Table of Content

21 February 2011, Volume 32 Issue 1

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奖项介绍

The Second Grade National Prize for Science and Technology Progress——Investigation and Application of Tissue Regeneration andFunctional Reconstruction in Oral and Maxillofacial Region

FAN Zhi-peng

2011, 32(1):  1-4. 

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It is a difficult to carry biological tissue regeneration and functional reconstruction for oral and maxillofacial deformities, especially for dental tissue defects. This project was designed to regenerate tooth , repair the defects of facial bones and reconstruct the function of salivary glands that providing the support for oral cavity. By using gene transfer and salivary gland endoscopy, the new techniques were developed for diagnosis and treatment of obstructive salivary gland diseases and for recovery of irradiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction. We proposed a new concept called as “biological roots” by using of stem cells and tissue engineering technology, the biological roots with mastication function was successfully regenerated in the swine; based on tooth development strategy, new ways for whole tooth regeneration were established and the new seed cells was discovered. Key technologies, parameters and new devices were obtained for development of jaw osteodistraction to improve the complex maxillofacial defects effectively by endogenous jaw bone regeneration. This research and its application in clinic improved tissue regeneration and restoration of oral and maxillofacial tissue, normalized the diagnosis and treatment, and promoted the development of oral and maxillofacial surgery and translational medicine.

The Second Grade National Prize for Science and Technology Progress——Clinical Research and Technology Dissemination of CatheterAblation of Atrial Fibrillation

YUE Hua-lan;LI Xiao-lu;TANG Ri-bo

2011, 32(1):  5-7. 

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Atrial fibrillation(AF) is a common cardiovascular disease associated with increased mortality and morbility. Catheter ablation of AF has emerged as a developing therapy to cure AF. However, scientific and normative strategy and technology of AF ablation were limited at the beginning of this century. With regard to this issue, the strategy and technology of AF ablation were systemic explored and some achievements were obtained in this project. ① A method of transseptal catheterization guided by fluoroscopy in right anterior oblique 45°was originally established; ② A method of pulmonary vein isolation and pulmonary vein mapping with single catheter was built; ③ This project provided the first evidence that circumferential pulmonary vein isolation was superior to segmental isolation; ④ It was proved that catheter ablation of valvular AF was safe and effective; ⑤ Some methods of catheter ablation of AF guided with 3 D mapping system in China were systemic established. This project deeply improved and facilitated the therapeutic and research level in the field of catheter ablation of AF.

Food Allergen Sensitization in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis

ZHANG Wei;ZHAO Yan;WANG Cheng-shuo;ZHANG Luo;

2011, 32(1):  8-12. 

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Objective To characterize food allergen sensitization status in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR) and nonallergic rhinitis(NAR), and to explore its potential value in the diagnosis and control of these diseases.
Methods Totally 513 AR patients(including 51 children under 14 years of age) and 70 NAR patients who were also allergic to one or more food allergens were involved in this retrospective study at Beijing Tongren Hospital.
Results Curry(43.3%), shrimp(30.0%), peach(20.5%), pineapple(11.9%), peanuts(11.3%) and spinach(10.5%) were the top 6 concurrent food allergens in AR patients. In children with AR, the major concurrent food allergens were curry(58.8%), peach（23.5%）, shrimp（21.6%）, fruits（11.8%）spinach（11.8%）and wheat（11.8%）. Of AR patients who were sensitive to plant-food allergen, 70.1% were found also allergic to pollens. Similar food allergen sensitization status was seen in NAR patients, with the most common sensitization to curry(30.0%), peach(28.6%), pineapple(14.3%), shrimp(12.9%) and carp(10.0%), successively.
Conclusion Curry and plant-food sensitization was often seen in AR patients. There might be cross-reactivity between pollens and plant-food allergens.

Sensitization to Aeroallergens in Children with Allergic Rhinitis

ZHANG Yuan;ZHAO Yan-ming;HE Fei;ZHANG Luo;

2011, 32(1):  13-16. 

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Objective To investigate which aeroallergens were prevalent in children with allergic rhinitis in Beijing region.
Methods A total of 458 cases(aged from 3 to 18 years) who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, underwent a skin prick test with 21 standardized aeroallergens, and the important sensitizing allergens were assessed. The stratified analysis for gender and age were also performed. Differences in SPT responses among the groups according to age were explored.
Results The percent of patients with positive skin tests were as follows: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(83.6%), Dermatophagoides farinae(83.2%), animal hair(15.7%), giant ragweed(13.3%), TreeⅠ(13.3%), Chenopodium album(13.1%), Tree Ⅱ(12.0%), Alternaria alternate(9.6%), Locust(9.2%) and Gramineae(9.2%). The dust mite was the most popular allergen regardless of gender. The individuals who showed strong positive response to dust mite accounted for 87.0% among the 377 dust mite allergic subjects. There was no significantly higher sensitivity to dust mite among groups when cutoff points were set at 14 and 11 years of age(P>0.05).
Conclusion The dust mite was the most important aeroallergens in children with allergic rhinitis in Beijing region.

Regulatory Effect of Nitric Oxide Signal Pathway on Ciliary Motility in Mouse Nasal Epithelial Cells

JIAO Jian;WANG Hong;JIN Shan-zhe;ZHANG Luo;

2011, 32(1):  17-20. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of nitric oxide(NO) signal pathway on ciliary beat frequency(CBF) in mouse nasal epithelial cells.
Methods Cultured mouse nasal epithelial cells were treated with 10 mmol/L L-arginine, the CBF was measured by high-speed digital microscopy. In addition, expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS), guanylate cyclase(GC) and protein kinase G(PKG) were detected by immunohistochemistry.
Results ① CBF of epithelial cells in Hank’s balanced salt solution(HBSS) control group showed no significant changes in 10 min. ② CBF increased with treatment of 10 mmol/L L-arginine at 2 min and significant changes were observed at all the time points detected. ③ Immunoreactivity to eNOS, GC and PKG were observed in cilia of epithelial cells.
Conclusion NO-cGMP-PKG signal pathway participates in the regulating mechanism of ciliary motility in mouse nasal epithelial cells.

A Comparative Study on Mouse Nasal and Tracheal Epithelium for Cellular Composition and Ciliary Cell Reactivity

WANG Hong;JIAO Jian;JIN Shan-zhe;ZHANG Luo;

2011, 32(1):  21-25. 

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Objective To compare the proportion of cell populations and effects of exogenous stimuli on ciliary beat frequency(CBF) in mouse nasal and tracheal epithelium.
Methods Mouse nasal and tracheal epithelial cells were cultured by enzymatic digestion culture method, the yield of ciliary cells and also the effects of ATP, benzalkonium bromide on CBF were observed. In addition, the proportion of cell populations in nasal and tracheal epithelium was investigated by immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscope(SEM).
Results ① Cultured ciliated epithelial cells were(45±5)% of the total cell population in nasal turbinate epithelium, whereas, tracheal ciliary cells comprised(15±5)% of total cell population. ② Expression of acytylated αtubulin was detected in both nasal and tracheal epithelium, however, the positive cells in nasal epithelium appeared more continuously and densely than in tracheal epithelium. ③ CBF increased with treatment of 100 μmol/L ATP both in nasal(235.06%) and tracheal(118.49%) epithelial cells, the difference between two groups was significant(P=0.013). While CBF decreased with addition of 0.005% benzalkonium bromide, significant difference between nasal(50.31%) and tracheal(8.27%) epithelium was detected(P=0.004). ④ By SEM, the proportion of ciliary cells in nasal(90%) epithelium was much higher than in trachea(30%~40%).
Conclusion There are significant differences in the proportion of ciliary cells and CBF changes towards exogenous stimuli in nasal and tracheal epithelium; ciliary cell numbers of nasal epithelium were much higher than those in trachea, among which turbinate is an abundant resource for ciliary cell cultures that should not be ignored.

Assessment of Nasal Ventilation Function of Nonallergic Rhinitis withEosinophilia Syndrome

YANG You;LIU Zhong-yan;HAN De-min;ZHANG Luo;

2011, 32(1):  26-31. 

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Objective To measure the nasal patency of patients with nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome(NARES) and healthy controls and to assess its correlation with visual analogue scale(VAS) of nasal symptom.
Methods A total of 22 patients with NARES and 58 healthy controls were studied. By using nasal rhinomanometry, we measured the pressure-flow curve and got total nasal resistances of 75 Pa and 150 Pa. By means of acoustic rhinometry, we obtained the area-distance curve before and after using nasal vasoconstrictive agent, got the nasal minimum cross-sectional area(MCA), then calculated nasal congestion index(NCI). We compared the outcomes with nasal resistance and acoustic rhinometry in two groups, evaluated the correlation between VAS and nasal patency of NARES.
Results The correlation between the outcomes with nasal resistance and acoustic rhinometry and VAS of nasal symptom showed no statistical significance in NARES patients. MCA before and after decongestion and NCI showed no statistically significant differences in two groups. Before decongestion, nasal resistance of 75 Pa and 150 Pa had significant differences in two groups, after decongestion showed no significant difference.
Conclusion Nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome is one of the most common nonallergic rhinitis, subjective symptoms had no correlation with objective nasal patency tests. In clinic, it required comprehensive evaluation with subjective symptoms and objective test results of patient.

Correlation between the Appearance of the Maxillary Sinus and theSeverity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome

HAN Jia-wei;ZHANG Luo;HAN De-min;

2011, 32(1):  32-36. 

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Objective To investigate the correlation between the measurement of 3-D maxillary sinus and the severity of patient with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.
Methods Seventy-nine patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) received CT scan. Then the images of maxillary sinuses were segmented and reconstructed in order to form 3-D image. Correlation analyses were made between the measurements of the 3-D maxillary sinuses and apnea and hypopnea index(AHI), the lowest oxygen saturation(LSaO₂).
Results The parameters of the maxillary sinus positively correlated with AHI, particularly the volume, coefficient of pneumatolysis, the length of the X axis. The asymmetry of the development of maxillary sinuses did influence the severity of OSAHS. No correlation was found between LSaO₂ and the shape of maxillary sinus.
Conclusion The development of maxillary sinus affects the structure of the facial cranium, in particular the nasal cavity; the facial cranium, in turn, may have an influence on the dimensions of maxillary sinus. The correlation between severity of OSAHS and the dimension of maxillary sinuses suggest that upper airway obstruction may result from abnormalities of bony canal, especially the nasal cavity.

Longterm Variations in Amplitude and Frequency ofSpontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions

LIU Jin-feng;HAN Jing;SHI Bao-yu;FU Xin;LI Jin-lan;WANG Xun;SONG Peng-long;WEN Xiao-hui;YAN Zhan-feng;WANG Ning-yu;

2011, 32(1):  37-45. 

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Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the long-term variations in amplitude and frequency of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions(SOAE).
Methods SOAE were measured in a 26 years old woman with normal hearing. Eighteen repeated measurements were recorded over time periods of eighteen weeks. Interval between two tests was one week. Variations in amplitude and frequency of SOAE were assessed.
Results ① Totally 256 SOAE signals were recorded in both ears during the eighteen measurements, 160 SOAE in right ear and 96 SOAE in left ear. Basing on the probability of repetitive appearance of SOAE in eighteen repeated measurement, SOAE were classified into three types: stable SOAE, less stable SOAE and unstable SOAE. The probability of SOAE appearance in total measurements were higher than 75% were defined as stable SOAE. The probability of SOAE appearance between 25% and 75% were defined as less stable SOAE; The probability of SOAE appearance less than 25% were unstable SOAE. Eightyfive point two percent SOAE(84.7% in right ear, 85.9% in left ear) were stable signal in total 256 SOAE signals, less stable SOAE was only recorded in right ears, accounting for 7.5% in right ear, 10.1% SOAE (9.4% in right ear, 11.5% in left ear) were unstable SOAE. ② The probability of repetitive appearance of stable SOAE were 93.2%(92.4%% in right ear, 94.4% in left ear). Only to have 22% of the stable SOAE signal appeared the frequency variation, those frequency variations were still within the original signal. Eighty-nine point six percent of it was only appeared that the peak frequency of SOAE signal declined or raised one minimum scaleofILO 96(12.3Hz). ③ Amplitude of the stable SOAE shows wide fluctuations. Coefficient of variability of the stable SOAE amplitude
fluctuated between 10.5% and 25.6% in right ear, and between 17.0% and 41.2% in left ear. The range of maximum fluctuation of SOAE level was 15.3 dB in right ear and 16.2 dB in left ear over a time interval of one week. ④ The maximum probability of repetitive appearance of unstable SOAE was only 22%. Sixtynine point two percent (18/26) of unstable SOAE occurred in lower than 2 kHz, only 30.8%(8/26) of unstable SOAE occurred in higher than 2 kHz. The mean of unstable SOAE level was(-20.30±7.13) dB. The mean level for unstable SOAE occurred in lower than 1 kHz was(-12.48±2.60) dB, which was significantly higher than the mean level for unstable SOAE occurred in higher than 1 kHz(-26.03±1.69dB)(t=15.10, P＜0.05).
Conclusion SOAE shows a high probability of repetitive appearance and high stability in frequency. However, amplitude of the SOAE shows wide fluctuations.

耳鼻咽喉头颈外科基础与临床研究

Regression Analysis of the Effects of Tinnitus

DING Lei;LIU Bo;WANG Jia-xi;LIU Da-xin

2011, 32(1):  46-49. 

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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture at acupoints in front of ears with drug treatment on tinnitus, to evaluate the interventions, and to analyze the possible factors influencing the treatment with the method of multivariate linear stepwise regression.
Methods Eighty cases with chronic subjective tinnitus in whom ringing in the ears was the first complaint and course of more than 3 months were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into acupuncture group and drug control group, 40 cases in each. In the acupuncture group the main points in front of ears were adopted and were treated through pulse stimulation, the needles were left for fifteen minutes each time, once a day and twenty times formed a course. The patients in the drug control group were given oral tablets, Ginkgo and Mecobalamin for 20 consecutive days. After the treatment, evaluation was made according to standards, and analyses were performed for factors that may affect efficacy of tinnitus.
Results Efficiency of the two groups were 52.5% and 37.5%, there was no significant difference(P=0.082). The effect Y had a negative correlation with the course X².
Conclusion Intervention with both the acupuncture and drug treatments was effective for patients with tinnitus.

Analysis of Mismatch Negativity in Cochlear Implant Users

KANG Hui;GONG Shu-sheng;CHEN Xue-qing;LIU Sha;

2011, 32(1):  50-54. 

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Objective To investigate the characteristics of the cochlear implant users on mismatch negativity(MMN).
Methods The standard(/ba/) and deviant stimuli (/da/) were presented in an oddball paradigm and the MMN were recorded. The relevance among the scores of speech discrimination and the characters of MMN and the mean auditory thresholds were investigated.
Results The peak latency of MMN in the cochlear implant(CI) group was significantly longer than that in the control group, but the amplitude changed slightly. A significant correlation was found between the scores of speech discrimination and the characters of MMN in CI group.
Conclusion There was significant correlation among the scores of speech discrimination and MMN, which further confirmed that mismatch negativity is a tool for the assessment of stimuli discrimination in cochlear implant subjects.

Natural Course of Allergic Disorders and Intervention

DUAN Su;ZHANG Yuan;ZHANG Luo;

2011, 32(1):  55-59. 

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Several studies have demonstrated that the progression of allergic diseases during early childhood is often referred to as the atopic march. The atopic march refers to the natural history of allergic or atopic manifestations characterized by a typical series of clinical symptoms and conditions appearing during a certain age period and persisting over a number of years. Characteristic of the clinical signs is that some features become more prominent with time whereas others diminish or disappear completely. In general the clinical features of atopic dermatitis occur first and precede the development of allergic rhinitis and asthma. The pronounced global increase in the prevalence of atopic disease in recent years is a critical public health issue and has further increased the importance of early and accurate disease recognition. Understanding the natural history of these disorders and the interventions that may modify the development of allergy is essential in determining prognosis and providing advice for children at risk for allergic sensitization and disease.

Bmi1 Gene is Correlated with the Proliferation and Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Human Fetal Bone Marrow

WANG Fang;WANG Yang;ZHAO Chun-song;GUAN Yun-qian;ZHANG Yu;

2011, 32(1):  60-66. 

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Objective To understand whether Bmi-1(B cell specific moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1) gene participates the proliferation and senescence of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human fetal bone marrow.
Methods Mesenchymal stem cells were transfected by lentiviral vectors encoding human-Bmi-1 or GFP. At 0, 72, 120 and 168 h after transfection, the Bmi-1 mRNA transcription level was measured by Real-time PCR and the relative expression level was calculated by the formula:(Bmi-1/GAPDH of RNAi group)/(Bmi-1/GAPDH of GFP control). The cell number of BrdU incorporation and senescence were observed under microscope.
Results The transfection efficiency, identified by GFP fluorescence, was more than 90% in both human-Bmi-1 RNAi group and GFP control group. At 0 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 168 h after transfection, the relative expression level of Bmi-1 was(100±21)%, (28±18)%, (55±21)% and (58±22)%. Compared with 0 h, the relative expression level of Bmi-1 at 72 h, 120 h and 168 h was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the number of senescent cells increased significantly after Bmi-1 knockout.
Conclusion Bmi-1 participates in the maintenance of proliferation and juvenescence of MSCs, which is isolated from human fetal bone marrow.

Alteration of Cytosolic Calcium in mtDNAtransferred Cells ofAlzheimer’s Disease

ZHANG Lan;LIU Fang;WAN Sui-gui;JIA Jian-ping;LI Lin;

2011, 32(1):  67-72. 

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Objective To investigate the level of cytosolic free calcium in mitochondria DNA-transferred cells of Alzheimer’s disease and the influence of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) deficiency on calcium regulation capacity of cells.
Methods Platelets from AD patients and aged control persons were fused with mtDNA-depleted cells to develop mtDNAtransferred cell model. Cytochrome C oxidase(COX) activity was determined by microplate assay; cytosolic calcium was labeled with Fluo-3 and fluorescence density was detected with laser scan confocal microscope(LSCM) and flow cytometer(FCM).
Results COX activity was reduced in AD mtDNA-transferred cells when compared with aged control and young control. The resting cytosolic calcium was elevated in AD mtDNA-transferred cells compared with the controls and decreased when stimulated by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone(CCCP).
Conclusion The transfer of AD mtDNA was sufficient to produce pathological changes in cytosolic calcium regulation.

Effects of Cornel Iridoid Glycoside on Hippocampal Neuron Survival and Apoptosisregulating Factors in Fimbria-fornix Transected Rats

DING Yue-xia;;ZHANG Li;YE Cui-fei;WANG Wen;LI Lin;

2011, 32(1):  73-78. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of cornel iridoid glycoside(CIG) on hippocampal neuron survival and its mechanism after brain injury in rats.
Methods Rat model of mechanical brain injury was induced by fimbria-fornix transection(FFT). CIG was intragastrically administered for 28 days after the operation. Nissl's staining was used to evaluate neuron survival in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus. Protein expression of apoptosisregulating factors(including Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C) in the hippocampus of rats was detected by Western blotting.
Results Nissl staining showed a significant decrease in survived neurons in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus of FFT model rats; the administration of CIG(20, 60 and 180 mg·kg-1) significantly increased the number of neuronal survival, compared with the model rats. The protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, and the expression of Bax and cytochrome C was increased in hippocampus of FFT model rats; CIG significantly increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased the expression of Bax and cytochrome C, compared with the model rats.
Conclusion CIG markedly increased hippocampal neuronal survival in FFT model rats, and its mechanism may be related to the upregulation of apoptosis-inhibiting factors and downregulation of apoptosis-promoting factors.

Effects of Icariin on α-synuclein Over-expression and Ubiquitinproteasome System in Gene-transfected PC12 Cells

LIU Ying;;ZHANG Lan;LI Ya-li;LI Lin;

2011, 32(1):  79-83. 

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Objective To explore the effects of icariin, an effective component of Epimedium, on the over-expression and aggregation of α-synuclein(α-Syn) and other protein in vitro and mechanisms of the effects.
Methods Different concentrations of icariin were incubated with α-Syn gene-transfected PC12 cells for 24 h. The change in α-Syn mRNA content in the cells was determined by RT-PCR. The protein expression of α-Syn, UCH-L1 and Parkin was measured by Western blotting.
Results Incubation of icariin(40~80 μmol/L) with α-Syn gene-transfected PC12 cells for 24 h significantly decreased α-Syn mRNA content, inhibited α-Syn protein expression and aggregation, and enhanced the protein expression of UCH-L1 and Parkin in the model cells.
Conclusion Icariin inhibited the over-expression and aggregation of α-Syn in gene-tranfected PC12 cells in vitro, and the mechanisms may be related to the inhibition of synthesis and the enhancement of degradation of α-synuclein.

Establishment of an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Lewis Rats and Its Pathological Characteristics

YIN Lin-lin;LIN Li-li;WANG Lei;LI Lin;

2011, 32(1):  84-89. 

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Objective To develop an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) model in Lewis rats and observe its pathological characteristics for studying multiple sclerosis.
Methods An EAE model was established by immunizing Lewis rats with both guinea pig spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund’s adjuvant and pertussis toxin. The body weight and behavioral change of rats were monitored each day. Hematoxylin eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the inflammatory infiltration in the brain and spinal cord tissue, luxol fast blue(LFB) staining was utilized to detect demyelination change, and electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of myelin sheath in the spinal cord.
Results Along with the progression of course of disease, EAE model rats showed a significant decrease of body weight; the behavioral abnormality appeared on day 8, the score of nervous function increased gradually, and reached peak on day 12. HE and LFB staining showed the typical pathological changes including perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in white matter. The layers of myelin sheath turned looser in the spinal cord of EAE rats.
Conclusion An EAE model was successfully established in Lewis rats by using whole guinea pigs homogenate.

The Changes in Expression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Related Moleculars GRP78 and CHOP in Hippocampus of Mice with Diabetic Encephalopathy

YAN Ying;ZHAO Yong-mei;ZHAO Zhi-wei;WANG Yu-lan;LI Sen;

2011, 32(1):  90-94. 

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Objective To observe the changes in expression of glucose-regulating protein 78(GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein(CHOP) in the hippocampal CA1 region of mice with diabetic encephalopathy, and to explore the important role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER Stress) in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy.
Methods Sixty male mice were divided into a normal control group(n=25) and a diabetes mellitus(DM) group(n=35). Streptozocin（STZ）was freshly prepared and injected at 200 mg/kg, i.p. into mice which had been fasted for 12 h. At 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after STZ administration, immunohistochemistry was performed with GRP78 and CHOP antibodies. The numbers of GRP78 and CHOP positive cells were measured by imaging analysis software. Data was expressed as mean±standard deviation(SD).
Results ① The result of GRP78 antibody immunohistochemical staining showed that the morphology and numbers of GRP78-positive cells in hippocampal CA1 region of DM group mice at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after STZ injection were similar to those of normal control group mice. ② Immunohistochemical staining with CHOP antibody at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after STZ injection showed that normal control group mice had few lightlystained CHOPpositive cells in hippocampal CA1 region, while DM group mice had more darkly stained CHOP-positive cells in
hippocampalCA1 region. ③ At 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after STZ injection, the numbers of GRP78-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of DM group mice（12.00±3.60, 10.50±3.11, 13.75±3.01） showed no significant difference(P=0.29, P=0.23, P=0.06) compared with those of normal control group mice(10.33±2.34, 8.88±1.89, 7.00±3.2). The numbers of CHOP-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region of DM group mice at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after STZ injection(45.12±10.27, 32.88±6.58, 20.19±3.54) increased significantly(P=0.000, P=0.000, P=0.009) compared with those of normal control group mice（19.19±6.80, 15.44±5.35, 13.94±5.00）.
Conclusion The expression level of ER Stress related molecule CHOP in hippocampal CA1 region of diabetic encephalopathy mice was increased compared with that of normal mice. The hippocampus of diabetic encephalopathy mice underwent ER Stress. ER Stress might play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuronal degeneration of diabetic encephalopathy.

Rosiglitazone and Alzheimer’s Disease

ZHANG Xu;WANG Rong;

2011, 32(1):  95-99. 

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In modern aging society, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) has been increasing significantly. However, the pathogenesis of AD has not ever been elucidated, and effective treatment for AD is unavailable. Recent study reported that the risk for AD has a high correlation with Type Ⅱ diabetes. There is now an extensive evidence that has demonstrated the efficacy of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ) agonists rosiglitazone in ameliorating disease-related pathology and improved learning and memory in AD patients and animal models. These evidences and the mechanism of rosiglitazone are reviewed in this paper.

Role of the p16INK4a/p14ARF Gene in Cell Senescence and Tumor Suppression

WANG Fang;GUAN Yunqian

2011, 32(1):  100-105. 

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The cell morphology and biochemical composition may be changed after cell senescence, it causes the physiological disorder, and then cells enter the apoptosis and death programs. Cell senescence is a mechanism to prevent immortalization and canceration and to prevent tumorigenesis at the cell level. It is caused by many reasons, during the recent years some researches find that the activation of p16INK4apRb pathway and p14ARFp53 pathway are closely correlated with the priming and adjusting process of cell senescence. The studies about the cell senescence signal transduction pathways and regulation factors can supply the research direction of the further knowledge of cell proliferation and senescence, the regulation of prevention and cure of tumor and the senescence correlated disease.

Construction and Identification of Yeast Two-hybrid Bait Vector pGBKT7COX-2

HE Ling-jie;ZHANG Shu-tian;ZHU Sheng-tao

2011, 32(1):  106-109. 

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Objective To construct the bait vector of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in yeast two-hybrid system 3, and to test it for its autonomous activation.
Methods COX-2 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) plasmid, and the EcoRⅠ and BamHⅠ sites were introduced into it. The COX-2 gene, after sequenced, was cloned into pGBKT7. These recombinant plasmids were transferred into Y190 and they activated the reporter genes.
Results The pGBKT7-COX-2 bait vector was successfully constructed and was identified that it had no autonomous activation.
Conclusion COX-2 gene has no self-activation, bait vector could be successfully constructed, the proteins interacting with COX-2 can be detected by the yeast two-hybrid system 3.

Effect of Erhuang Capsule on the Acute Inflammatory Reaction and Myelin Sheath Repairing in Model Rats of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis

LI Kang-ning;FAN Yong-ping;CHEN Ke-long;ZHOU Jian-ping;SHAO Yan;LIU Hong-yan;YANG Wen-jing

2011, 32(1):  110-115. 

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Objective To observe the protective and therapeutic effects of Erhuang capsule on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis(EAE) in rat model.
Methods Lewis rats were immunized by the mixture of antigen emulsion which contained spinal cord homogenate of guinea pig and complete Freund's adjuvant mixed in the ratio of 1:1 to induce EAE. The effects of Erhuang capsule on the incidence, CNS histopathologic change, and serum myelin basic protein level were observed.
Results Erhuang capsule could significantly ameliorate the clinical symptoms of EAE rats, reduce MBP content in serum, which were significantly different from those of the model group（P<0.05）. The infiltration areas of inflammatory cells in the brain, cerebellum, brain stem in different dosage groups of Erhuang capsule were significantly fewer than those in the model group（P<0.01）. The demyelination areas in the brain, cerebellum and brain stem in different dosage groups of Erhuang capsule were also significantly fewer than that in model group（P<0.05）. The demyelination areas in the longitudinal sections of spinal cord in the medium dose group of Erhuang capsule were notably fewer than those in the model group. The demyelination areas in the transections of spinal cord in the high and medium dose groups were also significantly fewer than that in the model group（P<0.05）.
Conclusion Erhuang capsule could increase the body weight of EAE rats, reduce the incidence, and cold also significantly improve the histopathologic change of brain and spinal cord.

A Comparative Study on the Effects of Sodium Aescinate and Medrol on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Oleic Acid in Rat Model

TIAN Wei;WANG Tong;NI Li

2011, 32(1):  116-120. 

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Objective To compare the effects of sodium aescinate and medrol on acute lung injury(ALI) induced by oleic acid(OA) in rat model.
Methods Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into nine groups, which were normal control 2 h, 6 h, 18 h groups, aescinate 2 h, 6 h, 18 h groups and medrol 2 h, 6 h, 18 h groups with 10 rats in each group. ALI models of rats were made by injecting OA(0.1 mL·kg^-1) through caudal veins, 30 min later the rats were intravenously injected with aescin sodium(2 mg·kg^-1) and medrol (5 mg·kg^-1) in two groups. Rats in normal control groups were injected with sodium chloride(0.1 mL·kg^-1) through caudal veins. Rats in each group were observed and sacrificed to detect correlated indices at 2 h, 6 h and 18 h after administration. The observed indicators included the partial arterial blood oxygen pressure(PaO2), lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D), the levels of plasma and lung tissue superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), matrix metallo-proteinase gelatinase B(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP-1).
Results Compared with normal control group, as 2 h, 6 h and 18 h, there were no significant change(P>0.05) in PaO₂, W/D, SOD, MDA, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in aescinate and medrol groups. Compared with medrol group, as 2 h and 6h, PaO2 of rats in aescinate group increased significantly(P<0.01) while there was an increasing tendency as 18 h(P>0.05); As6h, W/D of rats in sodium group decreased significantly(P<0.01) while there were no significant change(P>0.05) at 2 h and 18 h.
Compared with medrol group, at 2 h, 6 h and 18 h, there were no significant change(P>0.05) in plasma and lung tissue SOD, MDA, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in aescin group.
Conclusion Both aescin and medrol had anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative effect on ALI model of rats induced by OA. In the initial stage of the treatment, aescin had better effect while both had considerable effects in midanaphase.

A Novel Method for High Efficiency Amplification of Short DNA Fragments

LI Yan;LI Shan-shan;ZHANG Yu-xiang

2011, 32(1):  121-124. 

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Objective To establish a method for highly efficient amplification of small fragment DNA.
Methods Single-strand DNA intramolecular ligation was made by using singlestranded DNA ligase(ssDNA ligase), which can link small DNA fragments into a ring, and then isothermal rolling circle replication was carried out by using phi29 DNA polymerase. The amplified products were cut by incision enzyme. In this way, the small fragment DNA can be amplified at high efficiency.
Results SsDNA ligase can make 30 bp oligonucleotide DNA cyclization, and phi29 DNA polymerase can make amplification products more than 10 kb in length. Amplification products can be amplified second times after being cut by incision enzyme. It was also proved that the way of single strand DNA cyclization was intramolecular.
Conclusion This method can effectively amplify the small DNA fragments, and has broad prospects of application.

Investigation of Impact Factors for Chemotherapy Compliance of Tuberculosis Patients in Beijing

LIU Yun-ning;HOU Ming;WANG Wei;LI Ming-ying;GUO Xiu-hua

2011, 32(1):  125-128. 

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Objective To investigate the impact factors for chemotherapy compliance of tuberculosis patients in Beijing.
Methods Multilevel modeling techniques are commonly used in sociology or education, but seldom is it applied to the area of risk factor detection for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis patients’ registration information from 2005 to 2009 in Beijing was collected from Beijing Research Institute for Tuberculosis Control to explorer the impact factors for chemotherapy compliance of tuberculosis patients. In this study there are 21 222 confirmed tuberculosis patients for the multilevel binomial logistic model. The information included gender, age, occupation, patient registration categories, registered residence, diagnosis type, diagnostic results and reason of treatment termination. The authors identified there is a cluster tendency among participants from one district because of the similar economic level, lifestyle or medical conditions, so multilevel models were fitted to a twolevel hierarchy to identify impact factors affecting chemotherapy compliance of tuberculosis patients.
Results The cluster tendency was detected in the database(χ²=182.819, P<0.001). The risk factors for chemotherapy compliance of tuberculosis patients in Beijing included gender, age, occupation, patient registration categories, registered residence and diagnostic results. The results of the twolevel logistic regression analysis indicated that older than 40 years old(OR=1.357, 95% CI: 1.216~1.514), retreatment(OR=1.422, 95% CI: 1.320~1.532), other provinces(OR=1.501, 95% CI: 1.423~1.583) and smear-positive(OR=1.055, 95% CI: 1.005~1.108 for smear-negative) were risk factors for poor chemotherapy compliance, whereas female(OR=0.904, 95% CI: 0.861~0.949), workers and peasants(OR=0.830, 95% CI: 0.785~0.877 for retired staff, residents and unemployed people), government staff, health staff, teachers and students(OR=0.841, 95% CI: 0.783~0.904 for retired staff, residents and unemployed people) were protective factors.
Conclusion Multilevel binomial logistic models have higher accuracy than traditional multiple regression models. By establishing a multilevel model we can better describe the impacts of risk factors for chemotherapy compliance of tuberculosis patients, provide data for comparing the chemotherapy compliance rate with other regions, and helping the government to formulating targeted surveillance policies and prevention strategies. Strengthening management of poor chemotherapy compliance in tuberculosis patients is the key of improving tuberculosis cure rate and reducing transmission rate.

Evaluation of Methods for Rescuing Novel Adherent Cell Line Contaminatedby Bacteria in Cell Culture

WANG Hong;ZHANG Wei;MENG Na;

2011, 32(1):  129-134. 

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Objective To compare the methods for rescuing the cell line contaminated by bacteria.
Methods Antibiotics or antibiotic combined with macrophage or animal inoculation were used to eliminate the bacteria in laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell line LSC-1. Then cytokeratin(CK AE1/AE3) and DNA ploidy in LSC-1 cells were detected by immunohistochemical and flow cytometer analysis.
Results ① Cefoperazone/Sulbactam at a dose of 32 mg/L was the best one in three sensitive antibiotics and made LSC-1 cells to survive three passages. Cefoperazone/Sulbactam combined with macrophage made LSC-1 cells to survive 5~6 passages. But in the two methods, bacteria appeared again when Cefoperazone/Sulbactam was eliminated and the cells gradually died. LSC-1 cells that experienced animal inoculation survived over 8 passages with well growth, and bacterial culture was negative. ② The positive rate of CK AE1/AE3 in the cells undergone animal inoculation was higher than that of the other two groups and the same as that of the third passage of LSC-1 largely. ③ DNA ploidy analysis showed that LSC-1 cells undergone animal inoculation had diploid and aneuploid karyotypes and were consistent with the third passage of LSC-1. However LSC-1 treated with Cefoperazone/Sulbactam only expressed diploid.
Conclusion Using animal inoculation to eliminate contaminating bacteria in cell line is a useful method. Not only the bacteria can be cleared thoroughly but also the original characteristics and malignancy of the cell may be reserved.

Relationship between the Promoter Hypermethylation of RAS Gene and Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

DAI Ya-li;CAI De-hong;ZHANG Hua;ZHANG Zhen;CHEN Hong;LI Jing

2011, 32(1):  135-138. 

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Objective To study the expression of the tumor suppressor gene RAS in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) and the correlation between the expression and the aberrant promoter methylation of RAS gene.
Methods RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of RAS in 50 cases of PTC, 20 cases of nodular goiter and 12 cases of thyroid adenoma tissue. We examined the promoter methylation status of RAS gene by using methylation-specific PCR technique(MSP).
Results Hypermethylation of RAS gene in promoter region was detected in 30 of 50 cases with PTC(60%) and in 10 of 32 cases of control group(31.3%), the difference in methylation of RAS promoter was significantly higher in PTC patients than that in controls(χ²=6.46, P<0.05). The mRNA expression of RAS genes was significantly lower in PTCs than that in controls(the t value was 2.83, P<0.05). The sequencing confirmed that there was the CG →TG transmission in promoter of RAS genes.
Conclusion Methylation of RAS gene in promoter region is a common molecular event and may be involved in the genesis and development of human PTC.

Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy Under the Guidance of B-mode Ultrasound

ZENG Xiao-chun;CUI Wei-qi;WANG Qian;ZHAO Hong;LONG Xiang;LIU Wei-peng;FU Ping-lang

2011, 32(1):  139-142. 

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Objective To study the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) under the guide of Bmode ultrasound in treating kidney calculi.
Methods The clinical data of 159 patients with kidney calculi and upper ureteral calculi treated with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy under the guide of B-mode ultrasound from October 2006 were retrospectively investigated.
Results Good therapeutic effects were achieved by minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the 159 cases.
Conclusion Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy under the guide of B-mode ultrasound is safe and effective in treating kidney calculi. It may offer advantages with respect to less invasion and easy recovery.

Effects of Individualized Prescriptive Diet and a Fixed Prescriptive Diet Therapy on Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

HONG Zhong-xin;HUA Xin

2011, 32(1):  142-145. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of individualized prescriptive diet and a non-individualized, fixed prescriptive diet therapy on blood glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM2) patients.
Methods Totally 211 DM2 patients were randomly divided into a test group and a control group. According to the disease status of each patient, the patients in the test group were given individualized prescriptive diet+insulin therapy by a dietitian, while the patients in the control group were given a fixed single prescriptive diet+insulin therapy. The levels of fasting blood glucose, 2nd hour postmeal blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, fasting serum C protein were measured. Moreover, the index of insulin resistance and the maximum fluctuation of blood glucose after diets were calculated.
Results Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in fasting blood glucose, 2nd hour postmeal blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, fasting serum C protein, the index of insulin resistance and the maximum fluctuation of blood glucose between the two groups. After intervention, the levels of fasting blood glucose, 2nd hour postmeal blood glucose, the index of insulin resistance and the maximum fluctuation of blood glucose in the test group significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group(P<0.05). However differences in the levels of fasting serum insulin, fasting serum C protein between the two group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).
Conclusion After individual prescriptive diet therapy, the levels of fasting blood glucose and 2nd hour post-meal blood glucose were decreased, and the degree of insulin resistance was reduced.

Effect of Natural Light Therapy on the Prevention ofJaundice in Premature Infants

CHEN Sheng-ping;WANG Feng-ying;LIU Feng-ling

2011, 32(1):  146-148. 

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Objective To observe the clinical effect of natural light therapy on the prevention of jaundice in preterm infants.
Methods Totally 72 premature infants in whom hemolysis, asphyxia, infections and very low birth weight were excluded were randomly divided into two. Both groups were given regular warming, feeding and monitoring of blood glucose level. The infants in the control group were not given any other treatment; while infants in the other group(natural light treatment group) were treated with natural light every 3 hours for 3 days. The bilirubin levels were measured by a transdermal method.
Results The transdermal bilirubin level of the natural light treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group on days 2, 3 and 4(P<0.05).
Conclusion The natural light treatment as an early intervention may have positive effect in prevention and reduction of jaundice in preterm infants.

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Needle Tip Opening Directions in Combined Lumber and Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Section

GENG Xue-mei;ZHANG Hui-fang;JIANG Zi-quan

2011, 32(1):  149-151. 

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Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of combined spinalepidural anesthesia with needle opening in different directions for cesarean section before and after the skin insician was made. Vital signs, drug use, sensory block onset time, anesthesia time, the level of nerve blockage and the impact of skin incision were compared.
Methods Totally 210 cases who underwent routine elective caesarean section were enrolled into this study. They were divided into two groups according to the direction of spinal anesthesia clock port, group A with the inclined plane of the needle tip opening to the head(112 cases) and group B to the cauda(98 cases). After injection of the anesthetics with the pregnant women in lateral decubitus position, they were kept in left oblique 30° position.
Results The vital signs changed significantly(P<0.01) one minute after injection in group A as compared to group B and the left lateral position could not result in significant improvement, the majority of the cases in group A needed medication to improve the vital signs. There were no significant differences in time to skin incision as well as the onset time of sensory block(P>0.05).
Conclusion In combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for cesarean section, the inclined plane of the spinal anesthesia needle tip opening to the direction of cauda of the patient had little influence on the vital signs, medication risk reduction in caesarean section. Therefore, this method may be a better one in anesthesia for caesarean section.

医学前沿

TIME’s Top 10 Medical Breakthroughs of 2010

ZHANG Ting;WANG Xiao-min

2011, 32(1):  159-163. 

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TIME’s top 10 medical breakthroughs of 2010 were released on Dec.10, including the diagnostic and therapeutic study of heart attack and AIDs, the biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease and the modification of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR); the success of synthetic cell and artificial ovary, the optimization of in vitro fertilization(IVF), and the new generation of iPS; restriction of Avandia and a new indication of Botox.

Always from a Fresh New StartIntroduction to the Ten ScientificBreakthroughs of Year 2010

DING Wei

2011, 32(1):  164-167. 

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At the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century, the “Science” magazine published a special issue and outlined the 10 scientific breakthroughs of the year 2010, as well as the 10 most valued insights of the past decade. By honoring the scientists who contributed the fabulous work, the researchers worldwide will share their excitement of the scientific advances, prospect for the promising yet challenging future, and encourage themselves for the inspirations and hard work.