxia

YANG Li-jun;CUI Hong;YAO Yan-qing;JIANG Wen-xing

2010, 31(6):  756-759. 

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Objective To investigate the change of myelin in the brain of rats after hypoxia.Methods Three-day old neonatal rats were randomly divided into control group and hypoxia group.No treatment was applied to control group.But the hypoxia group was put to a closed vessel and mixed gas with 8% O₂ and 92% N₂ were filled into the vessel for 90 minutes.Twenty-eight days after the animal model was built,cerebral cortex,hippocampus and lateral ventricle were obtained from both groups.Then the tissue specimens were observed under the electron microscope and a quantitative analysis on the myelin was conducted.Results The results of electron microscopy indicated that compared to control group,cerebral cortex,hippocampus and lateral ventricle of hypoxia group appeared to have the neuron nuclear fragmentation and karyopyknosis.Statistical analysis suggested that the number and ratio of myelinated axons significantly decreased in hypoxia group compared to control group(P=0.000 in cerebral cortex,P=0.009 in hippocampus and P=0.000 in lateral ventricle,respectively).Conclusion Hypoxia alone can cause the pathological changes of demyelination in the hypoxia-ischemia brain injury model.

Copolymer-1 Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in An 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease

CAO Yun-xia;;;WU Yan-chuan;XU Sheng-li;ZHOU Ming

2010, 31(6):  760-765. 

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Objective To investigate the neuron-protective effects of copolymer-1(Copolymer-1,Cop-1) on dopaminergic neurons in the continuous low-dose 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) induced C57BL/6J mouse model of Parkinson's disease.Methods The C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:group 1,MPTP model,group 2,in which MPTP was injected before the Cop-1 immunization,group 3,MPTP was injected immediately after the Cop-1 immunization,group 4,Cop-1 immunization was performed before MPTP injection,group 5,Cop-1 immunization and group 6,normal control group.The mice except for group 5 and 6 received one i.p.injection of MPTP(5 mg.kg-1) every day.After continuous injection for 24 days,all mice were sacrificed after the day of last MPTP injection.The dopaminergic neurons were analyzed quantitatively using immunohistocheministry of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and stereological counts,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used for analysis of striatal dopamine and its metabolites content,HE staining was used for spleen sections.Spleens of the mice of groups 1-4 were separated and Cop-1 sensitized lymphocytes were cultured.Results Compared with normal control group,the animals of,groups 1-4 showed toxins accumulation in the spleen,but HE staining was not significantly different among the groups.Compared with Cop-1 immunization group,there were also a large number of Cop-1 sensitized lymphocytes in other three Cop-1 immunization groups.Stereological counts revealed that MPTP caused a 65.13% loss of TH-positive neurons in substantia nigra(SN) compared with saline controls.Similar results were observed in MPTP-injected mice that received MPTP injection before Cop-1 immunization,immediately after Cop-1 immunization or Cop-1 immunization was performed before MPTP injection.The results of HPLC determination of striatal dopamine and its metabolites showed that,compared with the control group,MPTP model group dopamine and its metabolites were significantly reduced.The levels of dopamine and its metabolites were similar among groups 2-4,but were significantly higher than those of group 1(P<0.05).Conclusion Our data suggest that in the C57BL/6J mouse model,continuous low-dose MPTP injection did not show obvious destructive effects on the spleen,an organ of the immune system.Direct immunization with Cop-1 could be effective against MPTP toxicity,and protect DA neurons in the substantia nigra.

Expression and Clinical Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor-1 in Acute Lung Injury Model in Rats Induced by Oleic Acid

XUE Qiang;WANG Tong;TIAN Wei;NI Li

2010, 31(6):  766-770. 

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Objective To detect the levels of matrix metalloproteinases 9(MMP-9) and tissue matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1(TIMP-1) in plasma and lung homogenates of model rats with acute lung injury(ALI) induced by oleic acid,and to analyze the expression characteristics and clinical significance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group(n=8),oleic acid model control group for 2 h(n=8) and oleic acid model control group for 6 h(n=8).Oleic acid(OA,0.1 mL/kg) was given with slow tail vein injection to the rats in oleic acid model control group,while the rats in normal control group were injected with sodium chloride(0.1 mL/kg) solution.The observation and measurement indicators included the pathological changes of lung under light microscope,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO₂),lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D),the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in plasma and lung homogenates.Results ① Histomorphology of lung:Compared with normal control group,significant pathological changes of lung were seen in oleic acid model control group,including pulmonary interstitial and alveolar edema,a large amount of serous exudation,inflammatory cells,red blood cell leakage in alveolar cavity.Part of the pulmonary interstitial thickening were uniformly stained "transparent membrane" pattern.② Compared with normal control group,as 2 h and 6 h,PaO₂ of rats in oleic acid model group decreased significantly(P<0.001) while W/D increased significantly(P<0.05).③ Compared with normal control group,as 2 h and 6 h model groups,the level of MMP-9 in plasma and lung homogenates increased significantly(P<0.001) while TIMP-1 in plasma and lung homogenates decreased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01 or P<0.001);when 2 h models were compared with 6 h models,there was no significant change(P>0.05) in MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in plasma and lung homogenate.④ In both 2 h and 6 h models,there was a highly positive correlation(r=0.999,P<0.001 or r=0.885,P<0.05) between MMP-9 in plasma and that in lung homogenate,meanwhile,there was also highly positive correlation(r=0.850,P <0.001 or r=0.800,P<0.05) between TIMP-1 in plasma with that in lung homogenate.Conclusion The level of MMP-9 in plasma and lung homogenate increased significantly while that of TIMP-1 decreased significantly in rats in oleic acid model control group,and there were no significant changes of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 with the development of ALI from 2 h to 6 h.There were highly positive correlation between plasma MMP-9,TIMP-1 and those in lung homogenates,which suggest that the detection of plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-1 may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of ALI.

Effect of Peanut oil on Expression of Insulin Receptor and Insulin Receptor Substrates in Hippocampal CA1 Area of Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

ZHAO Yong-mei;XU Qiu-yan;;ZHAO Zhi-wei;JI Zhi-juan

2010, 31(6):  771-776. 

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Objective To study the difference in expression of insulin signal transduction proteins insulin receptor(InsR),insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) and insulin receptor substrate-2(IRS-2) in hippocampal CA1 area of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to investigate the protective effects of peanut oil against diabetic encephalopathy.Methods Sixty healthy male SD rats were assigned into 4 groups randomly:normal control group(C group);type 2 diabetes mellitus group(T2DM group);type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with 2 mL peanut oil group(T2DM+2 mL group) and type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with 5 mL peanut oil group(T2DM+5 mL group).The rats in group C were fed with normal food.Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by low dose streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection(25 mg/kg body weight) after feeding with high-fat feed for 2 months.All the rats were sacrificed one month after type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced.The expression of InsR,IRS-1 and IRS-2 in hippocampal CA1 area of rats was studied by immunohistochemical staining.Results The expression of InsR in hippocampal CA1 area of T2DM group decreased significantly compared with that of group C(P<0.05).The expression of InsR in hippocampal CA1 area of T2DM+5 mL group increased significantly compared with that of T2DM group(P<0.05).② The expression of IRS-1 in hippocampal CA1 area of T2DM group decreased significantly compared with that of group C(P<0.05).The expression of IRS-1 in hippocampal CA1 area of T2DM+2 mL group and T2DM+5 mL group increased significantly compared with that of T2DM group(P<0.05).③ The expression of IRS-2 in hippocampal CA1 area of T2DM group decreased significantly compared with that of group C(P<0.05).The expression of IRS-2 in hippocampal CA1 area of T2DM+5 mL group increased significantly compared with that of T2DM group(P<0.05).Conclusion Insulin signal transduction is dysregulated in the hippocampal CA1 area of the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.This might be one of the reasons that cause diabetic encephalopathy.Peanut oil improves the expression of insulin signal transduction proteins in hippocampal CA1 area of T2DM rats,suggesting that peanut oil might have protective effect against diabetic encephalopathy.

Effects of Shexiangbaoxin Pills Therapy on the Expression of Cardiac α₁ and β Adrenergic Receptors in Rats with Heart Failure Induced by Myocardial Infarction

CAO Fangfang;LI Yanfang;LIU Fei;BAI Xueyuan;LV Yang

2010, 31(6):  777-783. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of Shexiangbaoxin Pills(SXBXP) on the messenger RNA(mRNA) levels of α₁-adrenergic receptor(AR) and β-AR expressed in non-infarcted left ventricular tissue from rats with chronic heart failure(CHF) induced by myocardial infarction.Methods Models of CHF established by anterior descending coronary artery ligature.Fifty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:control group(group A),sham operation group(group B),CHF model group(group C),positive medicine group(group D),low dose SXBXP group(group E) and high dose SXBXP group(group F).Heart function was determined by echocardiography,mRNA expression levels of β₁-AR,β₂-AR,β₃-AR,α_1A-AR,α_1B-AR,α_1D-AR in non-infarcted left ventricular tissue were measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results ① Before therapy,there was no significant difference between groups A and B.Compared with group B,the left ventricle ejection faction(LVEF) of groups C,D,E and F were significantly decreased(P<0.01).After therapy,compared with group C,LVEF of group F was significantly improved(P<0.05).LVEF of groups D and E increased even no significant difference was detected compared with group C.② After therapy,no significant change was seen in expression of any adrenergic receptor in groups A and B(P>0.05).Compared with group B,β₁-AR and α_1B-AR expression in group C markedly decreased(P<0.01 and P<0.05),expression of α_1A-AR and β₃-AR exhibited a remarkable increase(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in β₂-AR and α_1D-AR expression between groups B and C(P>0.05).Compared with group C,levels of β₁-AR and α_1B-AR significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),α_1A-AR markedly declined in groups D,E and F(P<0.05),β₂-AR and α_1D-AR expression remained unchanged in these groups(P>0.05).β₃-AR level significantly declined in both groups D and F(P<0.01) compared with group C.Conclusion Heart function was improved and levels of LVEF was increased when SXBXP was used to treat rats with CHF induced by myocardial infarction.The action of SXBXP in CHF may be related to better blood supply to myocardium and regulation of α₁-AR and β-AR expression towards normal,including the upregulation of β₁-AR and α_1B-AR and downregulation of α_1A-AR and β₃-AR.This observation supports the hypothesis that SXBXP may improve CHF,especially when it is applied at large dose.

Correlation between the Matrix Metauoproteinase-a,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and the Invasion and Recurrence of Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma

XIA Zhi-qiang;GONG Jian;JIA Ge;ZHAO Yu-mei;WANG Feng-mei;WANG Hong-yun;HAN Ming;TIAN Ji-hui;SUN Tao

2010, 31(6):  784-788. 

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Objective To explore the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas and the correlation between the expression of MMP-9,VEGF and the invasion/recurrence of tumor.Methods Expressions of MMP-9 and VEGF were tested by immunohistochemistry(IHC) in 40 cases of adamantimous craniopharyngioma,including 24 cases of primary group and 16 cases of secondary group.Results The total expression rates of MMP-9 in secondary group were significantly higher than that of primary group(93.7% vs 41.7%,P<0.05),and the total expression rates of VEGF in secondary group were significantly higher than the primary group(87.5% vs 45.8%,P<0.05).There were mutually positive correlations between MMP-9 and VEGF expressions in secondary group of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.Conclusion MMP-9 and VEGF may play an important role in the invasive growth and recurrence of adamantimous craniopharyngioma,and positive-feedback regulate each other.MMP-9 and VEGF may become potential biomarkers to evaluate the inclination of invasion and recurrence in adamantimous craniopharyngioma.

Study on the Blood Supply to the Extrahepatic Bile Ducts with Microvascular Casting Mould

DAI Jie;CHEN Ya-liang;LIU Guo-zhen;SONG Yi-zhi;WU Xiao-feng;LI Ning

2010, 31(6):  789-791. 

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Objective To provide applied anatomic evidence for the blood supply to the bile ducts in the complication relating to the bile ducts in the liver transplantation.Methods A latex casting mould was developed for the blood supplying to extrahepatic bile duct system in the cadavers.Results The main blood supply to the extrahepatic bile ducts were from the following sources:gastroduodenal artery,the proper hepatic artery and cystic artery.A longitudinal anastomotic chain was found,but 9.6%(3/31) of the casting moulds showed that blood vessels were absent in the middle segments.Conclusion There may be an important relationship between the blood supply to the bile ducts and the complication of the liver transplantation.

临床研究

Relationship between Serum Adiponectin Levels and Correlative Factors in Patients with Hepatitis B and Liver Cirrhosis

ZHANG Gui-li;LI Qiang;LI You-sheng;TAN Li-jie;ZHANG Hong;LIU Li-hong

2010, 31(6):  792-794. 

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Objective To observe serum adiponectin levels in patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis(LC),and explore the relationship between adiponectin levels and correlative factors.Methods A total of 67 patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis were divided into A,B and C three groups according to Child-Pugh score.Serum adiponectin was detected by ELISA.At the same time,blood lipids,fasting blood glucose(FBG) and HBV DNA were detected.After measurement of the body height and weight,body mass index(BMI) was calculated.Twenty healthy adults were selected as normal control group.Results Serum adiponectin levels in patients with liver cirrhosis were significantly higher than those of normal control group(P<0.05 or <0.01).Adiponectin levels correlated with Child-Pugh classification.But,were not in correlated with serum lipids,blood glucose,HBV DNA and BMI.Conclusion Serum adiponectin levels in patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis are significantly elevated,and adiponectin levels correlated with liver function reserve.

Screening Analysis of the Undergraduates Who Closely Contacted with An Undergraduate Suffering from Tuberculosis and the Preventive Measures

ZHU Xian;HOU Jie;ZHAI Xiao-hui

2010, 31(6):  795-798. 

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Objective To analyze the results of examination of the undergraduate who contacted closely with a female student suffering from tuberculosis(TB) and to discuss the preventive measures for checking the spread of TB in the university.Methods Totally 130 undergraduates contacted closely with the undergraduate suffering from TB and 6 of the 130 undergraduates contacted most closely with the undergraduate suffering from TB.The 130 undergraduates were subjected to examination by purified protein derivative(PPD) test and chest X-ray(CR),the 6 undergraduates underwent computed tomography(CT) and sputum smear test besides PPD test and CR.Results Thirty-three(25.38%) of the 130 undergraduates who contacted closely with the student suffering from TB were positive for PPD test.No one showed any positive signs on CR.The CT results were normal,and the sputum smear test did not show any acid-fast bacillus in any of the undergraduates who contacted most closely with the undergraduate suffering TB.Conclusion No spread of TB has occurred due to the presence of a female undergraduate suffering from TB in the university.However,undergraduates may be at risk of suffering from TB,therefore it is important to take active actions to prevent TB in universities and colleges.

Relationship between Pulse Wave Velocity and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

WANG Yan-jiang;GAO Ming-ming;ZHANG Lin

2010, 31(6):  799-802. 

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Objective To study the relationship between carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(C-F PWV) and severity of coronary artery disease(CAD),evaluate the usefulness of C-F PWV to predict the extent of coronary atherosclerosis lesions.Methods A total of 126 patients with suspected CAD were selected.C-F PWV was measured using an automatic device(Complior SP,France).The severity of coronary artery disease was evaluated by the number of diseased arteries and Gensini score.Results The value of C-F PWV in the group with 3-vessel disease was significantly higher than that in the group without CAD(P=0.001).Univariate linear regression analysis showed that C-F PWV was related to Gensini score,with correlation coefficient R=0.701.Logistic regression analysis showed that gender and C-F PWV are the independent predictor of 3-vessel coronary artery disease.Conclusion C-F PWV was significantly correlated with the extent of coronary artery stenosis,and high C-F PWV can be regarded as an independent predictor of 3-vessel coronary artery disease.So high C-F PWV may be regarded as a marker of CAD,which is helpful to evaluate the severity of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.

Parathyroid Hormone and Bone Turnover Markers for Diagnosis of Renal Osteodystrophy in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

JIA Yan-li;LIU Hui-lan

2010, 31(6):  803-807. 

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Objective This study was to evaluate the intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH) and parathyroid hormone1-84(PTH1-84) assay with bone turnover markers,such as bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) and osteocalcin(OC) in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients.Methods Totally 74 hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this study.Clinical data were collected.The control group included 30 healthy people.The serum iPTH,PTH1-84,BALP and OC levels were determined by a specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Parathyroid hormone7-84(PTH7-84) level was calculated by iPTH minus PTH1-84.Results The serum iPTH,PTH1-84,BALP levels were significantly higher in MHD patients than in control group(P=0.000).The serum OC levels was higher in MHD patients than in control group(P=0.050).In MHD patients,the serum iPTH and PTH1-84 showed a significant correlation with BALP and OC,respectively(P=0.000).The serum levels of PTH1-84 and conventional iPTH showed a close correlation in dialysis patients(r=0.691,P=0.000).Conclusion Circulating iPTH and PTH1-84 levels are one turnover markers.Combined use of PTH determination with bone turnover markers BALP and OC may be contributive to diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy(ROD).

Microsurgery for Pituitary Adenomas in Adolescence

JIA Wang;JIA Gui-jun;QIAN Ke;BI Zhi-yong;NI Ming

2010, 31(6):  808-811. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas in adolescence and evaluate the microsurgical results in short-term(6 months) and long-term(2 years) follow-up.Methods The clinical characteristics of 13 cases with growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas were reviewed retrospectively.Short-time and long-time follow-up were both done by out-patient clinic appointment,telephone and letters.The cure rate and pituitary function were rerded.Results Of the 13 patients,9 were boys and 4 were girls.Macroadenomas were found in 61.5%(8/13) of the cases,and microadenomas were found in 38.5%(5/13) of the cases.Radical tumor resection was performed for 11 patients,growth hormone was normalized in 11 patients.The cure rate was 84.6%(11/13)6 months postoperatively,and 76.9%(10/13)2 years postoperatively.Conclusion Microsurgery was a safe and effective therapy for growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas in adolescence.Postoperative radiotherapy or assisted drugs therapy was often needed.However,radiotherapy should be chosen cautiously to prevent hypopituitarism.

The Effect of Different Rehabilitative Techniques on Hemiplegia Extremity in Stroke Patient Treated with Hip Replacement

HAN Bao-xin;WANG Xiu-fen;JIN Bing

2010, 31(6):  812-816. 

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Objective To observe the effect of different rehabilitative techniques on hemiplegia extremity in stroke patient treated with hip replacement.Methods Thirty-four patient who had femoral neck fracture on the hemiplegia extremity were treated with hip replacement,and followed at two-week,three-month,six-month post-operation respectively.Twenty-two case had regular rehabilitation programs(control group),twelve case had new techniques and cited some stroke rehabilitation training techniques on the basis of regular rehabilitation programs(observe group).The effects was evaluated with Harris Hip score,Kendall-Percentage of muscle strength grading standards and Berg Balance Scale.Results The observe group got significant improvement in muscle strength,hip function,balance-coordination and pain-release(P<0.05).Conclusion New techniques and some stroke rehabilitation techniques can be used as a supplement of regular rehabilitation programs on hemiplegia extremity in stroke patient treated with hip replacement.

Changes in the Risk Factors of Ectopic Pregnancy in Ten Years

TANG Li-rong;ZHENG Ping

2010, 31(6):  817-820. 

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Objective To identify the changes of the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy(EP) in different periods and explore the effective interventions.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 568 cases in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University which consists of two groups:the early group with 186 cases from Oct.1st 1997 to Sep.30th 1998;while the later group with 382 cases from Oct.1st 2007 to Sep.30th 2008.The risk factors such as age,marriage,pregnancy history,profession,previous medical history and treatment were compared.Results There was no significant difference in average age between the two groups.The rate of women whose age was less than 20 years in the early group was much lower than that in the later group(1.1% vs 4.5%,P=0.006).The rate of unmarried women increased from 21.5% in 1997 to 41.4% in 2007(P=0.000) while the rate of nulliparous women increased from 45.7% in 1997 to 66.8% in 2007(P=0.000).There was no significant difference in pregnancy time and parity between the two groups(P=0.030).The abortion time in the later group was much higher than that in early group.The constituent ratio of worker and farmer apparently decreased while the constituent ratio of cadres,staff and student and other occupation increased by years(P=0.000).The patients with the history of intrauterine device(IUD) in early group was more than that in later group(P=0.000_ and patients with the history of reproductive tract infections(RTIs) and other abdominal surgery were lower than those in the later group(P=0.002,P=0.044).The rate of the history of vaginal lavage,cervical treatment and smoking in the later group were much higher than those in the early group(P=0.000,P=0.009,P=0.002).Conclusion Risk factors for EP altered in the past decade and efficient interventions should be applied accordingly to reduce the EP.

Design and Implementation of Blood Management System Based on B/S

LI Tai-huan;FENG Wei

2010, 31(6):  821-823. 

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Objective To design and implement a B/S-based blood management system.Methods The network programming technique of JSP and the technique of java was used.Results The integration of blood system with HIS and LIS were completed,the function of blood management system was implemented,the system was applied in No.309 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China.The work efficiency was improved,the work quality was ensured.Conclusion The advanced computer technology and network technology will make the management of blood bank standardized in hospital and also make information system improved,the development of digitalized hospital management will be accelerated.

综述

New Progress in Mechanism and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

WANG Hao-ran;YU Chun-jiang

2010, 31(6):  828-833. 

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Atherosclerosis is the major diseases threatening the human health.With the development of research,new understanding of its pathogenesis has been reached.VCAM-1and ICAM-1 became the new focus.The anti-atherosclerotic effect of Statins and ACEI has been fully confirmed.Great advancement in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis has been made,In this paper,we review the new progress in mechanism and treatment of atherosclerosis.

专论与综述

Thinking on the Digital Flat Construction of Journals Subjected to Capital Medical University or Its Affiliated Hospitals

ZHANG Jian-jun;WANG Xiao-min;ZHANG Jun-min

2010, 31(6):  834-836. 

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There are about 24 journals subjected to Capital Medical University or its affiliated hospitals.In order to facilitate the development of all the journals,it is necessary to construct a convenient and fluent flat.Based on the flat,not only all the journals can co-share and utilize ultimately the resources such as the reviewers and experts,but also the authors and readers can acquire all the pertinent information of all the 24 journals speedily and conveniently.This article will introduce briefly some consideration on how to construct the flat.

奖项介绍

Study on the Status,Factors and Improving Measures of Physician-patient Relationship Based on the Typical Investigation in Ten Cities of China

LIANG Li-zhi;SONG Xiao-xia;WANG Xiao-yan

2010, 31(6):  837-839. 

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Physician-patient relationship is associated with the hospital medical environment and medical treatment,as well as the medical and health needs of the people.On the basis of the typical investigation on the physician-patient relationship status in ten cities of China,this article multi-disciplinarily analyzed the factors including those related to the government,the hospital and its staff,the patient and so on,then put forward some comprehensive and systematic measures to build a harmonious relationship between physician and patients.