Table of Content

21 August 2014, Volume 35 Issue 4

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Menopause hormone therapy and risk of metabolic syndrome

Ruan Xiangyan, Cui Yamei, Diethelm Wallwiener, Alfred O. Mueck

2014, 35(4):  387-391.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.001

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The metabolic syndrome (including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension) has become one of the major public-health challenges worldwide. The menopause hormone therapy(MHT) is in use for more than a half of century, but the question of indications and ideal candidates for hormone replacement therapy(HRT) remains unclear. Postmenopausal women are a population with the increasing risks for cardiovascular diseases which are the main cause of death in this group. Decline in estrogen concentrations is linked to a number of changes in peri and postmenopause: increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein, increased insulin resistance and increased blood pressure etc. These changes are the main components of metabolic syndrome. HRT is currently recommended as the gold standard for the management of vasomotor symptoms, but the benefit of MHT on components of metabolic syndrome and risk for cardiovascular events risk is still uncertain. This review will focus on MHT risk and benefit issues.

Investigation on the prevalence of menopausal symptoms of women in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital

Cui Yamei, Ruan Xiangyan, Tian Xuanxuan, Zhang Ying, Wu Hongqin, Liu Yulan, Zhen Jie, Diethelm Wallwiener, Alfred O. Mueck

2014, 35(4):  392-396.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.002

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Objective To investigate climacteric symptoms and the health status of perimenopausal women in Hospital. Methods The questionnaire survey was carried out on menopausal women. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results There are 194 women completed the survey. The five most frequent symptoms in menopausal women were fatigue(79.38%), insomnia(76.80%), irritability(74.23%), depression(67.01%), palpitation(67.01%), while in postmenopausal women were knee pain(100%), vaginal dryness(100%), urinary incontinence(100%), fatigue(77.68%), insomnia(75.89%). Higher follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), aging and poor education were related to climacteric syndrome. Conclusion Our results of menopausal symptoms were different from the westerners'. Education, age, FSH may be associated with menopausal symptoms. Total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), luteinizing hormone(LH), progesterone(P), testosterone(T), estradiol(E2) may not be associated with symptoms of menopause.

Investigation on the prevalence and the types of female sexual dysfunction（FSD） of 298 cases perimenopause women

Wang Qianqian, Ruan Xiangyan, Tian Xuanxuan, Cui Yamei, Du Juan, Diethelm Wallwiener, Alfred O. Mueck, Dai Yinmei

2014, 35(4):  397-401.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.003

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Objective To investigate the prevalence and the types of female sexual dysfunction(FSD) of perimenopause women in our clinic, and the influence of menopause, age, smoking, cohabitation time, the number of pregnancy and depression on female sexual function. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. The patients from Dept. of Gynecological Endocrinology in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University and menopausal women from different communities of Heilongjiang and Shandong Province were investigated with questionnaires of FSFI and self rating Depression Scale(SDS). All data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Results A total of 500 questionnaires were granted and 92.2% of those were recovered. 298 questionnaires were included for analysis after screening in the end. The average total score of FSFI was 23.69 and the prevalence of FSD is 58.1% in perimenopause women according to the definition of FSD, the total score of FSFI below of 26.55, in our study. According to the 6 dimensions of FSFI, the prevalence of sexual desire disorder, sexual arousal disorder, orgasm disorder, sexual satisfaction disorder, sexual pain and vaginal lubrication disorders were 50.7%, 43.3%, 35.6%, 33.6%, 29.5% and 28.5% orderly. Higher age and depression are risks for FSD(P<0.05), menopause, the number of pregnancy, cohabitation time, smoking, drinking had no significant effect on female sexual function(P>0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of FSD of perimenopause women in our clinic is 58.1%, and the prevalence of sexual desire disorder, sexual arousal disorder, orgasm disorder, sexual satisfaction disorder, sexual pain and vaginal lubrication disorders were 50.7%, 43.3%, 35.6%, 33.6%, 29.5% and 28.5% in turn.

Changes of anti-Mullerian hormone（AMH） and inhibin B（INHB） during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Li Ying, Nie Mingyue, Fang Ying, Yang Xiaokui

2014, 35(4):  402-406.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.004

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Objective To explore dynamics of anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH) and inhibin B(INHB) during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) in polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS), and assess the value of these dynamic changes on the prediction of outcome in PCOS patients undergoing in vitro fertilization(IVF). Methods Thirty-seven women with PCOS and 41 women with normal ovarian reserve as the control were recruited in the study. AMH and INHB levels were measured in serum on menstrual cycle day 2 or 3(D2/3), day 5 of gonadotropin stimulation(D5), human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG) day (D-hCG) and follicular fluid(FF) on oocyte retrieval day during IVF treatment, and the relationship of AMH and INHB levels with COH outcomes was analyzed. Results (1) AMH levels gradually decreased while INHB levels gradually increased from D2/3 to D-hCG during COH procedure. (2) Significant differences were observed in estradiol(E2) levels of hCG day, gonadotrophin(Gn) dosage, retrieved oocytes, fertilization rate and frozen embryos(P<0.05) in PCOS and control groups. (3) There was a negative correlation in serum AMH and INHB levels on D2/3, D5 and D-hCG with Gn dosage, positive correlation with estradiol of hCG day(P<0.05, P<0.001), no correlation with oocytes retrieval and clinical pregnancy rate(P>0.05). Conclusion Serum AMH and INHB levels are demonstrated to have dynamic changes during COH procedure in PCOS patients, and reflect the ovarian response in COH. The predictive value of AMH and INHB on COH outcomes in PCOS remains to be evaluated via further research.

Efficacy of Diane 35 vs Diane 35 plus metformin on polycystic ovarian syndrome women under comprehensive management

Wu Hongqin, Ruan Xiangyan, Lu Yongjun, Tian Xuanxuan, Zhang Ying, Liu Yulan, Zhen Jie, Diethelm Wallwiener, Alfred O. Mueck

2014, 35(4):  407-413.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.005

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Objective To provide theoretical basis of standardized management and treatment for polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) patients through the study of Diane 35 vs Diane 35 plus metformin on PCOS women under comprehensive management. Methods Sixty patients with PCOS were randomly divided into two groups, Diane-35-only group and Diane-35 plus metformin(the combination) group, each with 30 cases. Their resting-energy-consumption and body-composition-measurement on movement functionality were analyzed to offer individualized nutrition and exercise guidance. Three Diane-35 cycles were administered; metformin was added in one group. We selected the data of patients' height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, acne score, hirsutism score; serum hormone level were tested between 2nd and 5th days of menstrual cycle, such as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, blood glucose, blood lipids, insulin, etc. Results 1 After three months' treatment, body mass index, acne score, LH levels and T levels dropped in both groups, while HDL-C concentration elevated, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the hairy score decreased slightly(P>0.05); total cholesterol and triglycerides concentration elevated(P>0.05). 2 After three months' treatment, the body fat content, fasting glucose and insulin resistance index in combined treatment group decreased, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). 3 After three months' treatment, fasting blood sugar was elevated and fasting insulin concentration dropped in Diane-35 treatment group(P>0.05). 4 The body mass index, fasting blood glucose changes were significant different between two groups(P<0.05), while the rest indicators were not significantly different(P>0.05). Conclusion Under the individualized nutrition and exercise guidance, Diane-35 only group or Diane-35 plus metformin group could both effectively reduce serum testosterone levels, improve acne symptoms, but not hirsutism. The combination group can reduce the fat content in patients with PCOS, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and Diane-35 alone does not worsen glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with PCOS.

Investigation and analysis of related factors in 437 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Tian Xuanxuan, Ruan Xiangyan, Wang Juan, Liu Shunyu, Yin Dongmei, Lu Yongjun, Wu Hongqin, Diethelm Wallwiener, Alfred O. Mueck

2014, 35(4):  414-418.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.006

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Objective To investigate the factors related to polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS), such as, familial, lifestyle, habits and mental status, which will provide scientific basis of prevention and clinical treatment for PCOS. Methods A total of 782 women in reproductive age including 437 cases of PCOS(PCOS group) and 345 cases of normal healthy women in reproductive age(control group) were recruited. All participants had detailed history taking and answered questions via the self-scale questionnaire. Results Irregular life schedule, mother has history of oligomenorrhea or infertility, mother has older menopause age, lacking fresh fruits and vegetables, and lacking physical exercise were related factors of PCOS. Conclusion Good lifestyle and habits as well as regular physical exercise are effective method to prevent PCOS.

Effects of Zi Gui Nv Zhen capsule on pregnancy outcome in infertility due to thin endometrium

Wang Haiwen, Ruan Xiangyan, Diethelm Wallwiener, Alfred O. Mueck

2014, 35(4):  419-423.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.007

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Objective To observe the effects of Zi Gui Nv Zhen capsule on pregnancy outcome in infertility due to thin endometrium. Methods To observe one hundred sixty-five infertility patients with thin endometrium. These patients were divided into two groups by random number table method. The observation group had 80 cases, control group 85 cases. The control group was treated with estradiol valerate alone. Besides the treatment given to the control group, patients of observation group were given Zi Gui Nv Zhen capsule for treatment. Endometrial spiral artery blood flow pulsation index(PI) and endometrial spiral artery blood flow resistance index(RI), endometrium thickness, luteal phase serum progesterone and estradiol of after ovulation were observed and the patients were followed up for pregnancy and live birth rates. Results The thickenness of observation group type A endometrium of patients increased significantly(P<0.05) as compared with the control group. Uterus artery RI and PI in ovulation day of patients in the observation group was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). After three cycles the observation group had significantly higher pregnancy rate, follow-up found that the pregnancy rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05); live birth rate in two groups had no significant statistical difference. Conclusion Application of Zi Gui Nv Zhen capsule combined with estradiol valerate therapy in thin endometrium of infertile patients could reduce uterine artery resistance, increase uterine artery blood flow, increase the expression of estrogen receptor, so estrogen can better play its role, thereby improved endometrial thickness and type, to improve endometrial receptivity traditional Chinese medicine might regulate systemic neuroendocrine system, improve ovarian function, improve ovum quality, thereby improve clinical pregnancy rate.

Association between thyroid-stimulating hormone and serum lipid in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Yin Dongmei, Ruan Xiangyan, Lu Yongjun, Wu Hongqin, Tian Xuanxuan, Diethelm Wallwiener, Alfred O. Mueck

2014, 35(4):  424-427.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.008

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Objective To investigate the differences in clinical features, endocrine metabolic parameters of polycystic ovary syndrome patients with different levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone. Methods One hundred and ten PCOS patients were enrolled. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumferences were measured. Chemiluminescence was applied for measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH), total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein(LDL), high density lipoprotein(HDL), triglyceride(TG), fasting blood-glucose(FBG), fasting insulin(INS), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone(T), prolactin(PRL) and estradiol(E2); Body mass index(BMI), waist-to-hip circumference ratio(WHR), LH-to-FSH ratio(LH/FSH) were calculated; The insulin resistance index evaluated by steady-state model(HOMA-IR); all patients were divided into two groups according to serum thyroid-stimulating hormone: group A had 71 cases with TSH<2.5 mIu/L, as group B of 39 cases with TSH≥2.5 mIu/L; all the hormone parameters mentioned above were compared between group A and B, and the correlation with TSH. Results The WHR and LDL in group B(TSH≥2.5 mIu/L) is significantly higher than that of the patients in group A(TSH<2.5 mIu/L). The increase of TSH concentration positively correlates to an increase of WHR, TC, LDL-C and PRL. No significant differences are shown in other clinical and metabolic indicators. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between TSH and lipid metabolic parameters. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome and with thyroid-stimulating hormone≥2.5 mIu/L had significantly endocrine and metabolic changes.

Effects of comprehensive treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） on pregnancy outcomes

Lu Yongjun, Ruan Xiangyan, Tian Xuanxuan, Liu Yulan, Zhen Jie, Diethelm Wallwiener, Alfred O. Mueck

2014, 35(4):  428-432.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.009

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Objective To observe efficacy of comprehensive treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) on pregnancy outcomes.Methods A total of 100 patients with PCOS who were expecting to become pregnant seen in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between August 2012 and February 2014 and signed informed consent voluntarily to participate in this research project were enrolled. According to need and willingness of participants to take Diane-35 and metformin, they were divided into observation group(n=50) and control group(n=50). The patients in observation group were treated with individualized comprehensive treatment for 3 months, which included Diane-35 and/or metformin and modification of lifestyle. Control group was only treated with modification of lifestyle. The pregnancy outcomes of two groups were observed. Results 1 The pregnancy rate of 2 groups had no significant difference(P>0.05); 2 The control group had spontaneous abortion in 6 cases, gestational diabetes mellitus in 5 cases and pregnancy induced hypertension in 6 case; the observation group developed spontaneous abortion in 3 cases and had no gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy induced hypertension events. The spontaneous abortion rate for two groups had no significant difference(P>0.05), but compared to control group, observation group had a tendency to have lower rate of spontaneous miscarriege. The incidence of gestational diabetes and pregnancy induced hypertension in observation group were lower than those of control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive treatment showed a positive role in pregnancy of patients with PCOS and can reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes(e.g. spontaneous abortion, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy induced hypertension) to a certain extent.

Effect of fluconazole on biofilm of Candida parapsilosis

Ding Xiurong, Su Jianrong

2014, 35(4):  433-437.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.010

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Objective To explore the sensitivity of Candida parapsilosis cells grown in developing biofilm to fluconazole and the effect of different concentration of fluconazole on Candida parapsilosis biofilm formation. Methods XTT reduction assay was used to evaluate the effect of fluconazole on developing biofilm of Candida parapsilosis and the inhibition of fluconazole on Candida parapsilosis biofilm formation. Results Twelve-hours biofilms of fluconazole-susceptible strains were resistant to fluconazole. At 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h time points, biofilm formation by fluconazole-resistant strains was significantly inhibited when fluconazole(8 μg/mL) was present. Concentration of 0.5 μg/mL of fluconazole could reduce the biofilm formation by fluconazole-susceptible strains, but the concentration of fluconazole was higher(≥1 μg/mL) for fluconazole-resistant strains. Conclusion The sensitivity to fluconazole of Candida parapsilosis cells grown in developing biofilms was different. Fluconazole inhibited biofilm formation by a variety of laboratory isolated strains.

Effect of sample storage method and time on the test results for serum total carbon dioxide

Du Yamei, Zhang Guojun, Chen Yan, Wang Qian, Ma Ruimin, Lyu Hong, Kang Xixiong

2014, 35(4):  438-442.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.011

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Objective To study the effect of sample storage method and time on the test results of serum total carbon dioxide. Methods Under the condition that total carbon dioxide(TCO₂) measurement system can guarantee the stability of TCO₂ results. TCO₂ of two quality controls and a mixed serum was measured promptly at different time points after storage under various conditions: open samples at room temperature(25±2)℃, sealed samples at room temperature, open samples at 4℃, and sealed samples at 4℃. Results High level quality control(QC), low level QC and mixed serum samples decreased by 9.65%, 13.42% and 7.74%, respectively, at 75 min when samples were stored at room temperature and kept open. The same samples decreased by 4.53, 9.43 and 3.94% at 90 min when stored at room temperature and kept seal. The samples decreased by 8.96, 8.60 and 3.94% at 75 min when stored at 4℃ and kept open, and decreased by 3.44%, 3.56% and 2.19% at 2 h when stored at 4℃ and kept sealed. Conclusion TCO₂ decreased over time and decreased at different rate according to storage condition. TCO₂ of sealed samples decreased much slower than open samples. The colder samples stored, the slower TCO₂ decreased.

Evaluation on performance of dry-type blood cell analyzer

Lyu Hong, Yu Junfeng, Li Xiao, Zhang Guojun, Kang Xixiong

2014, 35(4):  443-446.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.012

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Objective A comprehensive performance evaluation was done for dry-type blood cell analyzer(QBCRD) based on comparison with Sysmex XE-2100D Blood cell analysis system.Methods White blood cell, hemoglobin, platelet, hematocrit, granulocyte absolute count, lymphocyte absolute count, and monocyte absolute count were tested by QBCRD and Sysmex XE-2100D blood cell analysis system in double-blind trail. Precision of QBCRD was calculated, and also the linearity regression equation, paired T-test.Results CVs of the above 6 parameters were all less than 5%, showing a good precision. Good correlation with Sysmex XE-2100D blood cell analysis system in the above 6 parameters(r²: 0.99, 0.98, 0.98, 0.95, 0.99 and 0.96). There was no significant difference between QBCRD and Sysmex XE-2100D blood cell analysis system in the above 6 parameters based on P value of paired T-test are all above 0.05. Conclusion All the items evaluated in QBCRD were highly correlated with System XE-2100D automated blood cell analysis system. QBCRD dry method blood cell analyzer is suitable for field hospital of army or on-the-spot first aid.

Changes of regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood and liver in acute liver failure

Sun Haiqing, Lou Jinli, Liu Xin, Dang Yan, Shi Hongbo, Chen Yu

2014, 35(4):  447-451.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.013

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Objective To investigate the changes of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells(Tregs) in the peripheral blood and liver during acute liver failure. Methods By using flow cytometry, the peripheral blood in 10 cases of acute liver failure patients and five healthy controls were analyzed. The Balb/C mice were randomly divided into acute liver failure 1 d, 3 d, 7 d group and normal control group. The model of acute liver failure was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride(CCL₄), at the same time, the control group was injected with an equal amount of 0.9% sodium chloride. The serum was collected for detecting ALT and AST. The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining. The changes of peripheral blood and liver tissue infiltration of Tregs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Compared with normal persons, the Tregs frequency in peripheral blood of acute liver failure decreased, (3.23±1.87) vs (6.08±1.45), P<0.05. Certainly, in animal experiment, the proportion of Tregs in peripheral blood of ALF, CD25⁺Foxp3⁺/CD4⁺, decreased compared to controls〔(3.80±1.59)%, (5.23±1.32)%, (3.34±1.05)% vs (5.93±0.25)%; P>0.05, P>0.05, P>0.05〕. However, the flow cytometric analysis showed that Tregs frequency, CD25⁺Foxp3⁺/CD4⁺, was higher in mouse liver of acute liver failure 1 d, 3 d and 7 d than the control group〔(3.73±1.73)%, (5.93±0.60)%, (11.16±4.65)% vs (3.33±0.99)%; P>0.05, P>0.05, P <0.05〕. Conclusion In acute liver failure, intrahepatic CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells showed an increasing trend, while decreased in peripheral blood in mice and patients. Tregs may have a certain correlation with the incidence of acute liver failure.

The values of serum procalcitonin and endotoxin in diagnosis of the ascitic infection in patients with cirrhosis

Dang Yan, Yu Yanhua, Liu Xin, Zhang Lili, Chen Ming, Lou Jinli

2014, 35(4):  452-455.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.014

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Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum procalcitonin and endotoxin in diagnosis of the ascitic infection in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods Retrospective study on 61 cirrhotic patients with ascitic infection and 67 cirrhotic patients with sterile ascites in Beijing Youan Hospital from August 2012 to December 2013. The levels of procalcitonin and endotoxin in serum of these patients were analyzed. Results The common pathogens were Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and so on. Mean values of procalcitonin and endotoxin in the ascitic infection group were significantly higher than those in the non-ascitic infection group(P<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve of procalcitonin and endotoxin were 0.983 and 0.919, respectively. The sensitivities of procalcitonin and endotoxin were 93.5% and 83.6% respectively, while the specificities were 88.1% and 97.0% respectively in diagnosis of the ascitic infection. Conclusion The serum levels of procalcitonin and endotoxin in cirrhotic patients with ascitic infection both rose and had high sensitivities and specificities. Detections of procalcitonin and endotoxin could be applied in diagnosis of ascitic infection in patients with cirrhosis as fast and accurate auxiliary indicators. The value of procalcitonin was higher especially.

Clinical utility of serum procalcitonin in differentiation of pulmonary infections in the elderly populations

Lu Binghuai, Shi Yanli, Li Xueqing, ZHU Fengxia, Xia Lijiao, Shi Lina, Zhao Hua

2014, 35(4):  456-462.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.015

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Objective To investigate the clinical utility of serum procalcitonin(PCT) in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in elderly populations due to different pathogens. Methods A retrospective review was conducted by collecting the clinical data and microbiological records of 166 aged patients(≥60) having pulmonary infections from January 2009 to December 2011, including bacterial pneumonia(92 cases, 50 Gram-negative bacteria and 42 Gram-positive bacteria), pulmonary candida infection(PC, 12 cases), active pulmonary tuberculosis infection(TB, 11 cases), Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection(MP, 31 cases), and viral pneumonia(20 cases). Furthermore, 12 healthy subjects who underwent the physical examination enrolled as the control group. The serum PCT levels and other biomarkers were determined. The non-parametric test was used to analyze the differences of PCT between the aforementioned groups while ROC curves to determine the best differentiating cut-off values. Results The PCT levels were significantly higher in all pulmonary infections but Mycoplasma pneumoniae than those in the control group(P<0.01). Moreover, the PCT levels in bacterial pneumonia and pulmonary candida infection indicated no significant difference(χ²=447.0, P=0.285), however, its levels in bacterial pneumonia and PC groups were significantly higher than those in active TB and MP infection groups(χ²=308.5, P=0.012). The changing trends of PCT concentrations in different groups were as follows: bacterial pneumonia≈PC>active TB>MP infection/viral infection≈control group. ROC curve indicated that at the cut-off values of 0.48 ng/mL and 0.10 ng/mL PCT could best differentiate bacterial pneumonia and PC from active TB and MP infection, respectively. Conclusion The serum PCT concentration, if at higher level, could be used as an effective means in differentiating pulmonary infections in the elderly populations, but if it was at slightly increased level, it might be caused by various microbiological pathogens that would reduce its clinical value and limit its utility.

Alterations in the expression of β-adrenoceptor subtypes in duodenal mucosa of Parkinson’s rats

Feng Xiaoyan, Fan Ruifang, Sun Lu, Zhang Yue, Fu Xiaosuo, Zhu Jinxia

2014, 35(4):  463-467.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.016

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Objective To investigate the alterations of β-adrenoceptor subtypes in the duodenal mucosa of 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) rat models. Methods Rats were subjected with 6-OHDA in bilateral substantia nigra(SN) to make the PD rat models. The location and quantitative detecting techniques including immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to determine the alterations of β-adrenoceptor subtypes(β₁, β₂, β₃) in the PD rats. Results All three subtypes of β-adrenoceptor were found to express in the epithelial layer of duodenum in the model and control rats. However, the levels of the three receptors were higher in model rats than those of control rats with the β₂ subtype being most prominent. Conclusion The β-adrenoceptors(β₁, β₂, β₃) are up-regulated in the duodenal mucosa of 6-OHDA-induced PD rats, suggesting a potential mechanism for the gastrointestinal dysfunction in PD.

Establishment of hepatic metastasis model of colorectal cancer for optical in vivo imaging in mice with bioluminescence and near-infrared luminescence

Piao Chunmei, Liu Xuxia, Wang Lvya, Du Jie

2014, 35(4):  468-472.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.017

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Objective To detect hepatic metastasis and tumor angiogenesis in vivo imaging with bioluminescence and fluorescence in hepatic metastasis model of colorectal cancer. Methods Mice were inoculated with SL4 cells, colorectal cancer cell line, stably expressed firefly luciferase gene, after 2 weeks of the injection we detect hepatic metastases in vivo imaging in mice with bioluminescence and also determine tumor angiogenesis with in vivo imaging in mice with fluorescence. Results We confirmed hepatic metastasis over time with luciferase activity, and also found tumor angiogenesis in hepatic metastasis foci, which confirmed by immunostaining of CD34 marker of vessels.Conclusion Establishment of hepatic metastasis model of colorectal cancer for optical in vivo imaging in mice with bioluminescence and fluorescence.

Tumor suppressor gene Rb1 was down-regulated by miR-26a in Y79 retinoblastoma cells

Bai Jing, Chu Dong, Gao Hai, Liu Xiangyi

2014, 35(4):  473-476.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.018

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Objective To explore the mechanism on down-regulation ofRb1expression in Rb cells. Methods In our study, the expression of miR-26a andRb1was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results Here, it was shown that miR-26a was differentially expressed in human retinoblastoma cells and tissues, compared with human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Our results also showed that miR-26a tightly regulated the expression ofRb1by specifically targeting a conserved sequence motif in its 3' UTR, resulting in a low expression ofRb1in retinoblastoma cells. Conclusion The expression of tumor supressor geneRb1was down-regulated by miR-26a in Y79 Rb cells.

Mechanical responses of cochlear outer hair cells

Li Yi, Liu Huizhan, Gong Shusheng, He Zhizhou

2014, 35(4):  477-482.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.019

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Objective To examine the influence of membrane conductances and mechanical load on the dynamic characteristics of outer hair cell(OHC) motility. Methods All the experiments were performed on OHCs isolated from the 4th turns of guinea pig cochleae, using whole-cell voltage-clamp and microchamber techniques. Motility was measured using a photodiode-based measurement system. Results Membrane conductances influence both sensitivity and nonlinearity of motility, and that mechanical load significantly affects magnitude, asymmetry and frequency response of motility. Conclusion Membrane conductances and mechanical load influence OHC motility, thereby, the cochlear amplifier.

Differences of liver CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in mice with acute and chronic liver injury

Zhang Xiaohui, Liu Xin, Bai Li, Chen Yu, Duan Zhongping

2014, 35(4):  483-487.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.020

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Objective The present study focuses on the differences and significance of intrahepatic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells(Tregs) between acute and chronic liver injury. Methods C57BL/6J mice were treated with carbon tetrachloride(CCL₄) by intraperitoneal injection, to prepare acute(24 h) and chronic liver injury(6 weeks) model; control mice were injected with saline. The pathological changes of livers in different mouse models were observed by Masson staining; the expression of intrahepatic Tregs was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining; the mRNA levels of collagen-Ⅰ, collagen-Ⅲ, IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β were detected by real-time PCR. Results Masson staining showed a large liver cell necrosis with bleeding in acute liver injury mice; however, pseudolobule formed in the liver of chronic liver injury mice, while type-Ⅰ, type-Ⅲ collagen expression was increased. Tregs expression has elevated in both acute and chronic liver injury mice, but chronic injury group increased in magnitude larger than acute injury group(P<0.01). Intrahepatic inhibitory cytokine IL-10, TGF-β in chronic liver injury group were increased larger than that in acute injury liver group(P<0.05); while the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 in mice with acute liver injury were enhanced more significantly comparing to mice in chronic liver injury(P<0.01). Conclusion The expression of intrahepatic Tregs was different between acute and chronic liver injury. In acute liver injury, especially in the recovery of acute liver injury, Tregs increased in part to inhibit the proliferation of inflammation, and promote the body's recovery; in chronic liver injury, Tregs were significantly increased to induce formation of immune tolerance, suppress immune clearance, finally led to hepatic fibrosis.

CD200 expression in different stages of squamous cell carcinoma

Mei Xueling, Zhong Shan, Li Yan, Wang Meifang

2014, 35(4):  488-491.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.021

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Objective To study the trend of CD200 expression in different stages of squamous cell carcinoma. Methods To collect specimens of normal skin, actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma and invasion squamous cell carcinoma and to detect the expression of CD200 by immunohistochemical method. Results Compared with normal skin, a significant increase is found in CD200 expression in actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma and invasion squamous cell carcinoma(P<0.01). Compared with actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease, a significant increase is found in CD200 expression in squamous cell carcinoma and invasion squamous cell carcinoma(P<0.01). Conclusion High expression of CD200 may promote progression of squamous cell carcinoma.

Research on the effects of self-efficacy community rehabilitation training and health education in patients with chronic convalescence schizophrenia

Zhang Wanchun, Han Haiying, Sun Ran

2014, 35(4):  492-495.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.022

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Objective Explore the Daxing district community rehabilitation training and ongoing health education on chronic schizophrenic patients recovering from the effect of self-efficacy.Methods There are 140 cases of female patients were randomly divided into control group and rehabilitation group of 70 cases, the rehabilitation group in addition are subjected to medical treatment, but also to accept regular year community rehabilitation training and continuing health education. Results Through community-based rehabilitation training and continuing health education, rehabilitation group of patients was significantly higher self-efficacy, the results were statistically significant. Conclusion Through community-based rehabilitation training and continuing health education significantly improved self-efficacy.

Clinical analysis of the newborn rotavirus infection

Wang Yan, Li Yunjuan, Wang Lei

2014, 35(4):  496-500.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.023

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Objective To analyze clinical data of rotavirus infection in the newborn and realize the characteristics of rotavirus infection of the newborn, in order to discover early and avoid diagnostic errors and avoid using the unwanted antibiotics, to prevent hospital infection diffusion of newborn nursery. Methods To analyze retrospectively 102 clinical data of the children who were smaller than one years old and in our hospital because of rotavirus infection from January, 2009 to January, 2012. They were divided into newborn group and infant group. We contrasted their temperatures and fever days and vomiting times and diarrhea times and base excess(BE) in blood gas analysis. Then, we would analyze the newborns who were in hospital because of "septicaemia?" and the newborns who were diagnosed bacteria infection severely at the corresponding time period, in order to contrast their white blood cell(WBC) and C reactive protein(CRP). Results Comparison of newborn group and infant group, The both group children had fever mostly, but the most newborns had low-grade fever and fever time were short, however, the most infants had high-grade fever and fever time were longer. The newborn's vomiting and diarrhea times were fewer than those of the infants, and the BE descending were not obvious. Comparison results of the two groups has statistical significance. Comparison of the newborn who were in hospital because of "septicaemia?" and the newborn who were diagnosed bacteria infection severely at the corresponding time period, At the initial stage of the disease, the comparison results of the WBC and CRP had no statistical significance, but after 24 hours, the newborn who were diagnosed bacteria infection severely had higher WBC and CRP, the comparison results had statistical significance, especially, the difference of CRP are notable. Conclusion The newborns who have rotavirus infection show low-grade and short-range fever, however, typical digestive symptom is light. Some newborns have weak spirit and bad appetite, skin bloom and bad distal circulation, so they often are in hospital because of "septicaemia?" and are diagnosed by mistake easily. The difference of the newborns who have rotavirus infection and the newborns who were diagnosed bacteria infection severely is that WBC and CRP do not raise up progressively after 24 hours of disease of rotavirus infection.

Clinical importance of glucose-regulated protein 78 and glucose-regulated protein 94 expression and its correlation with prognosis in gastric cancer

Wei Hua, Jing Hong, Wu Jiang, Zhang Donghang

2014, 35(4):  501-506.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.024

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Objective This study aimed to determine the correlation of glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78) and glucose-regulated protein 94(GRP94) expression with clinical features and its prognostic value in gastric cancer(GC). Methods Western blotting and immunohistochemistry(IHC) were used to estimate the GRP78 and GRP94 expression in GC and distal margin of resected GC tissues. The association of GRP78 and GRP94 protein expression with clinical features and GC prognosis was determined by Kaplan-Meier curves. Results GRP78 and GRP94 immunostaining dots located predominantly in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. Both GRP78 and GRP94 were positively correlated with differentiation, and negatively with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage(P<0.05). The mean survival time of GC patients with high and low expression of GRP78 and GRP94 were 23.51±2.32 and (37.54±3.24)months, 21.31±1.46 and (40.02±2.19)months, respectively, and the overall 5 year survival rate 21.23% and 41.42%, 20.73% and 43.86%, respectively(log-rank test, P<0.01). TNM stage and GRP78 and GRP94 were independent prognostic factors of GC. Conclusion High protein expression of GRP78 and GRP94 may correlate with poor prognosis of GC.

Progress in T follicular helper cells and their related immune disease studies

Liu Yan, Wan Suigui

2014, 35(4):  507-510.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.025

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T follicular helper cells(Tfh cells) are newly defined as a new subset of CD4⁺ T cells, which are responsible for assisting B cells to produce antibodies. And its main function is to contribute to the activation, proliferation and differentiation of B cells, and then form germinal centers. The major function molecules of Tfh cells such as C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5(CXCR5), inducible co-stimulator(ICOS), interleukin 21(IL-21) and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6(Bcl-6), are involved in the differentiation of Tfh cells. The number of Tfh cells and the abnormalities of its functional molecules are associated with autoimmune diseases which are mediated by a variety of autoantibodies.

Progress in potential candidate serum biomarker of drug-induced liver injury

Liu Xiaona, Liu Mifeng, Jia Li, Peng Shuangqing

2014, 35(4):  511-515.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.026

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In the recent years, the research about biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury is a rapid development area in drugs' preclinical safety evaluation and assessment. During the process of taking drugs, the organism received toxicities of drugs and/or its metabolites, or anaphylaxis to lead to liver injury. The traditional biomarkers for assessing liver injury is based primarily on the detection of hepatic enzymes in blood, such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphate(ALP) et al. However, elevation of blood hepatic enzymes has limitations in specificity and sensitivity. Recently, there are many results about the candidate serum biomarkers of liver injury have been reported, such as miRNA-122, α-glutathione-S-transferase(α-GST), paraoxonase(PON-1), purine nucleoside phosphorylase(PNP), malate dehydrogenase(MDH), thiostatin et al. This review was designed to assess the value of potential biomarkers for improving the detection of liver injury.

Sphincter of Oddi manometry

Zhao Jiajia, Wang Yongjun

2014, 35(4):  516-520.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2014.04.027

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Using the sphincter of oddi manometry(SOM) we can directly evaluate function of sphincter. SOM which is considered the golden standard diagnostic modality for sphincter of oddi dysfunction(SOD) can stratify therapy. However it has not been generally used in medicine because SOM as a invasive assessment is associated with post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) pancreatitis risks. Moreover,SOM needs experienced skills in endoscope and cannulation.Some research is mainly performed by improving the duct structure, type, defining indications SOM, carefully selecting patients to reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatitis. This section reviews technique, efficacy, safety, accuracy,complication associated with sphincter of Oddi manometry. The clinical application of SOM in diagnosis of biliopancreatic diseases will be discussed.