Table of Content

21 August 2013, Volume 34 Issue 4

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Safety issues in hormonal therapy

Alfred O. Mueck, Ruan Xiangyan

2013, 34(4):  483-491.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.001

Asbtract ( 2162 )   PDF (1469KB) ( 466 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Safety issues in hormonal therapy have been discussed in recent years especially in the field of hormone replacement therapy(HRT). The most important study Women's Health Initiative(WHI) has been stopped in 2002 due to increased risk of venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, stroke and breast cancer. This overview will concentrate on these main risks. There are options of different HRT regimens to minimize these risks. Especially plausible is the use of minimal dosages of transdermal administration avoiding first liver passage which should reduce hepatic and cardiovascular risks, which, however, is not based on placebo-controlled studies. For breast cancer development, first fear of most women, further research on the two main mechanisms are most important-proliferation effects and conditions for potential genotoxic estrogen metabolites. To individualize hormonal therapy also preexisting risks have to be considered, and with early start, within a "window of opportunity", most patients will benefit from HRT if indicated.

Progestogens and early pregnancy：prevention and treatment

Adolf E. Schindler

2013, 34(4):  492-493.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.002

Asbtract ( 948 )   PDF (980KB) ( 454 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

During human and mammalian pregnancy, endogenous progesterone is the dominant hormone since it is not only essential for conception and implantation, but also needed throughout pregnancy. Progesterone provided the effects of prevention and treatment in human pregnancy by certain mechanisms. If one considers prevention or treatment with progestogens in human pregnancy, that all progestogens are progestogenic,if one condsiders the progestogens for prevention and therapeutic approaches, nowadays, only two progenstogens can be considered fully suitable for prevention and treatment in human pregnancy: progesterone and dydrogesteone. This review introduced the mechanism of progesterone and dydrogesterone in pregnancy and treatment in human.

Progestogens and early pregnancy：prevention and treatment

ZHANG Junli, RUAN Xiangyan

2013, 34(4):  494-495.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.003

Asbtract ( 972 )   PDF (990KB) ( 409 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

During human and mammalian pregnancy, endogenous progesterone is the dominant hormone since it is not only essential for conception and implantation, but also essential throughout pregnancy. Progesterone exerts its effects for prevention and treatment in human pregnancy by certain mechanisms. If one considers prevention or treatment with progestogens in human pregnancy, that all progestogens are progestogenic, if one considers the progestogens for prevention and therapeutic approaches, nowadays, only two progenstogens can be considered fully suitable for prevention and treatment in human pregnancy: progesterone and dydrogesterone. This review discusses the mechanism of progesterone and dydrogesterone in pregnancy and treatment in human.

Development of progesterone receptor membrane component 1(PGRMC1) on the risk of breast cancer

ZHANG Ying, RUAN Xiangyan, TIAN Xuanxuan, ZHANG Junli, Alfred O. Mueck

2013, 34(4):  496-500.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.004

Asbtract ( 2012 )   PDF (1049KB) ( 639 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women, and there is an urgent need for new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In WHI study, estrogen therapy alone didn't increase the risk of breast cancer, but even reduced it. Continuous combined hormone therapy increased the breast cancer risk. The results showed that progestin has negative impact on the risk of breast cancer. Many experimental studies have showed that some synthetic progesterone can stimuliate the proliferation of MCF7/PGRMC1 breast cancer cells, So whether the increased breast cancer risk in WHI continuous combined arm could be explained by PGRMC1? whether PGRMC1 be developed as a potential marker for breast cancer susceptibility during HRT? We will review the results of related researches.

Effect of oral estradiol valerate on the high sensitivity C-reactive protein in climacteric SD rats

YANG Shulin, RUAN Xiangyan, JIANG Hui, WANG Ying

2013, 34(4):  501-505.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.005

Asbtract ( 1086 )   PDF (1046KB) ( 331 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen on the high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), IL-6. Methods Seventy SPF female SD rats, fifteen-month-old, were randomly divided into two groups by digital table method: treatment group and control group. The treatment group was given estradiol valerate orally, once per day, the control group was orally fed with physiological saline intragastric administration, once per day, fourteen weeks. After the treatment, blood samples were taken from the rats to assess the level of hs-CRP, IL-6.Results Fourteen weeks after intragastric administration, in the treatment group, serum hs-CRP level was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05); while the IL-6 level was lower than that in control group(P>0.05). Conclusion Intragastric administration of estradiol valerate might decrease the hs-CRP, so estradiol may play a positive protective role in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Influence of programmable cryopreservation and in vitro culture on follicular viability and estradiol secretion of human ovarian tissue

TIAN Xuanxuan, RUAN Xiangyan, Montag Markus, Liebenthron Jana, Alfred O. Mueck

2013, 34(4):  506-511.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.006

Asbtract ( 1023 )   PDF (2253KB) ( 416 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the influence of programmable cryopreservation and in vitro culture on follicular viability and estradiol secretion of human ovarian tissue. Methods Pieces of human ovarian cortex were prepared, the specimens were round in shape and were about 1 mm×1 mm×1 mm, and were divided into fresh group, frozen group, fresh culturing group and freezing-thawing culturing group. Pieces of human ovarian cortex were frozen with the method of programmable cryopreservation and cultured in vitro before freezing and after thawing. The level of estradiol in medium was measured with electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. Healthy follicles stained with Clacein AM were conducted under fluorescence microscopy after digestion for all ovarian tissues. Results The number of follicles and their proportions in freezing group had no significant difference from that in fresh group(P>0.05). Estradiol was secreted continuously throughout in-vitro culture in both of fresh tissues and freezing-thawing tissues. The level of estradiol in freezing-thawing culturing group was lower than that in fresh culturing group in the first 2 d(P<0.05). The difference of the estradiol level was not significant(P>0.05) after 2 d. The number of primordial and primary follicles and their proportions had no significant difference after in vitro culture(P>0.05); the number of secondary follicles and its proportion were higher in tissues cultured in vitro for 14 days(P<0.05). Conclusion The method of programmable cryopreservation can maintain the viability of preantral follicles and E₂ secretion of ovarian tissues cultured in vitro. Secondary follicles have greater potential of development than that of primordial and primary follicles of ovarian tissues cultured in vitro.

Efficacy and safety evaluation of standardized management of hormone therapy in menopausal women

ZHANG Junli, RUAN Xiangyan, LIU Yulan, ZHEN Jie, YIN Dongmei, WANG Juan, LIU Shunyu

2013, 34(4):  512-518.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.007

Asbtract ( 1152 )   PDF (1170KB) ( 401 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of standardized management of hormone therapy in menopausal women. Methods The menopausal women visited the endocrine clinic of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University after 2003 were divided into two group, hormone therapy and control group. There were 55 cases in hormone therapy group, and 34 cases in control group. We analyzed the variation of Kupperman sore, serum lipoprotein, resting energy expenditure, body fat, liver and renal function and mammary glands in the hormone therapy, so that assess the effectiveness and safety of hormone replacement therapy. Results 1 The Kupperman scores tended to decrease. 2 BMI did not change significantly in HT group and control group(P>0.05); BF% in the control group was significantly higher in the second year than the first year(P<0.05), while, compared with the first three years, the hormone therapy group BF% in the fourth year of treatment decreased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with the first year, REE/kg was reduced gradually in the second year in control group, however, REE/kg increased in HT group. 3 TC in control group increased gradually; LDL increased significantly in the second year(P<0.05). However, TC, TG and LDL-C were became lower gradually in HT group. 4 Liver and renal function was not significantly different during HT. The glands group of mammary gland between the first year and 5th year was not significantly different. Conclusion Hormone replacement therapy can relieve menopause-related symptoms; hormone therapy may alleviate abnormal blood lipids change in menopausal women; at the same time, it increases REE, eases the trend of BF% increase in menopausal women, so alleviates the progress of abdominal obesity after menopause, and to certain extent, it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. During the standardized and individualized hormone therapy, the breast cancer risk is small.

Interventions on metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women

RUAN Xiangyan, YAN Dan, ZHANG Junli, LU Yongjun, LIU Shunyu, WANG Juan, YIN Dongmei, LIU Yulan, ZHEN Jie

2013, 34(4):  519-524.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.008

Asbtract ( 1201 )   PDF (1072KB) ( 330 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To explore the efficacy of hormone therapy and lifestyle intervention in metabolic syndrome of postmenopausal women.Methods A total of 121 voluntary participants were recruited, divided into hormone therapy group which contained 64 persons and lifestyle intervention group which contained 57 persons. Hormone therapy group was treated with estradiol valerate combined with dydrogesterone for 6 months plus lifestyle intervention. Lifestyle intervention group was intervened with dietary nutrition guidance and psychological counseling for 6 months. The Kupperman score, anthropometric indicators, serological indicators and the body fat% were measured before and after the interventions. The paired sample test was conducted between the measurements before and after the intervention in hormone therapy group and lifestyle intervention group respectively. The independent samples test was conducted between the measurements after the intervention in hormone therapy group and lifestyle intervention group.Results All the 121 subjects completed the study, including 64 cases of hormone treatment group and 57 cases of lifestyle intervention group. After 6 months of hormone therapy, Kupperman score, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat, serum follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) of hormone therapy group subjects were significantly decreased, and the estradiol(E2), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) levels were significantly increased compared with lifestyle intervention group subjects, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. But the total cholesterol(TC), fasting plasma glucose(FPG) level, prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) were not significantly different compared with the lifestyle intervention group subjects.Conclusion Both hormone therapy and lifestyle intervention could significantly reduce the prevalence of the MS in menopausal women after 6 months intervention. But the hormone therapy plus lifestyle intervention was better than the lifestyle intervention only in improving the menopausal symptoms, decreasing the weight and the body fat increases, prevention of the occurrence and development of metabolic syndrome components in postmenopausal women.

Evaluation of preliminary efficacy of comprehensive treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome

LU Yongjun, RUAN xiangyan, TIAN Xuanxuan, LIU Yulan, ZHEN Jie

2013, 34(4):  525-529.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.009

Asbtract ( 1071 )   PDF (1042KB) ( 361 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To provide clinical evidence for standardized strategy through the comprehensive treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) patients. Methods A total of 30 participants were recruited from PCOS patients who came to Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University for irregular menstruation and/or infertility between August 2012 and May 2013. The comprehensive treatment included individualized nutrition, exercise, and drug therapy. The individualized nutrition and exercise guidance were based on static metabolic rate and motor function of body composition measured. Drug therapy included ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate tablets(Diane-35) for three cycles;metformin for 3 months continuously for patients whose fasting plasma glucose and/or insulin was high, combined with diet, exercise and modifications in lifestyle. Their clinical and biochemical parameters were measured, including height, weight, waist circumference(WC), hip circumference(HC), sagittal abdominal diameter(SAD), body fat(BF), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone(T), fasting plasma glucose(GLU), fasting insulin[INS(OH)], total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein A-Ⅰ(Apo A-Ⅰ), apolipoprotein B(Apo B) and C reactive protein(CRP). Results Comprehensive treatment for 3 months, BMI, BF, LH/FSH, T, GLU and HOMA-IR were lower, P<0.05; WHR, SAD, ISI and blood lipid level had no significant difference, P>0.05. Conclusion Comprehensive treatment has an important role in efficacy and prognosis for PCOS and provide preliminary clinical evidences for standardized treatment of PCOS.

Physiological significance of estrogen

SHI Yuhua, CHEN Zijiang

2013, 34(4):  530-534.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.010

Asbtract ( 864 )   PDF (1043KB) ( 532 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Female reproductive endocrinology system plays an important role in the growth and development of other systems and the reproduction of human being. Estrogen is the most important steroid sex hormone in women, which exert its impact via specific intranuclear receptors in target cells. Estrogen plays an irreplaceable role in every life phase of human being. Estrogen promotes the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive system in puberty, while it maintains menstrual cycle and female characters, facilitate embryo implantation and cause maternal changes during pregnancy in child-bearing period. Besides reproductive system, estrogen also impact skeletal system, central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Due to the low level of estrogen, urogenital system becomes atrophic and meanwhile the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and senile dementia increases in postmenopausal women.

Association between lactobacillus species and bacterial vaginosis associated bacteria in non-pregnant women

CHEN Jianing, LV Zhi, SU Jianrong, KANG Xixiong

2013, 34(4):  535-539.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.011

Asbtract ( 1089 )   PDF (1058KB) ( 712 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the association between popular lactobacillus species and bacterial vaginosis(BV) associated bacteria in vaginal flora. Methods Vaginal fluid samples were taken from 170 women, classified as BV(n=86) or non-BV(n=84) using the Amsel criteria and Nugent score system. Genomic DNA extracted from these samples was analyzed for bacterial sequences of three Lactobacillus species(L. crispatus, L. jensenii and L. iners) and five BV associated bacteria(G.vaginalis, A. vaginae, prevotella sp, megasphaera sp and leptotrichia sp) by 16S rRNA PCR. Results The prevalence of Lactobacillus species was significantly higher in the non-BV group than in the BV group, the BV associated bacteria vice versa. Women without L. jensenii were significantly more likely to have G. vaginalis, A. vaginae and leptotrichia sp, without L. iners more likely to have G. vaginalis, without L. crispatus likely to have prevotella sp. Five BV associated bacteria coexisted with each other except that there was no significant association between megasphaera sp and G. vaginalis. Conclusion Not only normal vaginal flora, BV vaginal flora was complicated also because many different BV associated bacteria coexisted. The absence of L. jensenii or L. iners may influence the prevalence of BV associated bacteria.

Analysis of immune cell changes by flow cytometry in mice liver fibrosis

LIU Xin, LOU Jinli, BAI Li, ZHANG Xiaohui, DING Mei, DUAN Zhongping

2013, 34(4):  540-544.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.012

Asbtract ( 1124 )   PDF (4930KB) ( 690 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the changes and significances of different immune cells in the peripheral blood and liver-infiltrating lymphocytes(LILs) in mice liver fibrosis. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the model group and the control group. The mice of liver fibrosis were induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride(CCl4), at the same time, the control group received the equal volume physiological saline. The serums were collected for detecting ALT of mice. Histopathological changes of liver were observed by HE and Masson staining. The frequencies of peripheral and Tregs, NK1.1⁺ cells, CD4⁺ cells and CD8⁺ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The data were evaluated by t-test. Results In liver, it showed that Tregs frequency, CD25⁺Foxp3⁺/CD4⁺ in the model group was(10.63±1.50)%, which was significantly higher as compared with that in the control group(P<0.01). However, peripheral Tregs in the model group only increased slightly〔(7.40±0.85)% vs (5.27±1.30)%〕. Strikingly, there were less NK1.1 cells in both liver and blood in the model group as compared with those of the control group〔(9.53±2.25)% vs (19.80±5.97)%, P<0.05; (0.38±0.13)% vs (1.06±0.63)%, P<0.05〕 respectively. Though CD4⁺ cells and the ratio of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ decreased in liver and blood, no statistically significance was observed. Conclusion During liver fibrosis, intrahepatic CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells are increased, while NK1.1⁺ cells decreased; CD4 cells are also decreased.

Analysis of current status of serum insulin determination by different chemiluminescence immunoassay systems

ZHANG Guojun, TAN Yanguo, ZHANG Ranxing, ZHANG Yan, KANG Tao, CHE Dongli, ZHENG Fangfang, WANG Xiaoning, LI Pei

2013, 34(4):  545-549.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.013

Asbtract ( 2404 )   PDF (1048KB) ( 499 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the comparability of serum insulin level detected by five widely used chemiluminescence immunoassay systems, and to further investigate the feasibility of a common parameter not influenced by detection systems. Methods One hundred patients were included who had done insulin release test (no exogenous insulin therapy), and insulin concentrations of the same individual at different time points in oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) were measured simultaneously by 5 different chemiluminescence immunoassay systems(CLIA, ECLIA, CMIA, CLEIA1 and CLEIA2, respectively), and the ratio of serum insulin levels after meal at each time point to corresponding fasting levels(Ratio) was calculated. Results Temporally compared, there is overall significant difference for serum insulin level among all systems at any time point(all P=0.000); further comparison between any two systems revealed that there was no significant difference for fasting level between the following systems: ECLIA and CLIA, CMIA and CLIA(P>0.05). Similarity was also found between ECLIA and CLIA at 3 h after meal(P>0.05). For Ratio, apart from the more scattered diagram between CLEIA1 and anyone of the other systems, more gathered scatter diagrams were found between any two of the other systems. There was no significant difference between the Ratio by systems of CLEIA2 and ECLIA at 0.5 h after meal(P>0.05), and similar phenomena were found between CLEIA2 and CMIA at 1.0 h, 2.0 h,and 3.0 h after meal(P>0.05). There were significant differences between any other two systems at any time point(all P<0.05. Conclusion Serum insulin levels measured by different chemiluminescence immunoassay systems differ a lot from one another, and could hardly be interoperable though either two systems highly correlated with each other. Nevertheless, between certain two systems, and at certain temporal point, the absolute value of serum insulin or Ratios were able to substitute one for another. The conversion to Ratio from insulin level might help to increase the comparability among different systems.

The clinical applications and progression of blood cell analysis technology

PANG Bo, LIU Guijian

2013, 34(4):  550-553.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.014

Asbtract ( 997 )   PDF (1008KB) ( 995 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The commonly used technologies in clinic includes classic artificial smears by microscope, automated blood cell analyzer, flow cytometry and digital image analysis, et al. In recent years, technologies of blood cell analysis have been improving, with the characters of more test parameters, optimized methods, more mature assembly line and intuitive visibility. The time consuming and lack of standardization situation of manual work was improved. Combining with automated technologies and manual smears can provide more messages that were useful to disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring as well. This review focused on the clinical applications and progression of blood cell analysis technology.

Effects of rapamycin on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial remodeling in rats

LIU Jie, DU Yuxuan, WANG Wang, GUO Huan, WANG Jun, WANG Chen

2013, 34(4):  554-558.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.015

Asbtract ( 982 )   PDF (3725KB) ( 464 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effects of rapamycin on monocrotaline(MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension(PH) and pulmonary arterial remodeling in rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: control group, MCT group and rapamycin group. The right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP) was measured via the right jugular vein catheterization into the right ventricle. The index of right ventricular hypertrophy(RVHI) was calculated. HE staining was used to assess the distal vascular remodeling. Results The body weight of MCT group was significantly lower than that of the control group; The RVSP, RVHI and the remodeling of the small arteries were significantly higher than control group. Even the body weight of rats in rapamycin group was much lower than that of the control and MCT group, while the RVSP, RVHI and the remodeling of the small arteries were significantly improved in rapamycin group compared to MCT group. Conclusion These results suggested that rapamycin could attenuate the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling. The results provide the theoretical basis for rapamycin to be a potential drug for treating PH.

Senegenin promotes in vitro proliferation and differentiation of human neural progenitor cells

SHI Fang, LIANG Zhigang, GUO Zixuan, WANG Xuan, WANG Xiaomin

2013, 34(4):  559-565.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.016

Asbtract ( 1157 )   PDF (7593KB) ( 499 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the effects of senegenin on the proliferation and differentiation of human neural stem cells in vitro and its possible mechanism.Methods Human neural stem cell line was cultured and identified in vitro. They were incubated with 50 μmol/L or 5 μmol/L senegenin respectively, and the group added with the vehicle was set as the control. Then the cell absorbance was measured by CCK8 assay on a microplate reader to test the cell viability. The effects of 50 μmol/L or 5 μmol/L senegenin on the mRNA expression of negative differentiation regulating gene Hes1 and positive differentiation regulating gene Mash1 were examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The differentiation ratio of neurons and astrocytes from the neural stem cells was assessed through immune-fluorescence staining process.Results Senegenin at 50 μmol/L significantly increased the cell number compared with the control group(P<0.05), and upregulated the Hes1 mRNA expression(P<0.05). Senegenin at 5 μmol/L also promoted the cell proliferation, and at the same time it increased the mRNA expressions of both Hes1 and Mash1 apparently(P<0.05). Moreover, 5 μmol/L senegenin obviously promoted the neuronal differentiation from the neural stem cells. Conclusion Senegenin can promote the proliferation and differentiation of human neural stem cells in vitro, and this effect may be induced by the up-regulation of Hes1 and Mash1 gene expression.

Reduced expression of cholinergic neuronal marker in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and constipation are observed in the rats with lipopolysaccharide microinjection in bilateral substantia nigra

ZHANG Yue, ZHENG Lifei, SONG Jin, FAN Ruifang, CHEN Changliang, ZHU Jinxia

2013, 34(4):  566-571.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.017

Asbtract ( 1121 )   PDF (7831KB) ( 526 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To study the alteration of the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) immunoreactivity-positive neurons and nerve fibers in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus(DMV) in rats with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) microinjection of substantia nigra(SN). Methods Rats were subjected to LPS in bilateral SN to make the LPS Parkinson's disease rat model(LPS rats). Immunofluorescence were used in this study. Results In the rats treated with LPS, the neurons' number in SN was markedly reduced accompanied by abundant proliferation of glial cells, and the TH immunoreactivity(IR) in SN was obviously reduced. However, the TH-IR neurons were significantly increased, and the ChAT-IR significantly reduced in DMV. Furthermore, the rats treated with LPS showed obvious constipation with reduced weight and water content in the stool. Conclusion Injection of LPS into substantia nigra can cause a constipation in rats, which may be related to the enhanced TH-IR and reduced ChAT-IR in DMV leading to gastrointestinal dysmotility in LPS treated rats.

Effects of Zhuhonggao on the expression of cytokines and adhesion molecule in THP-1 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide

HE Xiujuan, LIN Yan, LV Zhe, AN Yunqing, DING Yuezhong, LI Ping

2013, 34(4):  572-575.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.018

Asbtract ( 986 )   PDF (1037KB) ( 372 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To observe the effects of Zhuhonggao(ZHG) on the expression of interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1), interleukin-8(IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in THP-1 cells, and study the mechanisms of ZHG on promoting skin wound healing. Methods THP-1 cell activity was observed by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) after treating with ZHG. The expression of IL-1β, sICAM-1, IL-8 and MCP-1 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(Elisa). Results After treating with ZHG and LPS for 24 h, ZHG decreased the expression of MCP-1(content of mercury, Hg 4.2~8.4 mg/kg)(P<0.01, P<0.05), decreased the expression of IL-1β(Hg 2.1 mg/kg)(P<0.05) and IL-8(Hg 2.1~8.4 mg/kg)(P<0.01, P<0.05). ZHG had no significant effect on sICAM-1. Conclusion It is possible that ZHG inhibit the expression of IL-1β, IL-8 and MCP-1 on THP-1 cells, therefore may inhibit excessive inflammatory response.

Comparison and analysis of national key disciplines of Capital Medical University citation

ZHANG Qianying, MA Lu

2013, 34(4):  576-581.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.019

Asbtract ( 922 )   PDF (6845KB) ( 462 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To understand the development status and future trends of the national key disciplines in Capital Medical University. Methods The number of papers and h-index during 2007 and 2012 were compared and analyzed between Capital Medical University and other universities. Results In the eight key disciplines of Capital Medical University, Neurosciences, Otorhinolaryngology, Radiology Nuclear Medicine Medical Imaging and Ophthalmology have higher academic level and greater influence in the domestic institutions. The other four may need further improvement. Conclusion Although all the universities including Capital Medical University have different strengths and weaknesses in different areas, but compared with the international standards, there is still a big gap. Therfore, to reach the international level, there is a long way to go.

A clinical study of oral interventions preventing hospital-acquired pneumonia in elderly people

ZHAO Wenyan, CHEN Ying, LV Zhi, ZHANG Jian

2013, 34(4):  582-586.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.020

Asbtract ( 1060 )   PDF (1036KB) ( 368 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effects of different oral interventions to the incidence of the oropharyngeal respiratory aerobic pathogenic bacterial colonization and the morbidity of hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP) in the long-term hospitalized elderly people. Methods Totally 62 elderly patients(>65 years) seen in our hospital were randomly divided into the treatment group(n=31) swab, supragingival plaque of every subjects at the first day(before intervention) and 30th day(after intervention) after enrolled. The incidence of the oropharyngeal respiratory aerobic pathogenic bacterial colonization and the morbidity of HAP between the two groups were compared. Results 1 The incidence of the pharyngeal respiratory aerobic pathogenic bacterial colonization after oral intervention(32.26%) was lower than before (58.06%) in the treatment group. And the incidence of the supragingival plaque colonization after oral intervention(27.59%) was lower than that obtained before(55.17%). The differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05). 2 The incidence of the pharyngeal respiratory aerobic pathogenic bacterial colonization after oral intervention(32.26%) was lower than that(54.84%) in the control group. The incidence of the supragingival plaque colonization after oral intervention(28.57%) was also lower than the previous one(53.57%). The differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05). 3 The morbidity of HAP of the treatment group and the control group were 10.20/1 000 hospitalizations and 14.12/1 000 hospitalizations, respectively. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The oral intervention of using compound chlorhexidine gargle or sterile saline daily both decreased the incidence of the oropharyngeal respiratory aerobic pathogenic bacterial colonization. But rinsing the mouth using compound chlorhexidine gargle for a long term could decrease the morbidity of HAP as compared with sterile saline.

Clinic study of using Chinese traditional method of lung warming, stasis transforming and panting stabilizing to cure wind-cold attacking lung type viral bronchiolitis in children

LIU Xiaohong, LIN Hai

2013, 34(4):  587-591.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.021

Asbtract ( 873 )   PDF (1043KB) ( 428 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective This article summarizes the treatment effect of the inpatients suffering from wind-cold attacking lung type viral bronchiolitis in Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital since 2010, using the method of integration of traditional and western medicine. It aimed at finding a more reasonable method of integration of traditional and western medicine to treat children with viral bronchiolitis.Methods We set up a parallel randomized controlled clinical study, dividing patients suffering from viral pneumonia and viral bronchiolitis of wind-cold attacking lung type into experimental group(28 cases) and control group(22 cases) randomly. All patients were treated with mucosolvan(ambroxol HCl) i.v., budesonide and compound Ipratropium bromide solution aerosol inhalation as basic treatment. The patients in experimental group were extra treated with lung-warming, stasis-transforming and panting-stabilizing decoction(consists of raw ephedra, apricot kernel, asarum, peach kernel, carthamus, cassia twig, shizandra berry, etc) p.o., while the patients of the control group were treated with ribavirin i.v. and procaterol HCl p.o..Results The time of anhelation subsiding, cough reducing and hospitalization of the patients in the experimental group was significantly reduced. And the duration of diarrhea of the patients in the experimental group was shorter than that of the patients in the control group, and the difference is significant(P<0.05). The time of fever abating, cough reducing, anhelation easing of the patients in the experimental group was not significantly different from that of the patients in the control group. And the time of the reduction and regression of moist rale, wheezing rale and phlegm rale of the patients in both groups was also not significantly different(P>0.05). 33 patients were detected of RSV infection, 4 were of influenza virus infection, 4 were of adenovirus infection and 5 were of parainfluenza virus infection. Thus, the majority of the patients were infected by RSV.Conclusion Comparing the treatment effects of the patients treated with lung-warming, stasis-transforming and panting-stabilizing decoction of professor Li Gui with that of the patients treated with western medicine, we can see that there is no significant toxic and side effect presenting in the patients of the experimental group. This decoction shows some effects in panting stabilizing, cough reducing, phlegm transforming and heat abating, especially in relieving paroxysmal coughing and panting. The majority of the patients involving in this study were infected by RSV, while the minority was infected by other viruses. Respiratory syncytial virus infection is still of a comparatively high incidence rate.

The investigation of water load test for the evaluation of functional dyspepsia

LI Zhe, TAO Lin, XIAO Yang

2013, 34(4):  592-595.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.022

Asbtract ( 992 )   PDF (1027KB) ( 329 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To analyze the correlation between the results of water load test(WLT) and the gender, age, body weight, subtype, psychological rating of functional dyspepsia(FD) patients. Methods In a total of 330 FD patients, the demographic characteristics were recorded, the threshold volume(TV) and satiety volume(SV) were evaluated based on WLT, the psychological status were evaluated based on Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA) and Hamilton depression scale(HAMD). Results The TV and SV of males in WLT were significantly higher than those of females(P<0.05); the results of WLT were negatively correlated with HAMA score, and it has no significant correlation with subtype, age, body weight and HAMD score(P>0.05). Conclusion Based on WLT, the results of gastric sensory function of FD patients may be affected by gender and anxious psychological factors, which are independent of subtype, age, body weight and depressed psychological factor. WLT is a stable and reliable method for the evaluation of FD.

Comparison of anterior-posterior decade of glycemic control in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents

WU Di, GONG Chunxiu, MENG Xi, WEI Liya, QIN Miao, HUANG Shuyue, LI Yuchuan

2013, 34(4):  596-600.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.023

Asbtract ( 901 )   PDF (1059KB) ( 434 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To compare of anterior-posterior decade glycemic control with improvement of diabetes management and evaluate influence of socioeconomic factors on glycemic control. Methods This cross-sectional clinical-based survey enrolled 158 T1DM children on December 2011 to May 2012(Group A) in Beijing children's hospital of more than one year management and compared with 123 T1DM children who were recruited in Asia and the West Pacific Region T1DM Study on December 2001 to May 2002(Group B) in Beijing children's hospital. Normally distributed data are reported as mean±SD, skewed data as median±interquartile range. Linear correlation and regression analysis were performed for glycemic control. Results There is no complication in both two groups. The average of HbA1C was 8.3±1.53%, better than ten years before 9.9±1.85 %(P=0.000). The ratio of optimal and suboptimal HbA1C of boys in group A and B were 16.4%, 68.5% vs 2.4%, 58.9%, P=0.000 respectively. The ratio of insulin injection twice daily and the frequency of SMBG in group A and B both girls and boys are statistically significant difference P=0.000 respectively. HbA1C was positive correlation with age, duration, insulin dosage per day and diabetic care costs by family while inverse correlation with frequency of SMBG in liner correlation and regression analysis. It was showed that duration was the most important factor. Socioeconomic survey showed that household income and parents' knowledge and educational levels did not affect glycemic control significantly in statistic. But there is a higher percentage of parents' knowledge and educational levels in optional subgroup than in the other two subgroups. About half of diabetic children whose household income were lower than the average level and their diabetic care costs were over 1/3 household income. Conclusion There were younger and more girls of type 1 dibetic children in Beijing children's hospital. The frequency of SMBG and the ratio of MDI and CSII were increasing significantly ten years after. Duration was the most important factor of glycemic control. There was no complication in children. Glycemic control would be better due to improvement SMBG and increasing the frequency of insulin injection. Socioeconomic survey showed that some diabetes household income were lower than the average level and diabetic care costs increased family burden.

Effect of individualized glycemic management on the prognosis of patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage

REN Tianhua, SHI Hongmei

2013, 34(4):  601-604.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.024

Asbtract ( 998 )   PDF (1014KB) ( 366 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To evaluate the effect of individualized glycemic management on the prognosis of patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage. Methods Four hundred and fifty-one patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage(GCS score≤8) were randomly divided into two groups, to receive intensive insulin therapy or conventional insulin therapy. The mortality was observed in the 30th day after treatment. Results No significant difference in the mortality was found between the intensive insulin therapy group and conventional insulin therapy group(P>0.05). In 226 patients receiving intensive insulin treatment, a higher mortality was observed in patients with higher GHb(57.14% vs 40.63%, P=0.01). In 225 patients receiving conventional insulin treatment, a higher mortality was found in patients with normal GHb(49.65% vs 27.38%, P=0.001). Conclusion GHb should be tested in the patients with severe cerebral hemorrhage at admission, to provide information for adopting individualized glycemic management and setting glycemic control targets.

Changes of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in patients with primary hypertension and its clinical significance

HOU Fei, MIAO Jieping, CAI Hongmei, NIU Dong, LI Zhenwen, MA Jiedan, LIU Jing

2013, 34(4):  605-608.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.025

Asbtract ( 974 )   PDF (1017KB) ( 388 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the changes of serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL) in patients with primary hypertension and its clinical significance. Methods A total of 117 patients with primary hypertension and 110 healthy persons were studied. We detected serum and urine NGAL protein levels with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), serum creatinine(Scr) and urine β2-mG. Results The concentration of serum NGAL in hypertensive patients were(1.88±1.49)μg/L, urine NGAL were(1.19±0.64)μg/L, the serum NGAL of control group were(0.78±1.01)μg/L, urine NGAL were(0.58±0.32)μg/L. Serum and urine NGAL were significantly higher in patients with hypertension than the control group(P<0.05). The difference between hypertension group and control group in urine β2-mG was statistically significant(P<0.05), but not in Scr(P>0.05). Conclusion The serum and urine NGAL levels of patients with primary hypertension were significantly higher, detection of serum and urine level of NGAL in hypertension patients may have an important clinical significance in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hypertensive nephropathy.

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 and the influence from oxidative stress

LI Yan, NIE Xiuhong, ZHANG Wei, FAN Xiaojun, REN Kui, GAO Shang

2013, 34(4):  609-614.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.026

Asbtract ( 1028 )   PDF (2383KB) ( 351 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the changes of serum lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1(LOX-1) and the influence from oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS). Methods Totally 94 candidates were divided into three groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI), including normal control group(n=30), mild to moderate group(n=29), severe group(n=35). After the monitoring by polysomnography(PSG), the blood samples were obtained to measure the levels of serum LOX-1, oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) and malondialdehyde(MDA). Results The levels of serum LOX-1, ox-LDL, MDA in severe OSAHS group were significantly higher than that in the mild to moderate group and control group(P<0.01). The level of serum LOX-1 in OSAHS patients was positively correlated with serum ox-LDL and MDA(r=0.693, 0.460, respectively, all P<0.01). The level of ox-LDL and SaO₂min were the high risk factors to influence the level of serum LOX-1 in patients with OSAHS(r=0.705, 0.734, respectively, all P<0.01). Conclusion The intermittent hypoxia caused by OSAHS can regulate the levels of LOX-1 through oxidative stress, and can further promote the formation and development of atherosclerotic in patients with OSAHS.

Follow-up study on rehabilitation therapy of oxidative stress in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ZHOU Wenbo, NIE Xiuhong

2013, 34(4):  615-618.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.027

Asbtract ( 909 )   PDF (1025KB) ( 398 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on oxidative stress in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods Fifteen(10 males, 5 females) stable COPD patients, mean(SD) age 55.73(9.75) years, body mass index(BMI) 21 kg/m² to 32 kg/m²〔an average of (25.60±2.99)kg/m²〕, forced expiatory volume in one second(FEV1)/predicted more than 30%, were enrolled into this 48 weeks of rehabilitation program. The response of cytokine were measured at pre-, post- and first post-maximal exercise training. The response of oxidative stress was measured from serum level of malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for the results of all stratified analyses. Results Fifteen patients completed the study. There was no significant change in level of MDA and SOD between pre- and first post-maximal exercise training(P>0.05). The cytokine level of serum MDA was markedly decreased after 48 weeks exercise training, compared to that before training(P<0.05). The level of serum SOD was significantly increased after 48 weeks training, compared to that before training(P<0.05). Conclusion The level of oxidative stress was significantly improved by 48 weeks exercise training. There was no significant response of oxidative stress associated with maximal exercise before or after training in COPD patients.

Treatment of stenosis in hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

LUO Tao, CUI Shijun, CHEN Bing, WU Jinglin, FU Wenjing, ZHANG Pei, JIA Qiang

2013, 34(4):  619-622.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.028

Asbtract ( 1009 )   PDF (2276KB) ( 521 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Objective To investigate the effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA) on autogenous arteriovenous fistula malfunction in hemodialysis patients. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in patients whose arteriovenous fistulas(AVFs) were salvaged by PTA in our hospital. Results Totally thirty-one patients with 42 stenoses were treated with PTA. Mean follow-up was 9(3~20) months. Technical success rate was 90.3%(28/31). Clinical success rate was 96.8%(30/31), and one year primary patency rate was 41.3%. Conclusion PTA successfully improves the fistula patency, and is an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of AVF malfunction in hemodialysis patients.

Diagnosis and management of placenta accreta in induced abortion of the second trimester

LUO Lanrong, LI Jian

2013, 34(4):  623-628.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2013.04.029

Asbtract ( 2748 )   PDF (1304KB) ( 763 )  

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Placenta accreta is a severe complication of pregnancy that is significant contributor to postpartum hemorrhage and maternal morbidity. It becomes currently the most common indication for peripartum hysterectomy due to massive hemorrhage. Even in the artificial abortion of the second trimester, we face the risk of placenta accreta as well. In this article, we review the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of placenta accreta, especially the high risk factors and diagnosis. The managements include operations and medications. Operation treatments include B-mode ultrasound guided dilatation and curettage, local resection by laparotomy or hysteroscopy, hysterectomy and transcatheter artery embolization. Medications include methotrexate, mifepristone, 5-fluorouracil(5-Fu), ethacridine, Chinese traditional medicine and so on. On account of the fertility desire of women who need induced abortion in the second trimester, the diagnosis of the placenta accreta should be made as soon as possible according to the screening for predisposing factors and careful examination both in prenatal phase and abortion. Conservative management should be considered first with caution to preserve fertility as far as possible.