Table of Content

21 June 2014, Volume 35 Issue 3

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Applications of chemotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer with bladder preservation

Tian Ye

2014, 35(3):  269-272.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.001

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Chemotherapy has been developing to be an important adjuvant treatment methods in treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer in recent years. Such method is meaningful for patients who want to preserve the bladder. The author summarized the role and effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. This article reviews the methods and effect of radical transurethral resection of bladder tumor with chemotherapy and partial cystectomy with chemotherapy. Data of several special patients including patients with renal transplantation and dialysis patients undergoing chemotherapy are presented. The problems existing in current drug sensitivity of chemotherapy are discussed finally. The future of chemotherapy in muscle invasive bladder cancer with bladder preservation is predicted.

Effect of continuous hypothermic machine perfusion transport system (Airdrive^TM) on canine kidney preservation

ZHU Xuhui, XUE Wenrui, ZHANG Qiang, WANG Wei, ZHANG Jiqing, ZHANG Xiaodong, HU Xiaopeng

2014, 35(3):  273-277.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.002

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Objective To evaluate the protective effect of continuous hypothermic machine perfusion transport system(Airdrive^TM) on cold ischemic injury of canine kidney. Methods Two kidneys of a healthy dog were taken out after general anesthesia. One kidney was stored using common cold preservation(CCP group) by immersing in the organ preservation solution, mixed with water and ice, and kept in a cold room at 4 ℃. The other kidney was stored using continuous machine perfusion preservation(CMP group) and was placed into the Airdrive^TM continuous machine perfusion device at room temperature. The renal tissues were examined by histopathology, electron microscopy, and mitochondrial activity was checked at different time points. Results Histologic sections showed that the structures of renal tissues of the 2 kidneys were similar during first 24 hours. After 48 hours, CCP group showed more pronounced changes, as the renal tubular epithelial cells were more obvious than those in the glomeruli. After 48 hours, CCP group showed more obvious morphological changes. The tubular and glomerular basement membranes had uneven thickness. The cell infoldings were obviously reduced and disordered. The electron density of the mitochondrial matrix was significantly decreased. The cristae were reduced and disarranged. Oxygen consumption rate of state Ⅲ and IV respiration in CCP group decreased after 12~48 hours and increased at 48 hours, respectively, when compared to continuous machine perfusion(CMP) group(P<0.05). At 48 hours, cortex respiratory control ratio(RCR) and phosphorus oxygen ratio(P/O) were significantly higher in the CMP group, compared to the CCP group. However, there was no significant difference between two kidneys at any other time points. Conclusion With prolonged storage time, the continuous hypothermic machine perfusion transport system showed better effect than that of common cold preservation on canine kidney. With increased use of marginal organs, the CMP will be further popularized clinically, and it has the ability to achieve the purpose of protecting the donor organs.

Hypoxia inducible factor-1α-dependent epithelial to mesenchymal transition under hypoxic conditions in prostate cancer cells

Wang Yongxing, Jiang Yongguang, Luo Yong, Zhao Jiahui, Chen Yatong, Han Yili, Lin Yunhua

2014, 35(3):  278-283.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.003

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Objective To explore the influence of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) on prostate cancer epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT) under hypoxic conditions. Methods In this study we carried out several methods in molecular biology to test whether PC3, a human prostate cancer cell line, underwent typical epithelial to mesenchymal transition under hypoxia and the key regulator of this process. Results We demonstrated that hypoxia induced diverse molecular, phenotypic, and functional changes in prostate cancer cells that are consistent with EMT. We also showed that HIF-1α, which is thought to be stabilized under hypoxic environment, is involved in EMT and cancer cell invasive potency. Hypoxia-induced EMT in prostate cancer cells is blocked by HIF-1α gene silencing. Conclusion EMT may be induced in hypoxic prostate cancer cells, by a mechanism that involves activation of HIF-1α-dependent cell signaling.

Characteristics of urinary tract dysfunction and evaluation of surgical treatment in patients with myelodysplasia

Song Zhaoxia, Liao Limin, Chen Guoqing, Zhang Zhihua, Jing Huafang, Li Dan

2014, 35(3):  284-289.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.004

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Objective To investigate risk factors for upper urinary tract damage in patients with myelodysplasia and to assess the efficacy of bladder augmentation for such patients. Methods A total of 150 patients were divided into two groups according to the standards of upper urinary tract damage for studying the relationship between upper urinary tract damage and age, gender, course of disease, previous spinal surgery, bladder management, and video urodynamic parameters. Then, 37 cases with bladder augmentation were screened to assess the efficacy of bladder augmentation by comparing renal function(serum creatinine value), hydronephrosis, ureteral dilatation, vesicoureteral reflux, bladder capacity, bladder compliance, maximum detrusor pressure before and after surgery. Results The poor bladder compliance(79.3%) was the most common finding in myelodysplasia patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction, and was a major risk factor for upper urinary tract damage(P=0.001, OR=2.802, 95%CI: 1.510-5.199). Bladder augmentation could not only improve bladder compliance(P=0.000), but also increase bladder capacity(P=0.000), reduce maximum detrusor pressure during urine storage period(P=0.008), thus improving renal function(P=0.000), hydronephrosis(94.2%), ureteral dilatation(94.0%) and vesicoureteral reflux(94.1%). Conclusion The poor bladder compliance was the most common finding in myelodysplasia patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction, and was a major risk factor for upper urinary tract damage. Bladder augmentation could stop and improve or even reverse the upper urinary tract damage.

Treatment strategies of bilateral upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma：clinical analysis of 30 cases

Kang Yongming, Fang Dong, Li Xuesong, Zhou Liqun

2014, 35(3):  290-294.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.005

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Objective To explore the clinical treatment strategies of bilateral upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Methods Retrospective analysis of 30 cases who underwent operation for primary bilateral upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma from January 2002 to May 2011 was performed. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to renal function: group A(eGFR≥60 mL/min), group B(15 mL/min≤eGFR<60 mL/min), group C(eGFR<15 mL/min). The main treatment for group A&B was unilateral nephron-sparing surgery and contralateral radical resection, and for Group C was bilateral radical excision. We analyzed treatment results of patients with different renal function. Results Surgeries on all cases were successful. Postoperative follow-up, showed that bladder tumor recurrence rate was 33.33% in group A; one patient needed dialysis and 1 patient died of tumor. In group B, urothelial tumor recurrence rate was 31.25%.Three patient needed dialysis and another 3 patients died of tumor. The rate of urothelial tumor recurrence in group C is 37.5%, and 3 patients died during the follow-up period. All patients needed dialysis in group C after operation. Conclusion Renal function and tumor characteristics are important in surgery selections of bilateral upper urinary tract urothelial tumors. Nephron-sparing surgery can be used as a alternative treatment.

Analysis of TUR surgery in the treatment of female bladder neck obstruction

Zhou Xin, Zhang Yong, Zhou Yongjian, Yan Pu

2014, 35(3):  295-297.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.006

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Objective To summarize experience with transurethral incision of the bladder neck(TUIBN) for the treatment of female bladder outlet obstruction(FBOO). Methods Bladder outlet obstruction was diagnosed in 28 women 52 to 73 years of age, who presented with the lower urinary tract symptoms. Preoperative investigations included a urodynamic examination and cystoscopy. The maximal flow rate was from 4.2 mL/s to 15.2 mL/s(mean(7.5±3.1) mL/s). Transurethral incision of the bladder neck(TUIBN) was performed in all patients. Urodynamic result and clinical symptoms were assessed after operation. Results The lower urinary tract symptoms were resolved or improved in 26 patients. Urodynamic examination revealed an increased maximal flow rate and a decreased postvoid residual urine volume. The maximal flow rate was from 13.6 mL/s to 24.8 mL/s(mean(14.3±4.1) mL/s)(P<0.01) and postvoid residual urine(RU) volme was from 0 to 30 mL at one month postoperation. The follow-up period was from 6 months to 1 year. Conclusion Transurethral incision of the bladder neck(TUIBN) is effective in relieving the lower urinary tract symptoms owing to female bladder outlet obstruction(FBOO). Urodynamic evaluation is essential in making the correct diagnosis.

Clinical value of fluorescence in situ hybridization in early detection of postoperative recurrence of bladder urothelial cancer

Yan Wei, Kang Wenting, Chen Shan, Liu Yuexin

2014, 35(3):  298-301.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.007

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Objective To early diagnose postoperative recurrence of bladder urothelial cancer with fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).Methods Forty patients with bladder urothelial cancer were chosen between January, 2009 and November, 2011. Urine cytologic examination, cystoscopy, and FISH were performed in these patients at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months post-operation, and tumor recurrence was recorded. Results Among the 40 patients tested, 12 of 20 FISH-positive patients developed tumor recurrence within the follow-up period, while none of the FISH-negative patients developed recurrence during the same period. The recurrence rate in FISH-positive patients(60%) was significantly higher than that of FISH-negative patients(P<0.05). The sensitivity to detect tumor recurrence by FISH analysis was higher than that by cystoscopy and urine cytologic examination. Conclusion FISH analysis is effective in early detection of postoperative recurrence of bladder urothelial cancer.

Use of lymph nodes frozen section pathology in radical nephrectomy

Xia Ming, Yan Yifu

2014, 35(3):  302-304.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.008

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Objective To evaluate the clinical application of lymph nodes frozen section pathology in radical nephrectomy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 650 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy from January 1995 to January 2014 in our hospital, 157 patients underwent lymph nodes dissection; enlarged lymph nodes were found in 120 patients; 36 patients underwent lymph nodes frozen section pathology during surgery. Real lymph node metastasis rate was compared between the cases with and without lymph nodes enlargement frozen pathology and paraffin pathology were compared. Results Of the 120 patients in whom enlarged lymph nodes were found, 27 patients had lymph node metastasis. Of the 36 patients who underwent lymph nodes frozen section pathology during surgery, specimens of 8 patients(22.2%) showed lymph nodes metastasis, and other 28 patients(77.8%) had inflammation of lymph nodes. In 2 of the 8 patients whose frozen pathology suggested lymph nodes metastasis it was proved by paraffin pathology after surgery that their other lymph nodes had metastasis, only one of the 28 patients who showed inflammation of lymph nodes by frozen pathology, proved by paraffin pathology after surgery that there was lymph nodes metastasis. Conclusion For the patients who has renal cell carcinoma with enlarged lymph nodes, use of frozen section pathology of lymph nodes to decide whether lymph nodes dissection is needed is clinically important.

Effects of microRNA-99a on Neuro-2a cells against oxidative injury induced by hydrogen peroxide

Tao Zhen, Wang Rongliang, Zhao Haiping, Luo Yumin

2014, 35(3):  305-309.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.009

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Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-99a(miR-99a) on neuro-2a cells against oxidative injury induced by hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂). Methods Neuro-2a cells were divided into 3 groups by different treatments: control group, control+H₂O₂(100 μmol/L) group and miR-99a mimics+H₂O₂ group. Cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8. Total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activity, manganese superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD) activity, and content of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH) were assayed by a variety of biochemical kits according to the instructions respectively. Protein expression levels of synaptosoma associated protein of molecular mass 25 000(SNAP25), Mn-SOD and extracellular SOD(EC-SOD) were assessed by Western blotting. Results Compared with control group, cell viability of neuro-2a in the control+H₂O₂ group and miR-99a+H₂O₂ group, decreased significantly to 85% and 89% respectively upon hydrogen peroxide stimulation(P<0.05). However, miR-99a+H₂O₂ group appeared to have less reduction of 11% than control+H₂O₂ group(P<0.05). Further studies showed that enzyme activities of T-SOD and Mn-SOD were depressed in control+H₂O₂ group in comparison with control group(P<0.05). Whereas, with pretreatment of miR-99a mimics transfection, T-SOD and Mn-SOD activities were enhanced to a significantly higher level, relative to the normal level of control group(P<0.05), as well as greatly increased protein expression of Mn-SOD and EC-SOD, in contrast to control group and control+H₂O₂ group(P<0.05). Besides, NADH content of neuro-2a in control+H₂O₂ group was reduced compared with control group(P<0.05), while in miR-99a+H₂O₂ group, NADH content exceeded the normal level of control group(P<0.05). It was also found that protein expression of SNAP25 increased in the two groups of hydrogen peroxide stimulation. And miR-99a+H₂O₂ group had a tendency of more increase in protein expression of SNAP25, compared to control+H₂O₂ group. Conclusion miR-99a can effectively protect neuro-2a cells from oxidative injury induced by hydrogen peroxide.

Ischemic postconditioning inhibited the proliferation of astrocyte following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats

Gao Zhi, Zhao Haiping, Luo Yumin, Wang Rongliang, Zeng Xianwei, Ji Xunming

2014, 35(3):  310-314.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.010

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Objective To observe the effect of ischemic postconditioning(IPostC) on histone deacetylase 1(HDAC1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) expression induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and preliminarily explore the effect of IPostC on proliferation of astrocyte. Methods Transient middle cerebral occlusion(tMCAO) operation was performed by using suture method. A total of 21 male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats(280-300 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups: 1 Sham group(S); 2 tMCAO 1 h group(R-1h); 3 tMCAO+IPostC 1 h group(P-1h); 4 tMCAO 4 h group(R-4h); 5 tMCAO+IPostC 4 h group(P-4h); 6 tMCAO 24 h group(R-24h); 7 tMCAO+IPostC 24 h group(P-24h). In the tMCAO+IPostC groups, IPostC was carried out by five cycles of 10 s occlusion/10 s release of the bilateral common carotid arteries using clamps immediately after reperfusion. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression levels of HDAC1 and GFAP. Results Western blotting results showed that compared with the S group, the GFAP protein expression was increased in R groups and those in the R-1h and R-24h groups were statistically significantly increased(P<0.05). The GFAP protein expression in P groups did not change significantly. Compared with the R group, the GFAP protein expression was reduced in P groups and that in the P-4h group was statistically significantly reduced(P<0.05). Compared with the S group, the HDAC1 protein expression was increased in R groups and that in the R-1h group was statistically significantly increased(P<0.05). The HDAC1 protein expression in P groups did not change significantly. Compared with the R group, the HDAC1 protein expression in P groups was reduced clearly. The immunofluorescence staining results showed that HDAC1 was colocated with GFAP, and also were consistent with those of the Western blotting. Conclusion IPostC decreased the proliferation of astrocyte probably through decreasing HDAD1, therefore, to play a protective role in the ischemia-reperfusion injured brain.

Effect of remote ischemic preconditioning on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression following focal cerebral ischemia in rat

Yan Feng, Yin Jie, Luo Yumin, Li Sen, Wang Yulan, Zhao Yongmei

2014, 35(3):  315-319.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.011

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Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning(RIPC) on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in ischemia-reperfusion rats to explore the relative mechanisms of RIPC on cerebral ischemic injury. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) operation was performed using suture method. Twenty-one male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups: sham group(n=7), MCAO group(n=7) and RIPC+MCAO group(n=7). Three cycles of RIPC induced by temporarily occluding the bilateral femoral arteries(10 minutes) prior to 10 minutes of reperfusion were given three times a day for 3 days before the animal received MCAO surgery. After 2 h ischemia and 24 h reperfusion, neurological deficits were evaluated and brain infarct volume was measured by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining. The expression of iNOS in ipsilateral hemisphere was determined quantitatively by Western blotting analysis. Results 1 The physiological parameters of the three groups of rats were in normal arrange showing no statistically significant difference. The neurological deficit score and brain infarct volume in MCAO group rats increased significantly compared with those of sham group at 24 h after reperfusion(P<0.05), which were significantly decreased by RIPC+MCAO treatment(P<0.05). 2 The expression of iNOS in ipsilateral hemispheres of MCAO group rats at 24 h after reperfusion increased significantly compared with that of sham group rats(P<0.05) while the expression of iNOS in RIPC+MACAO group reduced remarkably compared with that of MCAO group(P<0.05). Conclusion RIPC treatment protects against cerebral ischemic injury in rats, which might be related to the decreased expression of iNOS in the ischemic brain.

Effect of microglia in alcohol-induced brain damage

Li Jincheng, Zhao Haiping, Luo Yumin

2014, 35(3):  320-323.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.012

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Alcohol has a significant effect on the central nervous system, as the key immune effector cells in the brain, some studies proved that microglia plays an important role in the neurotoxicity of alcohol, which can lead to neuronal death and degeneration. Some investigations demonstrated that microglia is beneficial to maintain a steady state rather than causing nerve degeneration, microglia activation is the end of the damage induced by the alcohol rather than cause. This paper reviews the microglial response and related mechanism in neuronal death and degeneration caused by alcohol.

Application of HaloTag technology in the intracellular imaging and quantitative analysis of alpha-synuclein

Feng Xueting, Zhang Chenguang, Zhang Min, Yue Zhixia, Xing Tianyu, Li Shentao, Ding Wei

2014, 35(3):  324-330.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.013

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Objective To develop a novel method for intracellular imaging and semi-quantification of alpha-synuclein(SNCA) using HaloTag technology by staining of fluorescent fusion proteins. Methods The mammalian expression vector of a Halo-SNCA was constructed, and the obtained plasmid was transfected into HEK293 cells. The expressed fusion protein was identified by Western blotting, and meanwhile labeled with TMR fluorescent ligand for laser confocal microscopy. The samples following imaging were subjected to protease digestion; the released ligands were quantified according to the measurements of fluorescence intensities to evaluate the expression levels of Halo-SNCA. Results The Halo-SNCA fusion protein was efficiently expressed in eukaryotic cells. The intracellular distribution of the Halo-SNCA was demonstrated by confocal microscopy with high resolution. Labeling with HaloTag fluorescent ligand was a practical approach to semi-quantitatively estimate the expression levels of Halo-SNCA with TMR fluorescent intensities. Conclusion The pHalo-SNCA vector can be a useful tool to analyze SNCA intracellular functions by simultaneously monitoring the localization/distribution and the dynamics of expression levels.

Prediction of the psychological fear on pain sensitivity

Xu Min, Wang Kun, Andrew CN CHEN

2014, 35(3):  331-336.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.014

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Objective To investigate the prediction of the subject's psychological level on behavioral pain threshold to cuff-pressure tonic pain test and its effect to physical signs of heart rate(HR) and blood pressure(BP). Methods Fifteen healthy young male subjects(age:18-29 years) participated in the study. They were asked to fill in the informed consent and 6 psychological questionnaires, which were used to estimate their psychological level. They all were taken the BP and HR before and after the experiment. Then cuff-pressure pain was induced at their left upper(non-dominated) arms. The pain intensities and the pain distresses were recorded when the stimulus was going at the speed of 10 mmHg/s. Meanwhile, we recorded the pressure-pain thresholds before the stimulus and the HR as well as BP after each cuff-pressure stimulus. Results ① The results of the psychometrics were all in normal limits and the fear level for each subject was negatively correlated with his own values of the 3 cuff pressure pain-thresholds(r=-0.58, P=0.02). ② The HR increased after the pain-test(P<0.03). ③ When teach stimulus was going on, the pain-intensities and the distresses for each subject were increasing gradually. Conclusion ① The result of the fear psychometry can predict the behavioral pain threshold. ② The pain stimulation can increase the HR.

Screening and activity evaluation for potential inhibitors of human PLK1

Zhang Jing, Liu Wei, Chen Yunyu, Si Shuyi

2014, 35(3):  337-343.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.015

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Objective To find potential small-molecular PLK1 inhibitors through high throughput screening using budding yeast assay and examine the in vitro anti-tumor effects of these compounds. Methods The influences of the positive compounds on cells' proliferation were measured by MTT assays. ELISA assay was employed to explore their inhibition activities on purified recombinant human PLK1. Flow cytometry(FCM) was conducted to determine their effects on cell cycle and apoptosis in Hela cells. The levels of Cyclin B1 and PLK1 were detected by Western blotting. Results We got 3 hits from preliminary screening by yeast assay. In vitro antitumor results revealed that compounds 1 and 3 showed the enhanced inhibition on the cell proliferation of human cancer cell lines with concentration increasing, while the activity of compound 2 was very weak. Compound 1 had lower nanomolar activity against the PLK1 enzyme without influencing its protein expression compared with compound 2 and 3. FCM showed that cells treated with compound 1 were arrested in G2/M phase. Western blotting showed an increase in expression of Cyclin B1 in Hela cells after treated with compound 1. Conclusion The inhibition effect of compound 1 on PLK1 was associated with kinase activity without influencing the PLK1 protein expression. Compound 1 is expected to become one of the anti-cancer drug candidates targeted at PLK1.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Parkinson’s disease patients

Zhao Chunsong, Zou Haiqiang, Yan Xiaoming, Guan Yunqian, Chen Ling, Wang Jiayin, Zhang Yu

2014, 35(3):  344-352.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.016

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Objective To observe the immune-suppression ability of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSC) on the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC), which were isolated from young(25~35 years) healthy, middle aged(50~60 years) healthy, and middle aged PD(Parkinson's disease) individuals and to explore what cytokines are required to induce UC-MSC to be immune-suppressive. Methods All the recruits were males. Co-culture of the PBMCs and the UC-MSC pretreated by different cytokines and measure the proliferation of PBMC were done. Results The immune-suppression ability of UC-MSC was confirmed with young healthy, middle aged healthy, and middle aged PD individuals. In our experiments, IFN-γ synergized with TNFα, IL-1α, or IL-1β in inducing UC-MSCs was proved to inhibit PBMC proliferation. The combinations of "IFN-γ+IL-1α" and "IFN-α+IL-1β" are more powerful than "IFN-γ+TNF-α" in inducing UC-MSC to inhibit the proliferation of PBMC. We also found that the PBMC proliferation of young after UC-MSC co-culture was significantly lower than that of PD patients, but the proliferation of PD patients' PBMC didn't show any difference when compared with middle aged healthy ones. Conclusions All of these results showed that the immune-suppression ability of UC-MSC is not innate, but is cytokine stimulation dependent. Furthermore, the PBMC inhibition of PD patient, together with that the PD progression did not affect the response of PBMC toward the inhibition of UC-MSC, is the direct evidence that UC-MSC might be a candidate cell type in anti-inflammation therapy of PD.

Curative effect analysis of veno-arterialization of finger lateral vein for repairing severed finger tips

Jiang Qiting, Yang Lina, Gao Zhiqiang, Wang Yu, Jiang Zhiwei

2014, 35(3):  353-357.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.017

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Objective To explore the effectiveness of veno-arterialization of finger lateral vein for repairing severed finger tips by comparing with veno-arterialization of finger pulp vein. Methods From March 2006 to April 2012, thirty-four patients with severed finger tips were admitted to our center, with veno-arterialization after failure in anastomosing artery of finger over times. Twenty patients underwent veno-arterialization of finger lateral vein(20 fingers, trial group). During operation, the digital artery proximal end and the finger lateral vein distal end was anastomosed as the route of blood supply. Fourteen patients underwent veno-arterialization of finger pulp vein(14 fingers, control group), the digital artery proximal end and the finger pulp vein distal end were anastomosed as the route of blood supply. There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, duration of disease, finger of injury, lesion segments, failure in anastomosing artery of finger over times, fracture, and nerve damage between 2 groups(P>0.05). Results All patients survived completely in trial group, the survival rate was 100%(20/20); Four fingers necrosis in control group, the survival rates was 71.4%(10/14); there were significant difference in results between 2 groups(P=0.022). Twenty seven patients were successfully followed up, eighteen patients were successfully followed up 6-14 months(mean, 10.2 months) in trial group, 9 patients were successfully followed up 8-12 months(mean, 9.6 months) in control group. The fingers had satisfactory appearance, finger pulp was plump with good flexibility, no obvious deformed growth of nail were found, and a sound recovery was obtained in trial group; mild atrophy of the fingers in control group. The postoperative length of nail, motion of distal interphalangeal joint(DIPJ), sensation measurement, and two point discrimination were improved significantly when compared with preoperative values in 2 groups(P<0.05). According to TAM scales, the results were excellent in 12 cases, good in 5 cases and fair in 1 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 94.4% in trial group, the results were excellent in 5 cases, good in 2 cases and fair in 2 cases, with an excellent and good rate of 77.8% in control group, there were no significantly improved(P=0.250). Conclusion The veno-arterialization of finger lateral vein is a valuable method for repairing severed finger tips, which can promote growth of nail, and restore motion and sensation of fingers.

Effects of different fat intakes on morbidity of hyperglycemia of middle aged and elderly people in Zhangfang Village, Fangshan District, Beijing

Hong Zhongxin, Wang Jia

2014, 35(3):  358-363.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.018

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Objective To investigate the relationship between the fat intake and the morbidity of hyperglycemia in middle aged and elderly people in Zhang Fang village, Fang Shan District, Beijing. Methods Totally 134 middle aged and elderly villagers were selected randomly. The diet intake was investigated. Then we calculated the nutrients intake, average mixed dietary glycemic index and mixed dietary glycemic load. We measured the parameters of anthropometry, including body mass index, body fat, waist-hip rate and triceps skin fold, and daily life habit, such as smoking, drinking, sleeping and exercise. The immediate glucose was measured using Roche glucometer, and give clear indication of the measure time, such as fasting blood-glucose, 1-hour glucose or 2-hour glucose. Results of glucose testing were categorized as follow: hyperglycemia including fasting glucose level more than 6.1 mmol/L, 1-hour glucose level more than 11.1 mmol/L, 2-hour glucose level more than 7.8 mmol/L and diagnosed diabetes. The other people's levels were as in normal glucose. According to the median of fat intake, we separate the villagers into two groups, relatively high fat(RHF) group(fat intake more than 33.8g per day), relatively low fat(RLF) group(fat intake less than 33.8g per day). Then we analyzed the indexes of the two groups. Results The morbidity of hyperglycemia in this village in aged and elderly people was 47.01%(the morbidity of new discovery hyperglycemia was 29.1%). The morbidity of hyperglycemia in RHF group was higher than in RLF group significantly. There were no significant differences in carbohydrate intake, mixed dietary glycemic index, the parameters of anthropometry, and daily life habit between the two groups. But the intake of protein, dietary fiber, total energy and mixed dietary glycemic load in RHF group were significantly higher than those in RLF group. Conclusion The morbidity of hyperglycemia of middle aged and elderly people in Zhang Fang Village was in high level.This phenomenon is related to the high fat intake(but not carbohydrate intake) and high total energy intake, and has nothing to do with the parameters of anthropometry, and daily life habit.

Diagnosis of vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth

Fan Yaxian, Li Hua

2014, 35(3):  364-367.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.019

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Objective To discuss the characteristics and diagnosis of vertical root fracture(VRF) in endodontically treated teeth. Methods Fourteen patients were diagnosed definitely by radiological examinations, flap elevations and being extracted, and retrospectively analysed the history, signs and the results of X-ray or cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) examinations. Results There were 6 molars, 4 premolars and 4 front teeth, respectively. All the 14 teeth had crown and 10 of them had posts. Conclusion The diagnosis of vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth is difficult. We should make diagnosis synthetically according to the history and clinical traits of patients.

Imaging features and postoperative follow-up of adrenocortical oncocytic adenocarcinoma

Luo Xuefen, Zhao Yijun, Chen Zhendong

2014, 35(3):  368-372.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.020

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Objective To investigate the imaging features and postoperative follow-up of adrenocortical oncocytic adenocarcinoma. Methods The imaging features of 10 cases with adrenocortical oncocytic adenocarcinoma confirmed by pathological analysis were retrospectively analyzed with postoperative follow-up. Results CT scan in 10 patients: CT displayed isointense or slightly hypodense mass. The signals were slight hyperintensity on both T1-and T2-weighted images, and in the arterial phase, the images of enhanced CT and enhanced MRI showed mild heterogeneous enhancement, and continuously enhanced in venous and delay phase. In the postoperative follow-up of 10 patients after CT contrast enhanced scan, relapse and metastasis weren't seen in 9 cases, 1 case was found relapse a half year after operation and metastasis followed. Conclusion The adrenocortical oncocytic adenocarcinoma has little clinical or imaging characteristics. It is difficult to make a differential diagnosis by imaging before operation, and may be misdiagnosed as pheochromocytoma or other tumours. To large nonfunctioning adrenal tumor, the possibility of oncocytic adenocarcinoma should be considered. As the adrenocortical oncocytic adenocarcinoma has its borderline and malignant, the postoperative follow-up is significant.

The progress in apoptotic mechanism of ovarian granulosa cells involved in premature ovarian failure

Ye Na, Dong Xiaoying, Li Donghua

2014, 35(3):  379-383.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.03.023

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Premature ovarian failure(POF), with an increasingly higher and higher incidence, has become a serious disease which threatens female health in recent years. Many scholars have studied the etiology of it and found that the cause of this disease is multifaceted: genetic defects, hormone and its receptor defects, metabolic disorders and autoimmune disorders can all account for this disease. In addition, some artificial mechanical damage can also induce POF, but the exact mechanism is still unknown. No matter what cause above is the culprit, apoptosis of the granulosa cells concomitantly is widespread in the study, which shows it showed a direct relationship with POF. In this paper, current research progress of granulosa cells' apoptosis in POF will be reviewed and a mechanism of granulosa cells' apoptosis causing POF will be proposed, which aims to provide a reference for future research.