Abstract: The global prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) continues to rise at an accelerating pace, imposing a substantial public health burden that currently affects more than 500 million individuals worldwide. Increasing evidence highlights global climate change and oxidative stress (OS) as pivotal drivers of both susceptibility  and severity of AR. This article analyzes the mechanistic pathways through which climatic warming, elevated concentrations of airborne pollutants, and more frequent extreme weather events contribute to prolonged pollen exposure, heightened allergic sensitization, and impairment of the nasal epithelial barrier. These interrelated processes induce cellular dysfunction and trigger excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn aggravates the development and progression of AR. We further provide a systematic review of the complex interrelationships between climate change, OS, and AR pathogenesis. We propose the following measures: advancing the construction of “healthy cities” that adapt to climate change; integrating meteorological and air pollution data; optimizing the configuration of urban vegetation and environmental controls; enhancing public awareness of allergic diseases; and emphasizing a prevention measure for AR. A three-dimensional strategy encompassing “policy and public health — health education — integration of prevention and treatment” should be developed to address the challenges posed by climate-related and OS-associated AR, thereby optimizing strategies for disease prevention, control, and clinical management.

Key words: allergic rhinitis, climate change, oxidative stress, mechanism, prevention, allergen, reactive oxygen species