Abstract: In the late 20th century, Translational Medicine was first proposed in the United States of America. The totally new concept of Translational Medicine has basically eliminated the barrier between basic medicine and clinical medicine, and shortened the process of “bench to bedside”. In this article, the great role of Translational Medicine in the development of classical neurosurgery, microneurosurgery, and minimally invasive neurosurgery will be discussed based on the one century history of neurosurgery. Minimally invasive neurosurgery will further grow into the stage of forming the technical platform for Translational Medicine. Great future can be expected in the neurosurgery field.

Key words: translational medicine, classical neurosurgery, microneurosurgery, minimally invasive neurosurgery