Abstract: Objective To analyze the side effects and complication of low-risk prostate cancer after ¹²⁵I seeds prostate implant. Methods A total of 30 prostate cancer patients with age ranging from 65 to 85 years[average age of (78.1±5.30) years] were recruited. All patients were treated between January 2007 and June 2015. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) level of these patients was 4.15-9.8 ng/mL[average (8.25±1.04) ng/mL], and the Gleasons Score was 5-7. All patients were clinically staged as T_1c-T_2aN₀M₀; 30 cases with prostate volume of 38-55 mL, an average of (49.1±3.92) mL. Under continual epidural anesthesia, these patients underwent trans-rectal ultrasound. Pictures were transmitted to the computer system to make plan. According to the plan, patient received ¹²⁵I seed brachytherapy under the guidance of the trans-rectal ultrasound. Results All 30 cases were implanted seeds of 45-70 (average seeds of 52.6±6.77). The follow-up period was 12-86 months, with average of (40.4±7.01) months. The urinary side effects of gradeⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ were 66.67% and 20% and 6.67% and 0 one month after seeds implant. By conservative treatment, the urinary side effects of gradeⅠand Ⅱwere 10% and 3.33% 12 months after seeds implant. No grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ side effects were found. Symptom remission rate was 85.71%. Conclusion Urinary side effects are common after prostate brachytherapy but are mostly self-limiting in the majority of patients, such side effects resolve within a year after the procedure. Serious complications of grade Ⅳ are rare. Intraoperative accurate localization and making plan and implantation are the key to the prevention of serious complications.

Key words: prostate cancer, ¹²⁵I seed, brachytherapy, complication