Table of Content

21 December 2009, Volume 30 Issue 6

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Effects of L-arginine on Ciliary Motility in Rabbit Tracheal Epithelial Cells

JIAO Jian;WANG Hong;MENG Na;ZHANG Luo

2009, 30(6):  729-732.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.001

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Objective To investigate the effects of L-arginine on ciliary beat frequency(CBF) in rabbit tracheal epithelial cells. Methods Cultured rabbit tracheal explants were treated with 10 mmol/L L-arginine and 100 μmol/L N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME), the CBF was measured by high-speed digital microscopy. Results 1 CBF of epithelial cells in Hank's balanced salt solution(HBSS) control group showed no significant changes in 25 min. 2 CBF increased with time in 10 mmol/L L-arginine-treated group, significant changes were observed at 20 min and 25 min treatment. 3 Pretreatment with 100 μmol/L L-NAME for 10 min blocked the increase of CBF by 10 mmol/L L-arginine, CBF showed no significant changes compared with control group. 4 100 μmol/L L-NAME treatment for 35 min did not change CBF of ciliary cells. Conclusion L-arginine increased CBF of rabbit tracheal epithelial cells via the nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide(NOS-NO) signal pathway.

Correlation Analysis of Serum Specific IgE and Skin Prick Test in Allergic Rhinitis Patients

ZHANG Yuan;LIU Cheng-yao;ZHANG Luo;

2009, 30(6):  733-736.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.002

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Objective To evaluate the correlation between serum specific IgE and skin prick test for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Methods A total of 82 individuals with house dust mites related allergic rhinitis symptoms and positive SPT results were enrolled. The UniCAP100 system was employed to detect the house dust mites specific IgE which includes dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and dermatophagoides farinae. Results Of the 82 subjects with HDM-related symptoms and positive SPT results, 55 individuals showed equal to or greater than 1 class sIgE level for both Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae. Increasing sIgE level correlated with higher SPT grades in both Der p(r_s=0.58) and Der f(r_s=0.60). In 41 to 60 years age group, however, the correlation was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the correlation coefficient exhibited increased value with aging. Conclusion The positive correlation between SPT and sIgE reaction to HDM varied according to age of the patients. For patients over 40 years of age, both of the exams should be recommended for detecting allergy to HDM.

Effect of Topical Steroids on Nasal and Oral Nitric Oxide Production in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

GAO Qian;;WANG Cheng-shuo;LUO Xue-rui;ZHANG Luo;

2009, 30(6):  737-740.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.003

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Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether nasal and oral exhaled levels of nitric oxide are increased in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and the effect of topical use of steroids on levels of nitric oxide in nasal and oral exhale. Methods We measured the concentration of NO in the exhale from the nose and mouth of 28 patients with seasonal rhinitis who had not received any treatment for at least 4 weeks. All of them were then treated with Budesonide Nasal Spray(512 μg, QD) for 14 days. Measurements were performed before and after the 14 days of treatment. As a control group we evaluated 80 healthy adults. To measure NO we used a chemiluminescence analysis. Results Before and after treatment patients with allergic rhinitis showed a mean nasal and oral exhale NO concentration significantly higher than that of the control group. After 14 days of therapy, a significant decrease of nasal NO concentration, but no significant change of oral NO concentration were observed. Conclusion Intranasal steroid therapy significantly reduces nasal NO production in patients with allergic rhinitis and exhaled nitric oxide may be a useful marker for nasal and oral inflammation in patients with seasonal rhinitis.

耳鼻咽喉头颈外科进展

Role of JNK Signaling Pathway Involved in the Cochlea of Aged Rats

XIE Jing;LUO Ling-hui;XUE Qiu-hong;GONG Shu-sheng

2009, 30(6):  741-745.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.004

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Objective To explore the involvement of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase pathway(JNK, also known as stress-activated protein kinase/SAPK) in the cochlear of aged rats. Methods Hearing threshold was detected with auditory brainstem response(ABR). Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used to observe the ultrastructure of cochlear. In addition, expression of p-JNK and p-c-Jun were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Auditory threshold in the aged group〔(72.083±13.345)dBSPL〕 was elevated compared to the control group〔(32.083±3.878)dBSPL〕, P<0.01). Accordingly, apoptosis was confirmed in the cochlea from aged group by TEM. The expression of p-JNK and p-c-Jun were significantly increased in the aged groups(P<0.05). Conclusion The activation of JNK singling pathway maybe contributed to the apoptosis of aged cochlear, which probably provided more possibility in prevention and treatment of the presbycusis.

Clinical and Polysomnographic Characteristics of Patients with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Disordered Breathing

YE Jing-ying;HAN De-min;LI Yan-ru;CAO Xin;LIU Zhi-yong;DING Xiu;ZHANG Yu-huan

2009, 30(6):  746-751.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.005

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Objective To test the hypothesis that there would be a subgroup of patients who have rapid eye movement(REM) predominance of obstructive events and that these subjects share certain clinical characteristics and to assess factors influencing the distribution of events by sleep state in patients with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA). Methods Polysomnography recordings of 417 adults with OSA were reviewed. Apnea hypopnea index(AHI) and duration of respiratory events were calculated separately for REM and non-REM(NREM) sleep and compared. A REM predominance index(RPI) was determined using REM/NREM AHI and its possible influencing factors were investigated. REM sleep related OSA was defined as RPI>or=2. Their polysomnography data and clinical characteristics were compared with other subjects. Results There was no significant difference between AHI in REM vs NREM sleep(t=-0.361, P=0.718). But the difference in apnea-hypopnea time index(AHTI) was significant at the 0.01 level(t=5.784). Higher AHI in NREM than REM sleep was found in 229(55.0%) patients; 286 patients(68.6%) had a higher AHTI in REM sleep than NREM sleep. Analysis showed that RPI was significantly correlated with AHI(r=-0.234, P=0.000). Sixty-seven subjects were REM sleep related OSA patients(16.7%). Differences existed in AHI(t=10.708), arousal index(t=6.070), nadir SaO₂(t=-5.989), proportion of obstructive apnea index to AHI(t=4.282), ESS score(t=2.772) and BMI(t=2.858) between REM sleep related OSA patients and the other subjects. There was no significant difference between sleep state distribution and age. Conclusion The duration of respiratory events was longer in REM sleep than in NREM sleep while AHI was similar. REM sleep-related OSA is a problem in only the patients with mild and moderate disease.

Cochlear Implantation in Patients with LVAS: Audiological Characteristics and Outcomes

LIU Bo;DONG Rui-juan;CHEN Xue-qing;GONG Shu-sheng;LI Yong-xin;ZHENG Jun;HAN De-min

2009, 30(6):  752-756.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.006

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Objective To analyze the audiological characteristics of the cochlear implanted patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome(LVAS) and investigate the effects of the age of final diagnosis of LVAS on the postoperative results and the value of early diagnosis. Methods One hundred and twelve patients with LVAS who received cochlear implants between the year of 2000 and 2008 at the Cochlear Implant Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital were investigated in this study. The audiological results were assessed by using Infant-toddle Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale(IT-MAIS) or Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale(MAIS) questionnaire or Nijmegen Cochlear Implantation Questionnaire(NCIQ) depending on the age of the patients. Results 1 The average age of onset of hearing loss(HL) was(2.1±1.76) years old. The average age of final diagnosis of LVAS was(7.0±7.34) years old. There is a significant delay from the onset to final diagnosis of LVAS. 2 In the preoperatively diagnosed group(group A) of 50(44.6%) patients, the average age of HL onset was 2.0 years old, and both the average age of final diagnosis of LVAS and the average age of operation were 9.0 years old. In the non-preoperatively diagnosed group(group B) of 62 patients(55.4%), the average age of HL onset was 1.5 years old, and the average age of final diagnosis of LVAS and the average age of implantation were 2.3 and 4.0 years old, respectively. 3 One hundred and twelve patients suffered from profound sensorineural hearing losses. There was no significant difference in the speech communication ability between group A and B. 4 For 18 adult patients, the scores of NCIQ were significantly different between the group A and B(P=0.029); For the 16 patients under the age of 7 years old, there was no significant difference in the ability of MAIS questionnaire between the two groups during the first two months following implantation. Conclusion The final diagnosis of LVAS was much delayed from the onset of HL. Early diagnosis of LVAS may contribute to the protection of the residual hearing and benefit for auditory rehabilitation after cochlear implantation.

The Strategy of Bilateral Neck Dissection in cN0 of Supraglottic Laryngeal Cancer

YU Zhen-kun;HUANG Zhi-gang;NI Xin;FANG Ju-gao;FAN Er-zhong;HAN De-min

2009, 30(6):  757-759.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.007

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Objective To investigate the surgical strategy for bilateral cN0 supraglottic laryngeal cancer. Methods Between 1998 and 2002, 32 cases of supraglottic cancer(especially located at midline) with bilateral cN0 necks were treated using ipsilateral selective neck dissection within level Ⅱ and Ⅲ in surgery, after completing the dissection the obtained specimens were detected using frozen section. If the lymph nodes were positive, the contralateral regional neck dissection of level Ⅱ and Ⅲ were conducted. If negative, the contralateral neck was spare and follow-up. Results In 11 of 32 cases of supraglottic cancer of larynx bilateral neck dissections was conducted depending on the results of frozen pathologic results. The bilateral neck dissections rate was 34.4%(11/32) and 6 of this 11 necks contained metastasis, the effective rate was 54.5%(6/11). Conclusion The neck dissection of level Ⅱ and Ⅲ could be used in cN0 necks of supraglottic cancer of larynx. The strategy of contralateral selective neck dissection conducted depending on one side frozen section results can be used and provided us a reasonable trail on the bilateral cN0 patients of supraglottic cancer.

Experimental Study on Methods for Primary Culture of Geniculate Ganglion Cells and Spiral Ganglion Cells of Adult Guinea Pigs

ZHAI Meng-yao;GAO Zhi-qiang;LIANG Ying-juan;SHEN Peng

2009, 30(6):  760-765.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.008

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Objective To determine optimal in vitro culture systems for guinea pig's geniculate ganglion cells(GGCs) and spiral ganglion cells(SGCs) by characterizing the in vitro growth of GGCs and SGCs under different culture systems. Methods Full path of facial nerve coursing was anatomized through the temporal bone and spiral ganglion of adult guinea pigs was dissected. The facial nerve and spiral ganglion tissue were digested with trypsin or collagenase typeⅠ. After enzymatic treatment, the remaining tissue was cultured with a serum-free medium supplemented with a substitute of serum or with a medium supplemented with low concentration of serum and mitotic inhibitor. The survival and appearance of GGCs and SGCs were checked under microscope. Neurons were identified by immunofluorescence method. Results Under either system we tested, GGCs and SGCs of adult guinea pig could be maintained alive successfully. In-vitro ganglion cells were able to grow into typical shape of neurons. Degeneration of ganglion cells was more significant in the medium containing serum and mitotic inhibitor. The appearance of non-neuron cells was more profound in medium supplemented with serum either. The GGCs and SGCs are identified with mouse antineutron-specific nuclear protein antibody by immunohistochemical method. Conclusion GGCs and SGCs of adult guinea pig could survive in appropriate in-vitro culture condition. Both the medium with low concentration of serum and mitotic inhibitor and the serum-free medium supplemented with a substitute of serum are able to maintain the growth of GGCs and SGCs in vitro.

Change in Expression of Heat Shock Protein 27 in Facial Motor Nucleus after Facial Nerve Axotomy

LI Wan-xin;GAO Zhi-qiang;XU Miao

2009, 30(6):  766-769.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.009

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Objective To study the change in the level of heat shock protein 27 in facial motor nucleus after facial nerve axotomy. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: experimental group, surgical control group, and blank control group, with 10 rats in each group; at the time points of pre- and 1, 2, 3, 4 days post-right facial nerve axotomy, the samples of right facial motor nucleus of 2 rats in every group were collected; the supernatant containing heat shock protein 27 from the collected tissue samples were collected and the level of heat shock protein 27 in the three different experimental groups were determined by the use of Western blotting. Results In the experimental group, the expression level of heat shock protein 27 in facial motor nucleus was significantly up-regulated on the 1st day post- facial nerve axotomy as compared with pre- facial nerve axotomy, peaked on the 2nd day post-facial nerve axotomy, declined on the 3rd day post-facial nerve axotomy, and further declined on the 4th day post-FNA, which was still higher than the expression level of pre- facial nerve axotomy; in the surgical and blank control group, there was no significant difference in the level of heat shock protein 27. Conclusion After facial nerve axotomy, the level of heat shock protein 27 was obviously up-regulated in facial motor nucleus, peaked on the 2nd day post-facial nerve axotomy, and then gradually declined on the 3rd and 4th day post-facial nerve axotomy, but still remained higher than the level of pre-facial nerve axotomy.

Transcriptional Circuitries of T Helper cells in Allergic Diseases

Zhang Yuan;WANG Cheng-shuo;ZHANG Luo;

2009, 30(6):  770-774.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.010

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Originally interpreted within the framework of a binary T_H1/T_H2 paradigm, the knowledge of the pathogenesis of allergic diseases has broadened to incorporate the contribution of T regulatory cells and the newly described proinammatory T_H17 cell lineage. The commitment of peripheral T-cell clones to undergo differentiation into one of those lineages is shaped by transcriptional circuitries that center on key transcriptional regulators: T-box expressed in T cells(T_H1), GATA-3(T_H2), forkhead box p3(T regulatory cells), and retinoid-related orphan receptor gt/retinoid-related orphan receptor a(T_H17). The aim of this review is to elaborate on the transcriptional regulation mechanism of different T-cell subsets and their functions in allergic diseases.

慢性丙型肝炎临床研究

Differentiations of CD8⁺ T-cell before Treatment Are Associated with the Rapid Virological Response to Antiviral Therapy in Patients Chronically Infected with Hepatitis C Virus

HE Zhi-min;ZHAO Yan;ZHANG Yong-hong;MA Li-na;SHI Ling-xian;JIN Yi;ZHANG Xiao-dan;CHEN Xin-yue

2009, 30(6):  775-779.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.011

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Objective To investigate the association between the differentiations of CD8⁺ T cell before treatment and the rapid virological response to antiviral therapy in patients infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV). Methods The presences of CD27 and CD28 on the surface of CD8⁺ T-cell were monitored using flow cytometry in 40 patients chronically infected with HCV before treatment with pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin. The differentiations of CD8⁺T cell were assessed at early stage(CD28⁺/CD27⁺), intermediate stage(CD28^-/CD27⁺) and late stage(CD28^-/CD27^-). Then, a comparison on differentiations of CD8⁺T cells between patients who presented a rapid virological response(RVR) to therapy and those who did not show any RVR(no RVR) was performed. Results A clear difference in the presences of CD27 and CD28 on the surface of CD8⁺ T-cell was found: in patients with RVR, the percentages of CD27 and CD28 were much higher than those in patients without RVR, the difference was significant(P=0.004 and P=0.01, respectively). Moreover, the differentiations of CD8⁺T cells were compared between patients with RVR and without RVR: in patients with RVR, the dominant cells were the ones in early/intermediate stage, while, a late differentiation process of CD8 T cells might be associated with lack of rapid response to treatment. Conclusion The differentiations of CD8⁺ T cell before treatment are related to the rapid virological response to antiviral therapy in patients infected with HCV, this phenomenon indicates that cytotoxic T cell may be involved in the clearance of HCV during the treatment with interferon.

Phosphorylation of Keratin 18(Ser33, Ser52) in Apoptosis of HepG2 Cells and Its Significance

LIU Ya-li;SHI Ying;MA Li-na;JI Yun-xia;WEI Fei-li;WU Hao;CHEN De-xi;CHEN Xin-yue

2009, 30(6):  780-783.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.012

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Objective To study the phosphorylation of K18 in apoptosis of HepG2 cells and its significance. Methods Apoptosis was induced in HepG2 cells by cisplatin(CDDP). Cells were stained by Annexin V and PI, then analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate apoptosis. Protein levels of K18 and Ser33, Ser52 phosphorylation of keratin 18 in apoptosis cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results The apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells increased along with the increase of CDDP concentration. The protein level of Ser52 phosphorylated keratin 18 increased along with the concentration of CDDP. The protein level of Ser33 phosphorylated keratin 18 increased with low concentration of CDDP, but decreased evidently with high concentration of CDDP. Conclusion Ser33, Ser52 phosphorylation of keratin 18 has close relationship with apoptosis of HepG2 cells.

Clinical Study on the Efficacy of Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2a Plus Ribavirin in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection

HUANG Yan-xiang;CHEN Xin-yue;LIN Zun-hui;JIN Hai-ying;MA Li-na;XIE Fang;GUO Xiang-hua;SHI Hong-lin

2009, 30(6):  784-787.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.013

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of pegylated interferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) and hepatitis B virus/(HBV) coinfection. Methods A retrospective study was designed to analyze the efficacy of therapy with pegylated interferon alpha-2a plus ribavirin in 56 patients with HCV infection and 46 patients with HCV/HBV coinfection for 48 weeks and follow-up for 24 weeks. At the same time 60 patients with HBV infection were treated with pegylated interferon alpha-2a. Results The sustained virological response(SVR) rate of HCV/HBV coinfection was markedly lower than that of single HCV infection(13.04% vs 48.21%, OR: 6.207, 95% CI: 1.655-23.28, χ²=8.562, P=0.003) as well as lower than that of single HBV infection(13.04% vs 45.00%, OR: 5.455, 95% CI: 1.463-20.332, χ²=7.357, P=0.007). Conclusion The IFNα plus ribavirin treatment was effective in HCV/HBV coinfected patients, but its efficacy was not as good as those in single HCV infected patients and single HBV infected patients. More powerful methods for treating HCV/HBV coinfection should be developed in the near future.

Expression of Insulin Receptor in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

SHAO Qing;JI Dong;ZHANG Jian;CHEN Xin-yue;CHEN Guo-feng

2009, 30(6):  788-790.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.014

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Objective To observe insulin receptor (INSR) expression in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection. Methods Twenty-seven patients with chronic hepatitis C were selected, and a liver biopsy was performed at the baseline. These patients were divided into 3 groups based on pathological classification(METAVIR fibrosis stage F0, n=8; F1-2, n=15; F3-4, n=4). Clinical routine biochemical parameters were examined. Liver tissue total RNAs were extracted and prepared with a commercial kit, then cDNAs were synthesized and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of INSR of patients from the 3 different groups. Results Alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST) and bilirubin(BIL) had no change in the patients of the 3 groups, but fasting blood glucose(FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(PBG), glycohemoglobin increased, and cholinesterase(CHE), INSR expression decreased when METAVIR fibrosis stage rose. Compared with F0 group, INSR expression of F1-2 group was 78.8%, and that of F3-4 group was 30% of the value of F0 group. Conclusion Expression of INSR decreases, and the morbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases with the advancing of METAVIR fibrosis stage in patients with chronic HCV infection.

Glycometabolism in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Their Risk Factors

WANG Li-fen;ZHANG Ai-qiu;SHAN Yuan;HUO Na;LU Hai-ying;WU Chi-hong;XU Xiao-yuan

2009, 30(6):  791-794.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.015

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Objective To study the prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with chronic hepatitis C and their clinical features and risk factors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 152 patients with chronic hepatitis C(54 with liver cirrhosis) and 82 with chronic hepatitis B(30 with liver cirrhosis ). Results 1 The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis C was 24.8% and 19.2%, respectively. The occurrence of diabetes mellitus in patients with liver cirrhosis was 25.9%, and in patients with child-pugh A, B and C the occurrence was 17.4%, 29.2%, 42.9%, respectively. 2 The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis B was 9.7 %, and in liver cirrhosis(child-pugh C) was 6.7%. 3 The prevalence of type Ⅱ diabetes in patients with CHC was significantly higher than that in patients with CHB(P<0.01). 4 By Logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated with T2MD of CHC patients were genotype 1b, age, hypertensive, liver cirrohosis. Conclusion A considerable proportion of patients with CHC had abnormalities in glucose metabolism and type Ⅱ diabetes, and an increased prevalence of type Ⅱ diabetes was found associated with age, hypertension, genotype 1b and liver cirrhosis.

Impact of Alcohol Drinking on the Clinical Progression and Outcome of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

SHAN Yuan;HUO Na;ZHANG Ai-qiu;WANG Li-fen;LU Hai-ying;XU Xiao-yuan

2009, 30(6):  795-798.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.016

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Objective To determine the impact of alcohol use on the clinical progression and outcome in patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection. Methods A retrospective comparative analysis was performed in alcohol non-drinkers and drinkers to assess the variations of chronic hepatitis C patients in the clinical tests, virology, and prognosis. Results A total of 162 patients were enrolled. Of these, 99 were non-drinkers, 34 were mild drinkers, and 29 were heavy drinkers. The median clinical course of disease of the 3 groups were 12 years, 9 years, and 8 years(P=0.005). The test results of alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT), total bilirubin(TBIL) and mean corpuscular volume(MCV) had a significant difference between non-drinkers and mild or severe drinkers (P<0.05). There was a higher rate of high HCV-RNA load in heavy drinkers compared with the non-drinkers(31.0% and 14.1%, P=0.037). Cirrhosis was proved 32.3%(32 persons) in non-drinkers, 43.3%(13 persons) in mild drinkers, and 62.1%(18 persons) in heavy drinkers(P=0.015). The mortality rate was 4.0%(2 persons) in non-drinkers, 5.9%(2 persons) in mild drinkers, and 17.2%(5 persons) in heavy drinkers(P=0.000). However, there was no significant difference on the morbidity of liver cancer between non-drinkers and drinkers. Conclusion Alcohol consumption could aggravate the hepatic lesions, accelerate the clinical progression, and increase the morbidity and mortality of cirrhosis in chronic HCV patients. In addition, large amount of alcohol consumption may increase HCV replication.

Progress in Studies on Mechanism of Hepatitis C Virus Resistance to Interferon Treatment

REN Shan;CHEN Xin-yue

2009, 30(6):  799-804.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.017

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Interferon plays a critical role in the host's natural defense against viral infections and in their treatment. Interferon is one of the two drugs that constitute the only antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection; however, in a certain proportion of cases the virus is resistant to interferon. Several HCV proteins have been shown to possess properties that enable the virus to evade the interferon-mediated cellular antiviral responses.

基础研究

Effect of 11,12-Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids on Injury of Endothelial Cells induced by Hypoxia/reoxygenation and ICAM-1

QIU Xiao-wei;WANG Jue;WANG Hong-xia;WANG Wen;JIANG Dong-qiao;LU Ling-qiao;TANG Chao-shu;ZHANG Li-ke

2009, 30(6):  805-808.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.018

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Objective To investigate the effects of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids(11, 12-EET) on injury of endothelial cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), and reveal the possible pathway of EETs on protection. Methods Primary cultured HUVECs were randomly divided into control group, 11, 12-EET control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation group, 11, 12-EET hypoxia/reoxygenation group. Hypoxia/reoxygenation injury model in HUVECs was produced by exposed to hypoxia(2% O₂, 5% CO₂ and 93% N₂) for 3 hours, respectively, followed by reoxygenation(95% air and 5% CO₂). The cell viability were monitored by MTT assay. Colorimetry method was used to assay methyl lnedioxyamphetamine(MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in culture medium. The ICAM-1 mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The ICAM-1 protein expression was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay(ELISA). Western blotting method was used to detect the expression of protein kinase B(Akt). Results 11, 12-EET caused the minor injury in normal oxygen incubated HUVECs, but in hypoxia/reoxygenation HUVECs, it raised the cell viability markedly, decreased MDA content, increased the activity of SOD and the expression of Akt, and depressed the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA and protein. Conclusion 11, 12-EET may provid the protective effection against endothelial cell hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. The mechanism may be related to increasing the activity of SOD and elimination of oxygen-derived free radicals,increasing the expression of Akt, and depressing the expression of ICAM-1 mRNA and protein.

Experimental System and Method to Research Pupil-blocking and Passive Deformation of Iris Tissue

BO Xue-feng;CAO Hai-yong;YANG Jin;TAN Yan;TIAN Xin;QUAN Hai-ying;LIU Zhi-cheng

2009, 30(6):  809-811.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.019

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Objective To design an experimental system, which can simulate the pupil-blocking phenomena and passive deformation of iris tissue without destroying orbicular structure and activity of iris and to measure passive deformation of rabbit iris when difference between the pressure of anterior chamber and the pressure of posterior chamber changed. Methods The binocular stereo system, which was designed and improved upon the primary experimental device, can obtain continuous pressure data and corresponding 2D image of iris from two cameras in the course of load-pressure. The authors computed 3D coordinate of iris related to the difference of pressure based on stereo vision then dealt with the coordinate of Z axes, which was the height of passive deformation of iris, and obtained the curve of relation between the height of passive deformation of iris and the difference in pressure. Results The 3D data of iris during load-pressure was increased from 0 to 600 Pa. Sever curves of iris were 50 Pa, 100 Pa, 200 Pa, 300 Pa, 400 Pa, 500 Pa and 600 Pa. Conclusion Passive deformation occurred in rabbit iris tissue when load-pressure was increased.

Effects of Bcl-2, Bak, caspase-9, 3 in Vitamin E Succinate Induced Apoptosis of Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells

YUAN Lin-hong;ZHANG Xiao-hua;ZHANG Ling;WU Kun

2009, 30(6):  812-816.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.020

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Objective To study the growth inhibition and apoptosis-inducing effects of vitamin E succinate(VES) in human gastric carcinoma cells in vitro. Methods Cultured human gastric carcinoma cells were used as tumor model. MTT method was applied to detect the growth inhibition effect of VES in human gastric cancer cells. Apoptosis induced by VES treatment was detected by using Annexin-V-FITC assay. Protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bak, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were explored by Western blotting method. Results Treatment with 12.5~50 μmol/L VES for 24 h inhibited human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells growth in a dose-dependent manner. The results of Annexin-V-FITC indicated that 50 μmol/L VES treatment for 12 h induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cell in a time-dependent manner. Besides, the regulation effects of VES on the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bak with the cleavage and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 were proved by Western blotting assay. Conclusion VES inhibited human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells growth and induced apoptosis with the regulation of Bcl-2, Bak protein expression and cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3.

Application of Double Staining of In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry in Brain Slices

YANG Li-jun;HAN Wei-juan;CUI Hong;HUANG De-zhuang

2009, 30(6):  817-820.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.021

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Objective To investigate the use of immunohistochemistry(IHC) in combination with in situ hybridization(ISH) to detect a special gene at nucleotide level and protein level at the same time on whole brain slices. Methods After culturing the whole brain slices of rats, HE staining was applied to assess the quality of frozen section of brain slices. Then ISH was used in combination with IHC to detect the expression of a special gene. Results Whole brain slices grew well enough to be used in following research. Compared to either IHC or ISH, combination of both was able to detect the gene at nucleotide level and protein level at the same time. Conclusion Double staining was superior to IHC or ISH. This technique could be used in detecting the nucleotide and protein in brain slices.

A Sensitive and Specific Method of Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Using SYBR GreenⅠ for Detection of c-myc Gene

SUN Xiu-jing;ZHU Sheng-tao;XU You-qing;ZHANG Shu-tian

2009, 30(6):  821-826.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.022

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Objective To construct the recombinant plasmid and standard curve for detection of c-myc gene by real-time quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR) using SYBR GreenⅠ and establish the FQ-PCR assay for accurate detection of c-myc gene. Methods The c-myc cDNA was acquired by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) after isolating total RNA from tissue of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). The purified product of PCR was subsequently ligated with pGEM-T Easy vector and transferred into bacterium DH-5α. The recombinant plasmid picked out from positive clones was amplified by PCR, digested with restriction endonuclear EcoRⅠ and sequenced. The mass concentration of the recombinant plasmid was measured and transformed to copy concentration. Then the recombinant plasmid was diluted to series standard concentration and amplified by FQ-PCR. Results That c-myc recombined with pGEM-T Easy vector was proved by digestion and PCR amplification and sequence analysis. The standard curve for detection of c-myc gene was constructed with good correlation with Ct(cycle threshold), the correlation coefficient(ｒ²) ranged from -0.99 to -1.00, the slope ranged from -3.1 to -3.6. Conclusion The recombinant plasmid and standard curve to detect the c-myc gene by SYBR GreenⅠ approach was good in sensitivity, specificity and linear function. It can be used as a standard method of FQ-PCR for detection of c-myc gene.

Analyze the Physical Examination Participation Rate of Employees Over the Age of 40 in the Medical University During the Year 2005-2008

ZHU Xiao-fang;HOU Jie;HU Mei;DUAN Bao-huan;ZHU Xian

2009, 30(6):  827-830.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.023

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Objective To understand the rate of participation of the staff in physical examinations and factors affecting the rate. Methods The physical examination reports of employees over the age of 40 at Capital Medical University(CMU) during the year 2005-2008 were retrospectively analyzed and the participation rates among different departments and its overall value were compared. Results The participation rate increased gradually year by year; however, the participators' compliance decreased. The participation rate varied in different physical examinations and was affected by the employees' education background. Conclusion Improvements on the exam settings are needed in order to increase the participation rate, and the training on the importance of physical examination is needed to carry out.

临床研究

Abnormality of Self-reference Effect in Mania Patients

ZHAO Xin;MA Xin;JIA Hong-xiao;ZHU Hong;BU Li

2009, 30(6):  831-833.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.024

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Objective To investigate the relationship between mania and self using paradigm of self-reference effect(SRE). Methods SRE was measured in mania patients and 15 normal controls matched in age and education degree, and the results were analyzed. Results SRE was shown in normal controls, and R performance on Self task was better than on Luxun task(P＜0.01). But in mania patients, there were no significant differences in R performance among Self task and Luxun task(P＞0.05). The results demonstrated that SRE was not shown in mania patients. Conclusion There was abnormality in self-reference effect in mania patients.

Effect of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Complex 912 Injection on Tissue Oxygenation in the Animal Model of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

REN Tian-hua;Wu Yuan-xing;REN Ai-ming;ZHANG Shu-wen;WANG Bao-en

2009, 30(6):  834-837.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.025

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Objective To study the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine complex 912(Co 912) injection on the tissue oxygenation in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) animal model. Methods Totally 32 one-year-old male piglets with body weight 20~25 Kg were selected for this study. Escherichia coli(E. coli, 17 million/Kg) was injected into right jugular vein, and 5 hours later, all the animals developed MODS, and these MODS model piglets were randomly divided into the following groups: Co 912 injection treatment group; and normal saline control group. The tissue oxygenation-index(arterial oxygen content, CaO₂, oxygen delivery, DO₂, oxygen consumption, VO₂, oxygen delivery index, DO₂I, oxygen consumption index, VO₂I, oxygen extraction rate, O₂ Ext)were determined at 1, 3, 5, 7 h after treatment. Results DO₂ were remarkably better after 5 h or 7 h; VO₂ were remarkably better after 7 h; DO₂I, VO₂I were remarkably better;O₂ Ext was remarkably better after 1 h treatment with Co 912 injection than before treatment. Conclusion The tissue oxygenation-index were remarkably better after treatment with Co 912 injection after 3, 5, 7 h.

Application of Intra-aortic Balloon Pump in Transportation of Patients and Perioperative Periods in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

QI Hong-wei;WU Ming-ying;MENG Ge;CUI Hua-nan;ZHAO Jian-gang;ZHOU Zi-qiang;WANG Yan-jun;ZHAO Feng-hua

2009, 30(6):  838-840.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.026

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Objective To investigate the application of intra-aortal balloon pump(IABP) in highway transportation of coronary artery disease patients and during perioperative periods in coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods The data of 78 patients were treated with IABP in perioperative periods of CABG were retrospectively reviewed. The reasons, duration and results of using IABP were analyzed. Results Ten IABP patients were successfully transported through highway and expressway using ambulance. There was no power off and mechanical failure. There were no knot and falling off of IABP catheter. No heart attack occurred during the transportation. The mean duration of IABP was 76.6±28.2 hours; 67 patients were discharged from hospital with recovery, and 11 patients died in hospital. Low output syndrome, multiple organ failure syndrome and lung infection were the main causes of death. Conclusion It was safe to transport patients on IABP through highway and expressway for up to 2 hours and 100 kilometers. As a simple and effective circulation assisting method, IABP could enhance the safety in CABG patients at high risks.

Analysis of Fifty-eight Cases with Cough Variant Asthma

HOU Hui-ling;ZHAO Hong-fen;NIE Xiu-hong

2009, 30(6):  841-844.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.027

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Objective To identify patients with cough variant asthma(CVA) among those with chronic cough. Methods Data of the patients’ history, chest X-ray, pulmonary function(bronchial provocation test), screening allergen for 112 cases with chronic cough were collected and analyzed. Chi-square test was used for differences in rates. Results Fifty-eight cases were diagnosed as having CVA. Chest X-ray had no abnormalities, bronchial provocation test was positive in all these cases and allergen skin test was positive in 86.2%(50/58). Forty-two cases had predisposing factors. Allergen skin test was positive in 74.5%(38/42), and in 79％ of them(30/38) allergens related to the predisposition were identified. Allergen skin test was positive in 75%(12/16) of the cases who had no predisposing factors. Among 54 non-CVA cases chest X-ray had no abnormalities in 34 cases, lung marking increased in 17 cases, and emphysema in 3 cases. Bronchial provocation test was negative in all these cases and among 3 cases FEV1/FVC＜70% and FEV1＜80%. Allergen skin test was positive in 16.7%(9/54) cases. Forty-one cases had predisposing factors, and allergen skin test was positive in 12.2%(5/41) of the cases. Allergen skin test positive rate of the cases without predisposing factors was 30.8%(4/13). There was no significant difference in the positive rates of predisposing factors between the two group(χ²=0.180, P=0.672). However, chest X-ray findings(χ²=26.151, P=0.000), bronchial provocation test positive rate(χ²=112, P=0.000), allergen skin test positive rate(χ²=54.248, P=0.000), and allergen skin test positive rate of those without predisposing factors(χ²=5.673, P=0.017) had significant differences. Conclusion Allergen and predisposing factors were causally associated with CVA cases. In majority of cases who had no predisposing factors allergens could be detected. Bronchial provocation test and screening for allergen are important method to diagnose CVA.

Ultrapathological Differential Diagnosis of Intracranial Hemangiopericytoma and Angiomatous Menigioma

SUN Yi-lin;ZHANG Mao-zhi;QU Bao-qing;ZHANG Hui;LI Wei

2009, 30(6):  845-848.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.028

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Objective To investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of hemangiopericytoma and angiomatous menigioma under the electron microscope. Methods Biopsy specimens of 6 cases with hemangiopericytoma and 6 cases with menigioma were analyzed with light and electron microscope combined with the clinical features. Results Intracranial hemangiopericytoma cells as spindle and polygonal cells are arranged characteristically in a palisade around a capillary. The cells are focally attached to one another and they are separated by basal lamina that is both discrete and diffuse. There were some dense bodies and pinocytotic vesicles around the tumor cell membrane. Angiomatous menigioma cells are distributed in the forms of whirlpool or bundle and have long interdigitating cellular processes, numerous cytoplasmic intermediate filaments and prominent desmosomes. Conclusion These observations confirm that the hamangiopericytoma is a malignant tumor and associated with intermediate mesoderm. While the meningioma may come from arachnoid epithelium which is a benign tumor. Each of the tumors had distinct source of histogenesis and the ultrastructural features have an essential Difference. Electron microscopy may help differential diagnosis between these two diseases.

Magnolol Attenuats Sepsis-induced Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in Rats

YANG Tie-cheng;ZHANG Shu-wen;WANG Hong;REN Tian-hua

2009, 30(6):  849-853.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.029

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Objective To investigate the protective effects of magnolol against sepsis-induced inflammation and intestinal dysmotility. Methods Sepsis was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: magnolol before LPS injection(LPS/Mag group); vehicle before LPS injection(LPS/Veh group); and vehicle before injection of saline(Control/Veh) group. Intestinal transit and ex vivo circular intestinal muscle mechanical activity were assessed 12 h after LPS injection. Inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) mRNA in rat intestine was studied by RT-PCR 2 h after LPS injection. In addition, antioxidant activity was determined by measuring malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in the intestine 2 h after LPS injection. Nitrogen monoxide(NO) concentration in the intestine was also measured 12 h after LPS injection. Results Magnolol significantly increased the intestinal transit and circular muscle mechanical activity in LPS-treated animals. The iNOS mRNA expression in the small intestine were significantly reduced after magnolol treatment in LPS-induced septic animals. Moreover, magnolol significantly decreased MDA concentration and increased SOD activity in the rat intestine. Magnolol also significantly decreased NO concentration in the septic rat intestine 12 h after LPS injection. Conclusion Magnolol prevented sepsis-induced suppression of intestinal motility. The potential mechanism of this benefit of magnolol appears to be associated with blocking oxidative stress and decreasing the production of NO in the intestine.

Changes of Intraocular Pressure and Anterior Chamber Angle after Intravitreal Silicone Oil Injection

FENG Xing

2009, 30(6):  854-857.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.030

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Objective To analyze the changes of intraocular pressure and anterior chamber angle after intravitreal silicone oil injection. Methods Retrospective analysis of intraocular pressure(IOP) was performed in 27 patients(29 eyes) after intravitreal silicone oil injection. Before the silicone oil was removed, all the eyes were examined by ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM), slit-lamp microscope and non-contact tonometer. After the silicone oil was removed, all the eyes were examined by non-contact tonometer. Results Twelve eyes were diagnosed as silicone oil glaucoma(SOG). The incidence of SOG was 41.4%. Ocular hypertension began from the second day to 4 years after the operation during which silicone oil was injected. By ultrasound biomicroscopy and slit-lamp, It was found that there was more silicone oil in the anterior chamber, emulsified silicone oil, peripheral anterior synechia of iris, intraocular lens and aphacia in glaucoma eyes as compared with normal IOP eyes. After silicone oil removal, the IOP of most of silicone oil glaucoma eyes became normal. Conclusion Silicone oil in anterior chamber, emulsified silicone oil, peripheral anterior synechia of iris, intraocular lens and aphacia were the main causes of silicone oil glaucoma. Removing silicone oil was effective in treatment of silicone oil glaucoma.

Effect of Prior Transient Ischemic Attacks in Patients with Ischemic Cerebral Infarction

WU Jun;ZHAN Yan-qiang;ZHANG Jin-ping;XU Jie;ZHANG Su-ming

2009, 30(6):  858-861.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.031

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Objective To explore whether transient ischemic attack(TIA) is significantly associated with subsequent cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 206 patients were enrolled in this study and were divided into TIA(n=103) and non-TIA(N-TIA, n=103) groups, based on presence or absence of TIA before the ischemic cerebral infarction occurrence. The cerebral infarct volume and Modified Edinburgh-Scandinavia Stroke Scale(MESSS) were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, multiple linear model analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of TIA duration, TIA frequency, the interval between TIA and cerebral infarction on the volume of infarction and MESSS scores in patients who had TIA before. Results The volume of cerebral infarction(VCI) and MESSS score in patients with TIA were significantly lower than those of the N-TIA group(P<0.05). TIA duration, TIA frequency and interval between TIA and cerebral infarction were significantly associated with VCI and MESSS(P<0.05). Conclusion Prior TIA may have a positive impact on the cells of brain. The duration and frequency of TIA, and the interval between TIA and cerebral infarction are independent risk factors of VCI and MESSS.

综述

Applications of Nanotechnology in Whitening and Anti-aging Cosmetics

YANG Gao-yun;CUI Yu-li;ZHONG Shan

2009, 30(6):  862-865.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2009.06.032

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Nanotechnology began to emerge 20 years ago, and has been developing tremendously. The applications of nanotechnology include biomedical studies. This article reviews the concept of nanotechnology and nanoscale material. Several advantages of nanotechnology for cosmetics and pharmaceutics are discussed and the focus is nanotechnology for whitening and anti-aging cosmetic's applications. The features of loading the ingredients of whitening or anti-aging cosmetics into nanoparticles, such as solid lipid nanoparticles(SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers(NLC) and examples of the cosmetic products on the market are reviewed.