Table of Content

24 April 2006, Volume 27 Issue 2

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专题报道

High Frequency CTL Responses in HIV-1-Infected Chinese Plasma Donors

Zhao Chunhui;Xu Keyi;Chen Xinyue;Wu Hao;Yan Huiping;Zhang Yonghong;Lun Wenhui;Xu Xiaoning;Andrew McMichael;Sarah Rowland-Jones;Dong Tao

2006, 27(2):  143-146. 

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Objective To study the magnitude and breadth of HIV specific T cell responses in 8 HIV infected long-term nonprogressors(LTNPs) and slow progressors(SP) who received contaminated blood.Methods PBMCs were tested in an Elispot assay against a matrix of peptides(15 mers overlapping by 11 amino acids) representing the full proteome of HIV clade B virus.The peptides were presented as 3 dimensional matrixes such that each peptide appears in 3 unique wells enabling the epitope to be identified.Results We found broad T cell responses in most donors,although in one individual,a strong response against only gag protein was observed and T cells responses to pol,gag and nef were more dominate than the others.Conclusion High frequency and broad HIV specific T cells detected in Chinese HIV infected LTNP and SP individuals are very likely associated with the control of the disease progression in those individuals.

New Progress on Antiviral Theory and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B

Wang Juntao

2006, 27(2):  147-149. 

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The infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) is a serious problem in public health.Every year,there are about one million patients died of liver function failure,hepatocirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer(HCC),which are caused by HBV infection.There are more than one hundred and twenty million people who are infected with HBV in our country while the treatment effects are not satisfied so far.No more than half of the patients can be treated with certain effects and in half of them,whatever antiviral drugs they are treated with,the disease progression cannot be controlled and develop to hepatocirrhosis or even HCC.Many factors that may affect the treatment effects such as virology immunology and new drugs are to be solved.So,we should strengthen the basic,pharmaceutical and clinical innovation research,and we should heavy responsibilities in terms of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B.

Expression of BPI_m23-Fcγ1 Recombinant Bactericidal Protein in CHO Cell and Primary Study of Its Effect on Drug Resistance Bacteria

Jing Xuefang;Lü Zhe;Li Chen;Liu Zhenlong;Sun Mingjie;Gao Yan;An Yunqing

2006, 27(2):  150-154. 

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Objective To express functional BPI_m23-Fcγ1 recombinant bactericidal protein in CHO cells and observe its antibacterial function to drug resistant G^- bacteria usually found in clinical infection.Methods CHO-K1 cells were transfected by pSNAV-signal-syn BPI_m600-Fcγ1₇₀₀ expression vector,positive cell clones which high-expressed BPI_m23-Fcγ1 were selected with Dot blot and cultured in PF-CHO medium to express functional BPI_m23-Fcγ1 recombinant protein.The recombinant bactericidal protein was separated and purified with cation exchange resin(SP sepharose),and detected by Western blot and ELISA.The antibiotic function of BPI_m23-Fcγ1 protein to drug resistant bacteria,such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli were tested by MIC drug sensitivity test.Results Positive cell clones which high-expressed BPI_m23-Fcγ1 obtained,The expressed quantity of BPI_m23-Fcγ1 protein was about 25⁵0 mg/L.It was proven that this protein was BPI_m23-Fcγ1 recombinant protein by Western blot and ELISA.The protein has the same antibiotic function to Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli(drug resistant/sensitive strains).Conclusion Functional BPI_m23-Fcγ1 recombinant protein is obtained in high amount,it can inhibit and kill drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli effectively at concentration of 0.4 mg/L.

Construction of Partial Adult cDNA Plasmid Library from Trichinella spiralis

Yang Jing;Yang Yaping;Wei Junfei;Wang Shaohua;Huang Song;Zhu Xinping

2006, 27(2):  155-157. 

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Objective To find out more effective vaccine candidate antigen against the Trichinella spiralis,and to construct the adult cDNA plasmid library of T.spiralis.Methods The cDNA fragments were amplified using adult cDNA plasmid library as the template by PCR and then the fragments digested with BamHⅠand HindⅢ to the size of 500～1500 bp were cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1.The inserted DNA fragments in the recombinants were identified by digestion with restriction enzyme.Results The partial adult cDNA plasmid library of T.spiralis,with 10⁵ transformants,was constructed.Most of the recombinants contained the insert DNA fragments.Conclusion A partial adult cDNA plasmid library of T.spiralis is constructed successfully.

Study on the Expression Conditions of Ts87 Antigenic Gene from Trichinella spiralis in Pichia pastoris

Wei Junfei;Gu Yuan;Wang Shaohua;Yang Jing;Huang Song;Zhu Xinping

2006, 27(2):  158-161. 

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Objective To increase yield expression of Ts87 gene was optimized in P.pastoris from the aspects,such as vector construction,to obtain multicopy transformants and inductive conditions.Methods Signal sequences of Ts87 gene was deleted and the recombinant vector was constructed with nature N end,then used X-33 host cell dealt with LiCl before electroporation to get a appropriate conditions from cell densities,methanol concentration,pH and induction time,etc.The expression product was analyzed by Western blotting.Results The efficiency of electroporation increased by the method which prepared host cell with LiCl and the appropriate inductive conditions were OD_{600 nm}=1.0,1.0%/24 h methanol added,pH=7.0 or 8.0,72 h.The expression protein was detected as positive reaction with infected rabbit sera when tested directly with 30 μL supernatant.Conclusion The appropriate condition for Ts87 gene in P.pastoris expression system is obtained.

Cloning and Expression of Heparin-binding Haemagglutinin Adhesin of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Its Immungenicity

Li Chuanyou;Zhang Xuxia;Zhang Jianyuan;Li Weimin;Tian Miao;Qiu Yunqing;Sun Zhaogang;Li Yan;Duanmu Hongjin

2006, 27(2):  162-165. 

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Objective To clone and express hbhA gene of M.tuberculosis,and observe production of anti-HBHA antibody and its immunogenicity from mouse serum.Methods 1) The hbhA coding gene of M.tuberculosis were amplified by PCR method.2) hbhA gene was cloned into E.coli for expression of specific protein.3) HBHA was injected into mouse and observed production of anti-HBHA antibody by ELISA method.Results 1) The hbhA gene of M.tuberculosis could be cloned into PET-32a(+) expression vector,and got a high expression.2) The recombinant HBHA increased antibody titer more than 1000000 times of immunized mouse compared with control group.Conclusion HBHA of M.tuberculosis has good immunogenicity.

Study on the Efficacy and Related Factors of Antiviral Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B

Chen Xinyue;Yu Yanyan;Zhang Wenjin;Xu Daozhen;Ma Lina;Huang Yunli;Shen Chengli;Si Chongwen

2006, 27(2):  166-170. 

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Objective To investigate the efficacy and related influence factors and side effects of different antiviral drugs.Methods Retrospective study was performed,10489 patients who were diagnosed chronic hepatitis B in the following hospitals(Beijing You'an Hospital,the First Hospital,Beijing University,The No.302 Hospital of the People Liberation Army and Beijing Ditan Hospital) and treated with antiviral drugs from 1995 to 2002,were followed.Antiviral efficacy of the four drugs and related factors were compared.Results 1) Forty percent of the patients were treated with antiviral drugs,which were higher than other regions in China.2) Of all the four drugs,interferon and lamivudine had better efficacy than the other drugs.Lamivudine can suppress HBV DNA effectively,but after stoping treatment,the HBV DNA level rebounded.The serum conversion rate of HBeAg/HbeAb was very low(13.3%).Interferon group was much better(22.9%) and lasted for long time although the side effects were more than other groups.3) Statistics showed that the patients with the high ALT and low HBV DNA level before treatment had better response to antiviral treatment.4) Most of the patients and doctors recognized the side effects,but glucose,hypothyroid function,auto-antibodies were not tested in about half of the patients.Conclusion Because of the limited effects of single antiviral drugs,it is very necessary to carry out prospective research to investigate more effective antiviral methods and the predicted factors to improve the prognosis of hepatitis.At the same time,we should pay much alternation to the side effects to ensure the treatment safety.

Development of the Multiplex PCR to Detect the Invasion Associated Genes of Shigella

Wen Yan;Yin Chenghong;Huang Minjun;Li Shaogang;Li Wei;Wang Fei

2006, 27(2):  171-175. 

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Objective To establish a speed convenient and susceptive diagnosed method by detecting the invasion associated genes of shigella.Methods PCR and multiplex PCR was used to detect the pathogenic genes,ipaH and ial with the same time at one PCR reaction.Amplified DNA products of interest were sequenced,then the resulting was analyzed by use of the BLAST suite of programs.The sequences identified in the present databases available over the Internet were subsequently aligned.Results All 40 isolates from diarrhea stools were 14 positive for both ipaH and ial.Comparing with the routine methods the positive rate of the multiplex-PCR is high more than 4 times.Conclusion The method of PCR to detect the invasion associated genes of shigella is simple,special,sensitive,quickly and saving time.This new method can be widely used to clinic.

Experimental Study on Artificial Liver for Pigs with Acute Hepatic Failure:Plasma Exchange and Hemofiltration

Li Yaming;Duan Zhongping

2006, 27(2):  175-178. 

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combined nonbioartificial liver(plasma exchange plus hemofiltration)for large animal model of acute hepatic failure induced by D-galactosamine.Methods 12 pigs were divided into two groups at random: control group(n=6) and treatment group(n=6).All of the animals were induced acute hepatic failure with adminis-tration of D-galactosamine firstly.24 h and 48 h later the animals in the treatment group were treated with plasma exchange(PE) combined with hemofiltration(HF) twice.Efficacy was assessed by comparing the survival time,improvement in manifestation,biochemical and pathological parameters.Results The treatment group's mean survival time was(112.5±14.7)h,which was much longer than that in the control group(67.9±9.4)h(P<0.01).There were significant differences for serum bilirubin,aminotransferase,ammonia,prothrombin time and histological manifestation between the two groups at the same time.Conclusion Combined nonbioartificial liver(PE plus HF) is effective for acute hepatic failure,and may be as a good bridging measure for liver transplantation and other methods.

Analysis of Antibiotic Application in Surgical Patients in Beijing Friendship Hospital in 2000 and 2004

Zheng Xiaoyan;Yin Chenghong;Deng Mingzhuo;Wang Chao;Wen Yan;Zhang Shuwen

2006, 27(2):  179-182. 

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Objective This study was performed to investigate the status and exiting problem of antibiotic use in surgical patients in Beijing Friendship Hospital and provide reference for safe,rational and effective in antibiotic use clinic.Methods The data of surgical patients(n=178) in 2000 and surgical patients(n=172) in 2004 were collected randomly and analyzed retrospec-tively.Results Of the selected patients in 2000 and 2004,100% were receiving antibiotics.The rate of rational antibiotic use was 65.7% and 46.5% respectively.The purpose of antibiotic use was for simple prophylaxis in 43.8% and 43.6%,for both treatment and prophylaxis in 56.2% and 56.4% respectively.The empiric use of antinations composed 100% and 98.3% respectively.In 56.5% and 44.4%,36.6% and 50.0%,6.9% and 4.4%,0 and 1.1% of the users,a single,two,three and four or more agents were used in combinations,respectively.Conclusion There is unrational antibiotic usage in clinical practice in our hospital,and the clinicians should pay attention to it.

Genetic Polymorphisms of the MxA Promoter-88 Site and Response to Interferon Treatment in Hepatitis B Patients

Huang Yanxiang;Chen Xinyue;Li Zhuo;Liu Linhua;Chen Jie

2006, 27(2):  183-186. 

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Objective To identify the host single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) of the MxA promoter 88 site and predict interferon response in hepatitis B patients.Methods 262 chronic hepatitis B patients were treated with α-IFN for 1 year.Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MxA promoter-88 site were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) and were compared with the responsiveness of hepatitis B patients to IFN.Results 212 cases were no sustained response(NSR);50 with sustained response(SR).The SNP of MxA promoter-88 was found having a significant difference in the genotypic frequency distribution between SR and NSR patients.The rate of GT heterozygote was 50.0% in SR and 17.5% in NSR,P<0.01.Conclusion Patients with GT genotype at MxA promoter-88 responds well to IFN treatment.

A Study on Risk Factors Related to Intracommunity Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in North China

Wang Quanyi;He Xiong;Dou Xiangfeng;Shen Zhuang;He Jinkai;Wu Bingren;Li Xinyu;Ning Fang;Wu Jiang

2006, 27(2):  187-189. 

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Objective To examine risk factors associated with community transmission of SARS in north China.Method A matched case-control study was conducted in spring 2004.Forty-eight SARS probable cases who had transmitted SARS-CoV to contacts in communities in Beijing,Taiyuan and Inner Mongolia during the 2003 SARS outbreak were recruited as cases group,and 48 SARS probable cases who had not transmitted SARS-CoV to contacts in communities,matched by gender and age,were selected as control group.All data were analyzed using SAS.Results Three factors entered into the Logistic Regression Model in this study.Days stayed in community after onset of SARS and the number of close contacts in community were independent risk factors associated with community transmission of SARS.Wearing a mask was a protective factor,and SARS cases who had not weared masks were 5.53(1.55～19.79) times more likely to transmit SARS-CoV to contacts in communities.Conclusion SARS cases should be admitted to hospitals for isolation and treatment as soon as possible,protective measures should be taken to prevent contacts from SARS-CoV infection in communities before the SARS cases were admitted to hospitals.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Complicated with Tuberculosis

Liang Lianchun;Wang Jingquan;Guo Caiping;Wu Hao

2006, 27(2):  190-193. 

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Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients complicated with tuberculosis.Methods 55 cases suffered from AIDS complicated with tuberculosis from 1995 to 2005 were analyzed.Results The most common manifestations were fever(55 cases,100%),cough(34 cases,61.8%),night sweat(29 cases,52.7%),weight loss(28,50.9%),dyspnea(13,23.6%),chest pain(11,20%).Main clinical types of tuberculosis were tuberculous pleuritis(3 cases),lung tuberculosis(8 cases),lymphadenopathy(12 cases),25 case of disseminated tuberculosis and 7 cases of other type tuberculosis.Radiographic features: focal exudation changes in median and lower lobes,adenopathyly,pleuritis,miliary pattern or nodules.Laboratory test:CD⁺₄ T cell counts were between 0.002×10⁹～0.164×10⁹/L,Mean(0.049±0.043)×10⁹/L.In the group of 23 without anti-tuberculosis combined with high active antiretrovirus therapy therapy.12 patients died from tuberculosis 2 years later.On the contrary,5 patients died from tuberculosis among 27 cases treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy combined with high active antiretrovirus therapy.Conclusion AIDS patients complicated with tuberculosis have more disseminated tuberculosis.Their clinical manifestations and imagings are diversified,complex and difficult to diagnose.It can short course of the disease and improve prognosis of AIDS patients complicated with tuberculosis while being treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy and combined with highly active antiretrovira therapy in time.

Clinical Analysis AIDS-associated Penicillium Marniffei in 4 Cases

Liang Lianchun;Zhang Yindi;Wu Hao

2006, 27(2):  194-197. 

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Objective To improve the understanding of AIDS-associated Penicilliosis marneffei(PSM).Methods Study the clinical data and imaging feature of four cases with PSM infection in patients with AIDS in Beijing You'an hospital.Results Four patients presented with prolonged fever,cough,lymphaden hypertrophy,abdominal pain,diarrhea,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly and popular skin lesion.CD₄ cell count was reduced significantly.Two cases chest X-ray showed interstitial or alveolar pneumonia,Abdominal CT showed multiple abcess in peritoneal cavity and organs.Chest CT showed the patchy or consolidation,military nodules in the lung,lymphadenhy pertrophy in hilar and mediastasis.Fungus cultured:yeast-like cells were found in the culture at 37℃ or in tissues.The fungi outside the host cells were elongated,often curved,Sausage-like and with clear cemral septate.When cultured at 25℃,the produced a characteristic red Pigment,diffusing into the medium.Conclusion PSM infection in patients with AIDS has not specific clinical manifestation.Clinical doctors should consider the possibility of PSM when the patients have the above mentioned symptoms.Culture and pathological examination should be taken as soon as possible.It is important for the successful management and treatment of AIDS-associated PSM to make diagnosis rapidly and accurately.

HIV-Associated Pathogenesis: The Role of HIV-1 Nef Gene

Xiaoning Xu;Hao Wu

2006, 27(2):  198-202. 

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Since the discovery of HIV more than two decades ago,scientific progress has been impressive and has dramatically advanced our understanding of HIV infection,from molecular through cellular and then on to systemic pathogenesis,such as the functions of HIV-1 nef gene.However,there is still much to be learned before we fully understand how the host interacts with the virus at molecular level and how immune responses correlate with protection from disease.This review describes our current knowledge of HIV/AIDS with the reference of HIV nef functions and its role in HIV-1 mediated pathogenesis.

基础研究

Determination and Pharmacokinetics of Phencynonate in Rat

Kou Yuying;Xu Yanxia;Li Xiaorong;Ruan Jinxiu;Zhang Zhenqing;Liu Keliang;Xue Ming

2006, 27(2):  203-205. 

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Objective Quantification and pharmacokinetics of phencynonate were investigated in rat by the method of high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with electro spray ionization mass spectrometry detection(LC-ESI-MS).Methods The chromatography was on BetaBasic-18 column(150mm×2.1mm id,3μm).Mass spectrometric measurements were performed on ion-trap mass spectrometer equipped with ESI source working in positive ion mode.Results The linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 1～100μg/L in rat blood.The lower limit of quantification was at 1μg/L in blood.Extraction recoveries were in the range of 69.6%～79.1%.The concentration-time curves in rats were all best fitted to first order Absorption two-compartments open model after a single dose phencynonate(0.35mg/kg) intramuscularly.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of phencynonate were as follows:t_1/2α 0.679h,t_1/2β 3.98h,t_1/2Ka 0.013h,t_max 0.076h,C_max 54.1μg/L,AUC 77.7(ng·h)/mL.Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive and specific.It is successfully applied for quantification of phencynonate and for the clinic drug monitoring and the pharmacokinetic studies.

Recombination and Expression of Chromogranin B Fusion Protein in E. Coli

You Hongjie;Wu Xiaotao;Pan Ying;Wang Zesheng

2006, 27(2):  206-209. 

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Objective To construct the prokaryotic expression vector for mouse chromogranin B gene.Methods Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was performed on the total RNA extracted from the mouse brain to obtain the cDNA of chromogranin B.The cDNA fragment of CgB was inserted into pMD-T vector.DNA sequencing was performed before the amplified products were cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX identified by endonuclease digestion.The amplified products were confirmed as the cDNA of chromogranin B by DNA sequencing.The chromogranin B fusion protein expressed in E.coli was identified by Western Blot.Results There was only one obvious band at the position of relative molecular weight 140,and it was equivalent to the expected value.Conclusion The recombinant fusion expression vector pGEX is constructed,and chromogranin B fusion protein gene is expressed in E.coli successfully.

Taqman Fluorescence Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Good Method for Housekeeping Gene GAPDH Quantification

Wang Ping;Cong Min;Li Yimei;Tang Shuzhen;Liu Xiaoming;Wang Baoen;Jia Jidong;You Hong

2006, 27(2):  210-213. 

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Objective In order to find out the best method for GAPDH quantification,the levels of housekeeping gene GAPDH mRNA were detected by Taqman fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR),SYBR Green I FQ-PCR and conventional PCR,respectively.Methods GAPDH plasmids were constructed by Blue-White Clone method and checked by PCR and EcoR I.One of the correct clones was selected for isolating a large amount of plasmids.The selected plasmids were then 10-fold diluted and served as standard.Standard curves were prepared using the data from Taqman FQ-PCR,SYBR Green I FQ-PCR and conventional PCR,respectively.The sensitivity and linear range of the three methods were then analyzed.Results The detectable thresholds for Taqman FQ-PCR,SYBR Green I FQ-PCR and conventional PCR were 2.0×10⁴,2.0×10⁷ and 2.0×10⁶ DNA copies,respectively.The linear range for these three methods were 2.0×10⁴～2.0×10¹⁰ copies,2.0×10⁷～2.0×10¹⁰ copies and 2.0×10⁷～2.0×10⁹ DNA copies,respectively.Conclusion Taqman FQ-PCR is a better method for quantifying housekeeping gene GAPDH mRNA than SYBR Green I FQ-PCR and conventional PCR.

临床研究

An Echocardiographic Study of Sixty Patients with Acromegaly

Li Qun;Wang Jie;Xu Xiuying;Li Jihong

2006, 27(2):  214-217. 

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Objective To investigate the alterations of cardiac structure and function in acromegalic patients by using echocardiography.Methods Sixty patients,diagnosed as acromegaly,were selected as research subjects.Thirty-four sex and age matched normal individuals were used as control.Patients and control groups underwent echocardiography.Besides,among the sixty patients,seventeen patients suffered from diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance,and were denoted as subgroup cases.The results of both were analysed.Results 1)Left ventricular mass(LVM) and LVM index(LVMi) were higher in patients with acromegaly than in control subjects,reaching values of left ventricular hypertrophy(46.7%).The patient group also showed apparent cardiac chambers enlargement.Through the multiple stepwise regression analysis,the duration of the disease and serum GH level were the main influencing factors of acromegalic cardiomyopathy.2) Ejection fraction(EF) and fractional shortening(FS),were decreased,compared to control group,they still remained in normal range.3) Isovolumic relaxation time(IRT)and E wave descending time(MDT),were delayed apparently compared to control group,indicating the damage of cardiac relaxation.4)Subgroup analysis in acromegalic: The comparison between patients with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance(DM/IGT) and patients without DM/IGT showed that there was no significant difference in terms of the parameters in the two groups,in spite of an mild increase of IVST in the former group.ConclusionThe echocardiographic alterations of cardiac structure mainly were LV hypertrophy and the increase of the LVM,the enlargement of the cardiac cambers.Changes of cardiac function mainly were the impairment of diastolic function.However,the systolic function still remained in normal range for a long time.

Investigation and Analysis of Arterial Stiffness and Compliance in Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemia

Wen Jing;Hua Qi;Tan Jing;Liu Rongkun;Yang Zheng

2006, 27(2):  218-221. 

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Objective To investigate arterial stiffness and compliance in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and explore the alterations of arterial stiffness and compliance and the clinical factors which influence these alterations when in combination with hypertension and type 2 diabetes.Methods 82 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia were divided into three subgroups,isolated hypercholesterolemia group(subgroup 1,(n=)25),complicated with hypertension group(subgroup 2,(n=)43),complicated with hypertension and type 2 diabetes group(subgroup3,n=14);46 subjects were enrolled as control group(n=46).Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(PWV) was measured by a validated automatic device as an index of arterial stiffness,ratio of stroke volume(SV) measured by ultrasound to pulse pressure(PP)(SV/PP) as an index of total arterial compliance.Results Compared with the control group,PWV in hypercholesterolemia group was increased significantly [((10.58±)1.55),((8.96±)1.01)] m/s(P<0.05) and SV/PP decreased significantly [(1.71±0.67),(2.06±0.73)] mL/mmHg(P<0.05);PWV was different significantly between two subgroups respectively,with the increasing number of risk factors,the differences were augmented,SV/PP also had significant difference between subgroup1 and subgroup3(P<0.05);Analysis of correlation and multiple stepwise regression: PWV was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure(SBP),age and fasting blood sugar(FBS),its multiple linear regression equation was: PWV=1.98+0.055(Age)+0.024(SBP)+0.023(FBS);SV/PP was negatively correlated with pulse pressure(SBP) and HDL-C,its equation was SV/PP=5.178-0.020(SBP)-0.016(HDL-C).Conclusion PWV was increased and SV/PP decreased significantly in hypercholesterolemia patients;With the number of risk factors increasing,such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes,the alterations were augmented;PWV seems to be a sensitive index for early vascular function alteration;SBP,FBS,HDL-C were closely related to the alterations of arterial stiffness and compliance.

Comparison Antihypertensive Efficacies between Beijing Hypotensive No. 0 and Hydrochlorothiazide with Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring

Tan Jing;Hua Qi;Liu Rongkun;Yang Zheng

2006, 27(2):  222-225. 

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Objective To compare the antihypertensive efficacies between of Beijing hypotensive No.0 and hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.Methods 57 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were divided into two groups randomly.These patients were treated with Beijing hypotensive No.0 or HCTZ for 8 weeks.Clinic blood pressure(CBP),240h ambulatory blood pressure,heart rate and correlative serum biochemics were examined before and after 8 weeks' treatment.Results After treatment,clinic blood pressure and 240h ambulatory blood pressure decreased significantly compared with baseline in two groups.No significant difference was found in heart rate.DBP decreased more in Beijing hypotensive No.0 group than HCTZ group(P≤0.01).The total efficacy rates were 79.3% and 42.9% respectively in Beijing hypotensive No.0 group and HCTZ group(P=0.005).The trough to peak ratios for SBP and DBP were 60.59% and 78.13%,and smoothness index were 0.72±0.27 and 1.09±0.26 respectively in Beijing hypotensive No.0 group,while those of HCTZ were 39.76% and 30.79%,and smoothness index were 0.59±0.29 and 0.40±0.26 respectively.The adverse reactions in two groups were mild.Conclusion Beijing hypotensive No.0 is an efficacy and safe compound antihypertensive drug,which has better antihypertensive effects than that of HCTZ monotherapy.

The Relationship of T786C Polymorphism of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene to Essential Hypertension

Li Dongbao;Hua Qi;Pi Lin

2006, 27(2):  226-229. 

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Objective To investigate the relationship of the T786C polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) gene to essential hypertension(EH) in Chinese population.Methods Polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme digestion was used to detect the polymorphism of eNOS gene in 167 normotensive subjects controls and 267 hypertensive patients;Fasting serum nitric oxide metabolite(NOx) and Endothelin(ET) were measured by nitrate reductase and radioimmunoassay respectively.Results 1) The frequencies of C allele and CC+CT genotype in EH were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.01);2) The level of NOx and the rate of NOx/ET were higher in TT genotype [(77.68±33.36)μmol/L,1.41±1.28] than those in CT+CC genotype [(67.15±24.22)μmol/L,0.93±0.51] of EH.The level of ET were lower in TT genotype [(68.70±29.04)ng/L] than in CT+CC genotype [(78.23±31.17)ng/L] of EH.Conclusion It is suggested that the T786C pollymorphism of eNOS gene is reltated to EH in Chinese population.C allele may be involved in the etiology of EH by reducing NO release of endothelium.

Comparison of Clinical Efficacies in Carvedilol, Bisoprolol and Conventional Therapies for Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Chen Jin;Zhang Lin;Yang Xinchun;Wu Yafeng;Li Jing;Li Yanhui

2006, 27(2):  229-232. 

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Objective To compare the efficacies of carvedilol,bisoprolol and conventional therapies for patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods we assigned 92 patients with CHF to three groups,one was conventional therapies group(n=20) treated with ACE inhibitor+digoxin+diuretic,the other two groups were carvedilol group(n=34) and bisoprolol group((n=)38) treated respectively with carvedilol or bisoprolol in addition to the above regular treatment.All the patients were followed up for six months and measured respectively the changes of heart rate,blood pressure,6 minutes walking distance and cardiac function by echocardiography.Results 1) After treatment,the heart rate,blood pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption of the patients in the carvedilol group and bisoprolol group all decreased significantly compared with those of conventional group.In the meantime 6 minutes walking distance increased,but no significantly.2) After treatment,LVEDD and LVESD were smaller in the carvedilol group and bisoprolol group than those in conventional group,and LVEF was higher than that in conventional group.LVESD was smaller in the carvedilol group than that in the bisoprolol group.Conclusion Carvedilol and bisoprolol can further reverse the remodelling of left ventricle and improve cardiac function through their β₁ receptors blocking function.The clinical efficacies of Carvedilol and bisoprolol were similar.

CD7 Expression and its Significance in the Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Adult Acute Myelocytic Leukemia

Li Yaohua;Xu Juan;Sun Xuejing;Liu Congyan;Wan Suigui

2006, 27(2):  233-236. 

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Objective To observe the expressions of CD7 in adult acute myelocytic leukemia(AML) and further establish a flow cytometric method for minimal residual disease(MRD) detection.Methods 112 adult patients with AML enrolled in this study.The four-color flow cytometry was used to analyze the characteristics of AML phenotypes.The three or four color fluorochrome labeled monoclonal antibody combinations of CD7 with other myeloid markers,such as CD13,CD33 or CD117,were used to detect MRD.Results 34 of 112 adult patients with CD7⁺ AML were investigated;they were classified into the following subgroups according to French-American-British(FAB) classification: 1 case M₁,26 cases M₂,2 cases M₃ and 5 cases M₄/M₅.Leukemia cells from all the patients were negative for cytoplasmic CD3 and CD79a.There was no difference between CD7⁺ and CD7^- AML patients in terms of sex and age.A strong correlation between CD7 and CD34 expression was also observed and 91.2% CD7⁺ AML cases co-expressed the CD34 antigen.In the MRD detection of CD7⁺ AML,CD7,combined with other myeloid markers,could effectively distinguish normal cells from leukemia cells in the dual-parameter dot plots.Conclusion CD7 expression could be detected in all the FAB subtypes of adult AML and the total positive percentage was 30.4%.The strong correlation between CD7 and CD34 expression suggested the CD7⁺ AML might be derived from a more immature malignant clone.The combination of CD7 and other myeloid markers could be applied to monitor the MRD and significantly improve the detection sensitivity in adult AML.

Clinical Trial on Treatment of Acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infection with Oral Gatifloxacin Once Daily in Community

Zhang Yongli;Dang Binwen

2006, 27(2):  236-238. 

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin in the treatment of acquired lower respiratory tract infection in community.Methods A prospective,non-comparator control,open-label drug clinical trial of phase Ⅳ was conducted.The dosage of gatifloxacin was 4000mg,once daily orally.The duration of treatment was 7～14 d.Results Totally 36 cases with community acquired lower respiratory tract infection were enrolled in Beijing Tiantan hospital from February 2004 to February 2005.34 patients were assessable for safety and 31 patients assessable for efficacy.The mean age of the patients was 44.8 years old(23～69 years).There were 18 patients with pneumonia and 13 patients with chronic bronchitis.The results showed that the overall efficacy rate was 93.5%,whereas the bacterial clearance rate was 100%.The rate of adverse drug reaction was 11.8%.Conclusion It is both effective and safe with oral gatifloxacin once daily to treat community acquired lower respiratory tract infection.

The Changes of Arterial Carboxyhemoglobin Concentrations in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Geng Ming

2006, 27(2):  239-240. 

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Objective Arterial blood carboxyhemoglobin concentrations(Hb-CO) increase in acute inflammatory pulmonary diseases.To investigate whether arterial Hb-CO is useful to monitoring disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) who have history of smoking.Methods We measured arterial Hb-CO,arteriovenous Hb-CO differences in 32 patients who smoking history with COPD and 20 non-smoking subjects.To analyze the changes of arterial blood carboxyhemoglobin concentrations,and study the relationship of that changes to patients' stages.Results Arterial Hb-CO concentrations increased in acute stage of patients with COPD(P<0.01),it was higher in subjects who had smoking history than that without smoking(P<0.01).Conclusion These findings suggest that the increased arterial Hb-CO may relate to severity in patients with COPD because of lung and systemic inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species.

Designing the Needles Threaded and Clinical Application by External Fixator for the Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fractures

Liu Limin;Gao Zhihua;Wang Wei

2006, 27(2):  241-244. 

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Objective To evaluate the results of the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur with external fixation in 56 patients with an average age of 66.3 from 1996 to 2004,to find out the best surgical pattern and define the indication of external fixation for intertrochanteric fractures.Methods Closed reductions were performed with 3 Steinman's pins inserted into the head and neck of femur by simulating the orientation of bone trabecula and 2 semi-spiral pins into the proximal femur to make an irregular quadrangle.Results All patients except one in the study had Evans unstable type Ⅲ,Ⅳ intertrochanteric fractures.The average follow-up period in 40 patients was 17.7 months(ranging from 6 to 36 months)and the time for fracture union was 12.3 weeks(ranging from 7 to16 weeks).48 cases could be reduced to anatomical,8 cases to nearly anatomical position by closed manipulation under fluoroscopy.No case was dead in hospital.6 out of 40 patients died in following-up period,and one patient died after six months following the surgery.No uncontrolled deep pin-tract infection,no broken pin?falling off pin?head cutout or secondary varus malalignment occurred in these cases.Conclusion Compared with conservative or internal fixation treatment,it has such advantages as minimal surgical trauma,less bleeding,no need for transfusion,short operation time and simple manipulation;Crossed pins inserted into the head and neck overcome the shortages of local force fixation with one pin in internal fixation.Therefore,it extended the operation indications,and it is a valuable alternative in the treatment of high-risk geriatric patients,especially those unable to stand internal fixation.

Treatment of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis with Posterior Decompression, Spinal Fusion and RF Pedicle Screw Spinal System

Song Lei;Lin Xin

2006, 27(2):  245-247. 

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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of lumbar spondylolisthesis treated by laminectomy decompression,vertebral body fusion and RF-Ⅱ pedicle screw spinal system.Methods From February 1999 to December 2003,39 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis were enrolled in this study.According to Meyerding classification,roentgengram showed that there were 12 cases of gradeⅠ°,18 cases of gradeⅡ°,9 cases of grade Ⅲ°;22 cases of degenerative spondylolisthesis and 17 cases of spondylolysis.All patients were treated with decompression of total laminectomy and bilateral nerve canal,intertransverse process arthrodesis were managed by means of bone chip grafting,interbody fusion was done with RF-Ⅱ pedicle screw spinal system.Results All the patients were followed up over 6months.In the patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis,the amelioration of nerve function was 81.8% and 82.3% respectively;the improvement of spinal motion was 86.4% and 88.2% respectively;the allevioration of low back pain was 86.4% and 88.2% respectively;the allevioration of leg pain was 90.9% and 94.1% respectively;the mean reduction rate of degenerative spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis was 90.9% and 88.2% respectively.Complications occurred in six cases,in which three cases occurred during operation with the incidence of 7.7%,while the other three occurred after operation with the incidence of 7.7%.Conclusion RF pedicle screw spinal system provide fixation with satisfactory clinical results and relatively high fusion rate.

Clinical Analysis of 18 Cases of Rathke's Cleft Cysts in Children

Jin Qiang;Ma Zhenyu;Zhao Jizong

2006, 27(2):  248-250. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations of and treatment for surgery of Rathke cleft cysts in children.Methods The retrospective research is based on the analyses of 18 cases of Rathke cleft cysts in children between 1993 to 2003 in Tiantan hospital treated by microsurgery and diagnosed through pathological results.Results The main clinical manifestations included pituitary dysfunction,visual disturbance and headache.All the patients under went operations.Among them,16 cases were treated through frontal craniotomy.and 2 cases were treated by transsphenoidal microsurgery.Total resection occurred in 6 cases,subtotal resection in 12 cases.In the follow-up period from 5 months to 8 years,most of the symptoms in the patients were resolved or alleviated.No patient recurred.Conclusion It is difficult to establish the correct diagnosis of Rathke cleft cysts before operation in children.Imageological examinations were multiple and nonspecific. Microsurgery can prove the diagnosis,resolve the symptoms,and it is the effective way to treat the symptomatic Rathke's cleft cysts in children.

Laparoscope Common Bile Duct Exploration and Combined Usage of Laparoscope and Duodenoscope in the Treatment of Common Bile Duct Stone

Tong Xiaogang;Xu Dahua;Liu Jiafeng;Wang Jian;Sun Jiabang

2006, 27(2):  251-252. 

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Objective A retrospective review was undertaken to comparison the efficiency difference of laparoscope common bile duct exploration(LCBDE) and combined usage of laparoscope and duodenoscope in the treatment of common bile duct(CBC) stone.Methods 98 patients of CBC stone were treated totally during 2003 to 2005.16 of them were carried out LCBDE,82 patients were carried out endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancrealtography(ERCP) and endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) first,then laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Results LCBDE was successfully performed in all 16 cases,but 6 of 82 cases suffered complication in the combined usage of laparoscope and duodenoscope.Conclusion LCBDE combined usage of laparoscope and duodenoscope in the treatment of CBD are minimal traumatic operation with less complication.As the effective microhurt technique,the application of them will spread deservedly.

Retrospective Analysis on 46 Cases of Occult Lung Cancer with Single Metastasic Encephaloma

Zhou Hai;Zhou Nan;Xu Nini;Xu Bing

2006, 27(2):  253-254. 

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Objective To investigate the significance of chest CT examination in single metastasic encephaloma.Methods 46 cases chest X-ray and CT examinations of occult lung cancer with single metastatic encephaloma were analyzed retrospectively.Results All 46 cases had positive image results in CT,including 11 cases(23.9%) with apex pulmonis cancer,15 cases(32.6%) with postcardial?paravertebral and azygos vein fossa cancer;18 cases(39.1%) with retroastophrenic angle cancer,and 2 cases(4.4%) with peribrochial cancer.But only 12 cases(26.1%) had abnormal image manifestation in X-ray,and none of them was helpful for diagnosis-making.Conclusion Chest CT examinations is useful for diagnosis of occult lung cancer.For a patient who is highly suspected to have metastatic encephaloma,if the chest X-ray manifestation is negative,chest CT may be a useful examination for the diagnosis-making.

The Incidence of Adverse Effects of Propofol: A Prospective, Large Sample and Multi-center Epidemiological Study

Zhang Liyong;Wang Wei;Wang Baoguo

2006, 27(2):  255-257. 

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Objective To investigate the incidence of adverse effects of propofol in large samples and multi-center epidemiological study.Methods The patients without premedication were induced with propofol at 0.2 mL/s with peripheral venous injection.The pain evaluation was performed every 5～100s and restlessness and talkative were investigated until the patients losing consciousness.Results 10 680 questionnaires that recorded pain scale were received.The incidence of mild injection pain was 36.25%,moderate pain was(3.19)%,and severity pain was 0.66%.The total incidence of injection pain was 40.09%.The incidences of pain were not significantly different between male and female((P=0.124)),or between venous injection from upper limb and lower limb(P=0.468).7 815 questionnaires that surveyed restlessness and 7 192 questionnaires that surveyed talkative were received.The number of patients' occurrence restlessness and talkative were 716 and 168,respectively.The incidence of restlessness and talkative was 9.2% and(2.3)%,respectively.Conclusion Injection pain is the most common adverse.The incidence of injection pain of propofol 1% fresenius injection was 40.09%.Some measures should be taken to prevent the injection pain.

Interfacial Micromorphology of Total-etching Vers Self-etching System Created in Dentin

Shi Baojiang;Zhang Chen;Hou Benxiang

2006, 27(2):  257-260. 

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Objective To study the micromorphological characteristics of dentin bonding interface in 5 different self-etching systems and a total-etching system.Methods Extracted human molars were bonded with all kinds of adhesives according to the manufacturers' instructions,and a thin layer of composite applied.The teeth were sectioned parallel to the bonded surface to obtain a bonded dentin disc.All the ultrastructures of dentin bonding interface were observed with SEM.Results All teeth showed hybrid layer formation.However,the thickness varied depending on the adhesive systems and the total-etching(Prime & Bond NT) showed the thick hybrid layer whereas SE bonded to dentin exhibited the thinner hybrid layer.Moreover,in the teeth which were used total-etching,the composite did not penetrate to the depth of the zone of demineralized dentin,leaving a substantial area of exposed dentin matrix at the dentin/cement interface.In contrast,there was substantial composite diffusion throughout the demineralized dentin when the self-etching primer was used without acid etching pretreatment.Conclusion Good obturation appeared in self-etching groups.The resin tag was broken and the dentinal tubules were open in total-etching group,however.Postoperative sensitivity of SE is less than that of TE.

Clinical Analysis of 10 Cases with Pregnancy Accompanied with Encephalopathy

Xing Fengling;Feng Limin;Jia Xiaofang

2006, 27(2):  261-262. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,early diagnosis,preventive therapeutic methods,and the effects on maternal and infant health of encephalopathy during pregnancy.Methods The clinical manifestations of 10 cases with pregnancy accompanied with encephalopathy in Tiantan hospital from Jan.1990 to Mar.2005 were analysed retrospectively.(Results Pregnancy) could accelerate the growth or rupture of cerebroma and encephalic angioma.Craniotomy was necessary as soon as possible.Caesarean section was the suitable delivery modus.We focused in prevention and treatment of post-eclampsia cerebral infarction.The cases of epilepsy during pregnancy should take medicine properly according to pathogenetic condition.Conclusion The high rate of misdiagnosis,quick development and high rate of death account for characteristics of encephalopathy during pregnancy.Regular antenatal examination,early diagnosis and just-in-time treatment are critical to improve the prognosis.

The Analysis of Outcome of Pregnancy with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and with Impaired Glucose Tolerance Diagnosed by Different Criteria

Zhang Xiaomei;Zhou Ling

2006, 27(2):  263-265. 

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Objective To study the outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and impaired glucose tolerance(GIGT) diagnosed with different criteria.Methods 1856 subjects were collected from the births file of the hospital affiliated of Suihua Medical School from 1999 to 2005,which were divided into six groups(The first goup is control,the second Le Jie GIGT group,the third Cao Zeyi GIGT group,the forth GDM Le Jie group,the fifth Cao Zeyi GDM group,the sixth OGTT group) according to different dignosing criteria.Pregancy outcome of this six groups were analyzed and compared.Results Among 1856 subjects,GDM by Le Jie criteria was 82(4.4%),GIGT by Le Jie criteria 92(5.0%),GDM by Cao Zeyi criteria 56(3.0%),GIGT by Cao Zeyi criteria 60(3.2%) and GIGT by OGTT was over 6.7 mmol/L 136(7.3%).Significant difference was shown(P<0.05) when groups 2～6 compared with control,and was not shown(P>0.05) when compared between groups 2～6.Conclusion Different dignosing criteria would not induce the different pregnancy outcome,but GDM and GIGT remain a high-risk situation that increases maternal and infant morbidity,timely and effective administration combining with accurate diagnose would improve the outcome of pregnancy.

Analyses on Isolation and Identification and Drug Sensitivity of the Clinical Strains from Patients with Uro-genital Candidiasis

Cui Yuli;Zhao Junying

2006, 27(2):  266-269. 

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Objective To investigate the distribution and the drug-sensitivity of Candida SPP in the patients with uro-genital candidiasis in vitro in our hospital,and assess the clinical feasibility of to Candida Chromogenic & lsolation Medium.Methods 40 clinical strains from patients with uro-genital candidiasis in the dermatology department and the gynecology department in our hospital.Candida Chromogenic & lsolation Medium and microorganism automatic testing system were used to identify Candida species,and according to the NCCLS M-27A scheme with typical clinical symptoms,40 strains were studied,including 39 isolates from patients,1 quality control strain.Results 1) 37 of 40 isolates were candida albicans,2 of isolates were candida parapsilosis,and 1 of isolates was Cryptococcus laurentii.2) Drug sensitivity rate of yeast to amphotericin B,ketoconazole,miconazole,itraconazole,fluconazole,cytosine,terbinafine were 71.79%,100%,84.62%,41.03%,97.44%,97.44%,84.62% respectively.Conclusion 1) Among the clinical strains,Candida albicans was the most important pathomycete,and it had a high frequency in uro-genital candidiasis.2) indetification rate of Candida albicans was 100% with Candida Chromogenic & lsolation Medium coincides with microorganism automatic testing system.

综述

The Study in Pathogenic Gene Associate with Parkinsonis Disease

Peng Jiying;Sun Yilin

2006, 27(2):  271-274. 

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Parkinson disease is a kind of neurodegenerative disease.The classic pathological finding of Parkinson disease is Lewy body(LB).Certain genic mutation would induce Parkinson disease,such as α-synuclein,Parkin,UCHL1 which are ascertained to be associated to Parkinson disease.These gene mutants damage the ubiquitin-proteasomes system(UPS),the UPS dysfunction would lead to Parkinson disease.This review discasses the relation between the three gene mutant ation and the ubiquitin-proteasomes system.

KCNK Channels in Cardiac Myocytes

Ma Tao;Wang Jun;Niu Weizhen

2006, 27(2):  275-278. 

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KCNK channels are new types of potassium channels which have four transmembrane segments and two pore domains.They are widely distributed in excitable and non-excitable tissues.There are three kinds of them in heart,including TWIK,TASK and TREK.KCNK channels are not sensitive to some classical blockers of potassium channels,but mechanical stimuli,unsaturated fatty acid,pH and volatile anesthetics can regulate their activities.KCNK channels,acting as background potassium channels in cardiac myocytes,play an important role in regulating the time course,magnitude of the platform phase of action potentials and in maintaining resting potentials.

研究快报

Manganese-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Neuronal Tract Tracing and Never Injury

Li Kuncheng;Zhang Fan;Yu Chunshui;Chang Lirong;Gao Xiulai

2006, 27(2):  278-279. 

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