Table of Content

24 February 2006, Volume 27 Issue 1

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专题报道

The Correlation between Prothrombin G20210 Gene Polymophism and Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Chinese Han Population

Zhai Zhenguo;Wang Chen;Pang Baosen;Yang Yuanhua;Liu Yanmei;Mao Yanling;Liu Jingzhong;Weng Xinzhi

2006, 27(1):  1-4. 

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Objective To determine the prevalence of prothrombin G20210 gene polymophism in Chinese Han population and investigate whether it is associated with the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE).Methods One hundred one PTE patients and 101 age and sex-matched healthy controls from the same geographic area were enrolled in the study.All patients were diagnosed on the basis of lung ventilation/perfusion scan and/or multi-slice CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA) as well as medical history and clinical manifestations.Genome DNA was extracted from whole blood using KI-phenol-chloroform.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR),restriction enzyme digestion and polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis(PAGE) were used to identify the G20210A mutation.Results Prothrombin gene G20210A mutation was not found in both PTE patients and controls.Conclusion Prothrombin gene G20210A mutation is not associated with PTE risk in Chinese Han populations.

Dynamic Changes and Significance of Plasma Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and its Receptor in Rats after Pulmonary Thromboembolism

Mao Wenping;Wang Chen;Pang Baosen;Ouyang Songyun;Yang Yuanhua;Dai Huaping

2006, 27(1):  5-8. 

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Objective To observe the dynamic changes of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) and its receptor(uPAR) in rats after pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) and their relationship to spontaneous thrombolysis rate.Methods PTE was induced in Male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats through injecting heated(125)iodine-labeled fibrinogen autologous thromboembolic into external jugular veins.Thirty-five rats were randomly assigned into following groups(each 7): 1) Healthy control group;2) PTE group including PTE 4 h group,PTE 24 h subgroup,PTE 3 d subgroup,PTE 5 d subgroup.The rats were separately sacrificed at 4 h,24 h,3 d,5 d after the PTE model was successfully made.Plasma samples were extrated and reserved for analysis of urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) and its receptor(uPAR),so were hearts,lungs and whole blood for spontaneous thrombolysis rate.Results 1) Plasma concentrations of uPA and uPAR elevated after PTE(24 h P<0.05;3 d P<0.01;PTE 5 d uPA P<0.05,uPAR P<0.01)and reached a peak valuein PTE 3 d group,then began to decrease in PTE 5 d subgroup.Plasma concentration of uPA was positively correlated with spontaneous thrombolysis rate after PTE in 4 h,24 h,3 d subgroups(4 h r=0.758,P<0.05;24 h r=0.764,P<0.05;3 d r=0.778,P<0.05),so was plasma uPAR(4 h r=0.701,P<0.05;24 h r=0.764,P<0.05;3 d r=0.777,(P<)(0.05)).Histopathological results of the lung: Secondary thrombosis and infiltration of leukocyte in thrombus and vascular wall was observed in PTE 4 h subgroup.The injected clot was obviously dissolved in PTE 3 d and 5 d subgroup replaced by secondary thrombus.Conclusion 1) Plasma levels of endogenous uPA and uPAR are increased at different time points after PTE which promote endogenous fibrinolysis.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression and Nuclear Factor- kappa B Activation in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury in Rabbits

Zhang Jun;Wang Chen;Pang Baosen;Qin Zhiqiang;Niu Shujie;Ma Li;Mao Yanling

2006, 27(1):  9-13. 

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Objective The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) were examined in order to investigate the molecular mechanism of ventilator-induced lung injury(VILI).Methods The VILI model was established by mechanical ventilation with a VT of 40 mL/kg. Forty healthy male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control group,conventional ventilation group and VILI group.The concentrations of TNF-α in lung homogenate were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The TNF-α mRNA was measured by semi-quantitative transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA).The partial arterial blood pressure of oxygen(PaO₂),wet lung weight to dry lung weight ratio(W/D) and histological changes of lung tissue were also investigated. Results 1) After 4 h of injurious ventilation,PaO₂ was significantly reduced compared with conventional ventilation group(P<0.05).In contrast,the W/D was significantly increased compared with control group(P<0.01) and conventional ventilation group(P<0.01).2) The concentrations of TNF-α proteins in lung homogenates were significantly increased by the injurious ventilation for 2 h or 4 h,compare to control group and conventional ventilation group (all P<0.01).The TNF-α mRNA levels in all injurious ventilation groups were significantly higher than control group(all P<0.01) and conventional ventilation group((P<)(0.01)).The TNF-α mRNA levels induced by injurious ventilation for 4 h were significantly higher than that induced by injurious ventilation for 1 h(P<0.01) and 2 h(P<0.05).3) The DNA-binding activity of oxymatrine was significantly increased in all injurious ventilation groups compared with that of control and conventional ventilation group(P<0.01).The DNA-binding activity of NF-κB reached to maximal level at 2 h and remained until 4 h.Conclusion The mRNA and protein level of TNF-α and DNA binding activity of NFκB were up-regulated by VILI.Increased NF-κB activity in the lung may be involved in the transcriptional up-regulation of TNF-α.

Evaluation of Clinical Parameters in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome

Liu Ying;He Zhengyi;Chen Ying

2006, 27(1):  13-16. 

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Objective This article focuses on the possible correlation of the clinical parameters(such as age,gender,neckcircumference) with the severity of Obstructive sleep apnea /hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods 111 patients presenting withclinical symptoms of OSAHS were asked to attend the study.All patients underwent at least a polysomnography and the physical examination,which included neck circumference,and body mass index(BMI).The correlation between age,neck circumference,BMI,SaO₂ and respiratory disturbance index(RDI) were analyzed.Results A statistically significant correlation between neck circumference,the lowest SaO₂,the Epworth sleepiness scales and BMI with the RDI was detected.The difference of neck circumference,ESS,SaO₂,and the BMI was significant between the different serious patients.No correlation was found between age and RDI.Our data suggests that when BMI≥28,or neck circumference≥42 cm,the possibility of OSAHS is high.Conclusion BMI,ESS,SaO₂ and neck circumference are rapid,simple and reliable method on assessing the serous of OSAHS.

The Differentiation of Th1 and Th2 CD4⁺ T Lymphocytes of Peripheral Blood from Lung Cancer Patients

Bai Peng;Zhang Husheng;Wang Yuzhou

2006, 27(1):  17-19. 

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Objective To evaluate the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 CD4⁺ T lymphocytes of peripheral blood from lung cancer patients.Methods Interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin-4(IL-4) levels in CD4⁺ T lymphocytes of peripheral blood from 25 lung cancer patients and 25 healthy volunteers were detected using flow cytometry.IFN-γand IL-4 were used as markers for the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 subsets,respectively.Results IFN-γwas lower in CD4⁺ T lymphocytes from lung cancer patients than that from healthy controls.No difference was found for IL⁴.Conclusion The ratio of Th1 to Th2 subsets changed in lung cancer patients,which may be one of the mechanisms for the tumor to escape from the immune surveillance.

Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Ginkgo on the Expression of Transform Growth Factor-β₁ in Asthmatic Rats

Lin Junling;Xu Yongjian;Zhang Zhenxiang

2006, 27(1):  20-23. 

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Objective To investigate the influence of cigarette smoke and ginkgo to the expression of transform growth factor-β₁ in asthmatic rats.Methods 30 Wistar rats were divided into an asthmatic+CS group(group A),an asthmatic group(group B),an asthmatic+CS+ginkgo group(group C),an asthmatic+ginkgo group(group D) and a control group(group E).The expression of TGF-β₁ of bronchial tissue in each group was observed by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),respectively.Results The expression of TGF-β₁ from group A and B were significantly increased compared with those of group C,D and E correspondingly and respectively(P<0.01).The expression of TGF-β₁ from group D was not increased compared with those of group E(P>0.05).Conclusion CSE can increase the expression of TGF-β₁ of bronchial tissue whereas ginkgo can decrease the expression of TGF-β₁ of bronchial tissue in asthmatic rats.

The Changes of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Early Period of Acute Lung Injury in Rabbit

Nie Xiuhong;Li Xiaojing;Wang Shuo;Guo Deyu

2006, 27(1):  24-27. 

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Objective To explore changes and significance of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the early period of acute lung injury(ALI).Methods Seventeen male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,the control group(n=9) and the ALI group(n=8).The ALI was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccaride(LPS).Blood pressure,heart rate,blood gas contents and VEGF concentration in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were measured 3 h and 6h after LPS injection.Specimens for pathological exams were obtained at the end of each experiment.Results In ALI group,blood pressure,heart rate and pH decreased significantly,compared to control group(P<0.05).Serum and BALF VEGF concentrations were increased significantly(P<0.01).The main pathological changes observed by microscopic examination were inflammatory granulocyte infiltration,disseminated thickening of alveolar septa and local hemorrhages.There was a significant correlation between BALF VEGF concentration and the grades of pathological changes 6 h after intravenous LPS administration(r²=0.850,Y=0.070X+4.598).Conclusion LPS up-regulated serum and BALF VEGF.BALF VEGF concentration shows a high degree of correlation with pathological changes in the lung,and may serve as a useful marker for monitoring ALI.

Effects of Oxymatrine on Anti-inflammatory and ICAM-1 mRNA Expression in Asthmatic Mice

Jiao Xia;Shen Qiyun;Wang Limin;Xu Yiping;Zhang Liming

2006, 27(1):  28-31. 

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Objective To explore the mechanism of oxymatrine anti-inflammatory and on ICAM-1 mRNA expression.Methods Established a murine model of asthma,investigated the effects of oxymatrine on the total cell number of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and histologic examination,and ICAM-1 mRNA expression by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in asthmatic mice.Results 1) Oxymatrine can significantly reduced the total cell number of BALF and markedly improved peribronchial eosinophilic infiltration;2) ICAM-1 mRNA expression was significantly inhibited by oxymatrine,and this may contribute to its antiinflammatory effects.Conclusion Oxymatine can significantly anti-inflammatory and markedly inhibited ICAM-1 mRNA expression in asthmatic mice.

Production of IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-α by Alveolar Macrophages in Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

Tong Zhaohui;Chen Baomin;Wang Chen;Guzman Josune;Costabel Ulrich

2006, 27(1):  32-34. 

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Objective This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the production of interleukin-12(IL-12),interleukin-18(IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the development and pathogenesis of Extrinsic allergic alveolitis(EAA).Methods AM from 11 patients with EAA and 10 control subjects were cultured for 24 h in 10% RPMI medium alone,or with RPMI medium and lipopolysaccharide(LPS,100 μg/L).Cytokines in the culture supernatants were assayed by ELISA.Results The production of IL-18 and TNF-α was increased in patients with EAA in either absence or presence of LPS compared with controls(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Although the spontaneous production of IL-12 was low,with LPS stimulation it was significantly elevated in EAA(P<0.01).Conclusion These observations suggest that IL-12,IL-18 and TNFα may be involved in the pathogenesis of EAA.

Researches on the Co-relations between Serum α₁-antitrypsin Level and Airway Inflammation, and Pulmonary Function in COPD Patients During the Stationary Phases

Liu Yuxiang;Yang Ting;Ye Yanping;Li Xiaobin;Chen Jin;Ye Huan;He Yaohong;Li Ning;Xi Xiuming

2006, 27(1):  35-37. 

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Objective To investigate the co-relations between serum α₁-antitrypsin level and airway inflammation,and pulmonary function in stable COPD patients.Methods 60 stable COPD patients and 30 healthy controls were recruited.Their serums level of α₁-antitrypsin,interleukin-6,interleukin-8 and neutrophil elastase,and the patients pulmonary function as well were detected.Results The findings show that the serum levels of α₁-AT,IL-6,IL-8 and NE in COPD patients are much higher than those of the controls;there exist positive correlations between serum levels of α₁-AT and NE and negative correlations between serum level of α₁-AT and RV/TLC of pulmonary function.Conclusion This indicates that airway inflammation continues during the stationary phases in COPD patients,that the serum α₁-AT level are positive with the degree of airway inflammation,and negative with the degree of emphysema.

Effect of VEGF Antisense Oligonucleotides Combined with Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Tumor Growth and Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Mice Lewis Lung Cancer

Zhang Yuhui;Wang Chen;Zhang Liming;Zai Zhenguo;Pang Baoshen

2006, 27(1):  38-42. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) antisense oligonucleotides(ASODN) or/and low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) fragmin on tumor growth,coagulation,thrombosis and embolism in mice Lewis lung cancer.Methods 40 mice with Lewis lung cancer were randomly divided into five groups: control group,VEGF-ASODN group,VEGF mismatch sense oligonucleotides(MSODN) group,LMWH group,and combined group.Sodium chloride,VEGF-ASODN,VEGF-MSODN,fragmin,and VEGF-ASODN plus fragmin were given respectively(once every two days,15 times altogether).Volume and weight of subcutaneous tumors were measured;Microvessel density(MVD) in tumor mass was measured by imuunohistochemistry staining;Concentration of plasma VEGF and coagulation initiator tissue factor(TF) were detected by ELASA method;thrombosis and embolism were detected by tissue HE staining method;VEGF and TF protein level in tumor tissue were detected by Western blot assay.Results Tumor growth inhibitory rates of ASODN group,LMWH group,and combined group were 47.34%,27.31% and 59.03%,respectively.There was significant difference on tumor growth inhibitory rates and MVD between above three treated groups and control group as well as MSODN group(P<0.05).Mean concentration of plasma VEGF in ASODN group,combined group were(9.66±(1.02))ng/L,(9.39±2.26)ng/L which were lower than that of control group [(14.39±3.76)ng/L](P<0.05);Mean concentrationof plasma TF in LMWH(group,) combined group were((20.00)±(1.26))ng/L,((23.50)±(5.62))ng/L which were lower than that of control group [(27.08±5.40)ng/L](P<0.05).Pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) was relatively common,rates of PTE in control group,ASODN group,MSODN group,LMWH group,combined group were 37.5%,50.0%,37.5%,25.0%,25.0%,respectively. In ASODN group,VEGF protein expression was lower,but TF protein expression was higher.Conclusion VEGF-ASODN combined with LMWH can enhance anti-tumor effect.VEGF-ASODN may exacerbate hypercoagulation so as that the risk to PTE increased.However LMWH may reduce the tendency of hypercoagulation.

Clinical Features of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Analysis of Associated Factors for Pulmonary Fibrosis

Peng Kun;Pang Baosen;Wei Tianni;Shi Ruochun;Wang Hong;Zhuang Diewei;Yan Mei

2006, 27(1):  43-47. 

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Objective To analyze the clinical features in acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) and associated factors for pulmonary fibrosis.Methods The clinical data of 54 patients with SARS during hospitalization from March 24, 2003 to May 15,2003 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results 38 patients(70.4%)had contact with patients with SARS.As the onset symptom,fever was shown in 92.6% of patients.PaO₂/FiO₂≤200 in 7 patients(14.8%),200<PaO₂/FiO₂≤300 cong in 20 patients(42.6%),WBC<4.0×10⁹/L in 13 patients(24.1%),lymphocyte<9.0×10⁹/L in 24 patients(46.2%),thrombocyte<100.0×10⁹/L in 5 patients(10.0%),and increased creatinine kinase levels in 24 patients(44.4%).The most common findings on CT of chest were irregular consolidation(61.1%) and ground-glass opacification(53.7%).The majority of lesions were located in the lower fields of bilateral lungs.The proportion of receiving corticosteroids and noninvasive ventilation therapy in critical patients(100.0%,(55.6)%)were higher than those in ordinary patients(77.8%,9.0%)(P<0.01 and P<0.05).The significant difference in lung lesions,PaO₂/FiO₂ and thrombocyte were observed between the patients with pulmonary fibrosis and the patients with non-pulmonary fibrosis.(Conclusion SARS) can be highly contagious by contacting closely with patients with SARS.CT of chest can detect the pulmonary abnormality of SARS and extremely important for early diagnosis in treatment and comprehensive supportive management is favorable for the significant efficacy of SARS.Widespread lung lesions and decrease of PaO₂/FiO₂ are related to the pulmonary fibrosis.

Effects of Dexamethasone on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Early Stage of Acute Lung Injury

Li Xiaojing;Nie Xiuhong;Wang Shuo;Guo Deyu

2006, 27(1):  48-51. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of dexamethasone on vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the early stage of acute lung injury(ALI).Methods 24 male New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups randomly:N:the control group(n=9);L:the ALI group(n=8) receiving intervenous lipopolysaccaride(LPS) to achieve the degree of ALI;E:the early-intervention group(n=7),treated with 2 mg dexamethasone immediately after injection of LPS.Results In group ALI,blood pressure,heart rate,pH and buffer excess(BE) were markedly decreased.VEGF in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were both higher than those in the sham ones.In group E,the blood pressure and heart rate decrease were diminished,the increase of VEGF in serum and BALF were inhibited significantly and the extent of lung pathological changes were mitigated.Conclusion Dexamethasone could improve the permeability of endothelium by inhibiting of VEGF in the early stage of ALI.

Clinical and Etiological Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough

Chu Hui;Zhang Jie;Li Long

2006, 27(1):  52-55. 

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Objective To investigate the causes of chronic cough in Chinese patients with chronic cough and assess the efficacy of specific therapy.Methods Adopting a diagnostic protocol distribution of cough receptors designed by Irwin,and additional cytological assay of sputum,we made etiological diagnoses of the chronic cough and treated the patients with specific therapy.We got the sputum of the patients who could not expectorate by a way of inhaling 5% hypertonic saline.The patients who complained of cough 3 weeks or longer,age≥14,nonsmoking or had given up smoking ≥4 weeks and with normal chest X-ray were enrolled into our study in the time period of July 2004 to February 2005.Results Definite diagnosis was made in 114 out of the 125 patients with chronic cough.The causes included cough variant asthma,29/125,(23.2)%,postnasal drip syndrome,28/125,(22.4)%,post infectious cough,23/125,(18.4)%,gastroesophageal reflux,16/125,(12.8)%,cough induced by angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor,15/125,(12%),eosinophilic bronchitis,3/125,(2.4)%.The causes of chronic cough in 11 patients(11/125,(8.8)%) had not been diagnosed.After treatment with specific therapy based on diagnosis,cough disappeared in 107 patients((93.9)%) and alleviated in 7 patients((6.1)%).Conclusion The diagnostic protocol based on the anatomy and distribution of cough receptors designed by Irwin,as well as cytological assay of sputum are the important methods in the diagnosis of chronic cough.Cough variant asthma,postnasal drip syndrome,post infectious cough,cough induced by angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor,gastroesophageal reflux,and eosinophilic bronchitis are the most common causes of chronic cough.And specific therapy based on diagnosis is effective.

The Clinical Application of Induced Sputum in Patients with Chronic Nonproductive Cough

Lin Long;Zhang Jie;Chu Hui

2006, 27(1):  56-58. 

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Objective To investigate the important role of induced sputum in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic nonproductive cough by assessing its feasibility and the side effects which may occur during the procedure.Methods The diagnosis procedure was based on the anatomical protocol for diagnosing chronic nonproductive cough,42 patients who still could not be diagnosed would undertake induced sputum and bronchodilation or bronchial provocation test.Results Appropriate sputum samples were obtained by inducing sputum method in 41 of 42 patients with chronic nonproductive cough(41/42,97.6%).Side effects occurred in 4 patients(4/41,9.8%).The percentage of eosinophil counts in induced sputum was high in 25 of 41(25/41,61.0%),including cough variant asthma(CVA)(22/41,53.7%),eosinophilic bronchitis(EB)(3/41,7.3%);And the percentage of eosinophil counts in patients with induced sputum was not high in 16 of 41(16/41,39.0%),including post infectious cough(PIC)(4/41,9.8%),CVA(2/41,4.8%),gastroesophageal reflux(GER)(5/41,12.2%),indeterminate diagnosis(5/41,12.2%).After treatment,the percentage of eosinophil counts in patients with induced sputum was significantly reduced in CVA and EB.Conclusion Induced sputum procedure was an effective method for diagnosing chronic nonproductive cough and little side effects occurred during the procedure.Induced sputum can provide a reliable data of airway inflammation for the patients with chronic nonproductive cough in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Protein C Anticoagulant System in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Chen Ying;Dai Huaping;Wang Chen;Ma Shiqin;Pang Baosen;Ma Li

2006, 27(1):  59-62. 

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Objective To determine the change of clotting activation-thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex(TAT) and collagen metabolism-procollagen Ⅲ(PCⅢ),and investigate the correlation between TAT and PCⅢ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF).To determine the change of protein C(PC),protein S(PS),thrombomodulin(TM) and TAT levels in BALF and plasma of the patients with IPF,and to investigate the correlation between the change of Protein C anticoagulant system and the procoagulant activity as well as the pulmonary fibrosis.Methods 16 patients with IPF and 16 healthy individuals were inrolled and investigated.The bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to all patients with IPF and 8 healthy ones of control.Plasma was collected at the same time.The levels of TM,PC,PS,PCⅢ and TAT in the BALF and plasma also PCⅢ in BALF were measured using ELISA assays.Results The levels of PCⅢ and TM in BALF were significantly higher in patients with IPF than control subjects(P<0.01,P<0.05),the levels of PS in BALF were decreased as compared with the control subjects(P<0.05).The levels of TAT in plasma were significantly higher in patients with IPF than control subjects(P<0.01),the levels of PC were decreased as compared with the control subjects(P<0.05).The BALF concentration of PCⅢ was proportionally correlated with concentration of TAT in BALF(r=0.52,P<0.05).Conclusion Excessive procoagulant activity exists in patients with IPF.Excessive procoagulant activity in the alveolar space and lung interstitium may play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of IPF.Decreased PC,PS level and increased thrombomodulin level were observed in patient with IPF,and impairment of PC pathway was the reason for the excessive procoagulant activity of IPF and may promote lung fibrosis.

基础研究

Expression Profiling of Per1 Gene in Mouse Striatum Detected Using Real Time RT-PCR

Cai Yanning;Zuo Xiaohong;Liu Shu;Xie Shu;Wen Mei;Chen Biao

2006, 27(1):  63-65. 

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Objective To establish a method for quantifying the expression level of Per1 in mouse striatum.Methods Total RNA isolated from mouse striatum was subjected to reverse transcription and amplification with Per1 specific primers.SYBR green I was used for real-time PCR detection.Results Parameters in amplification and detection were determined.The quantification system was highly specific and the amplification efficiency was more than 90%.Expression of Per1 showed a daily oscillation.Conclusion This system could used for quantifying mRNA level of Per1 with high sensitivity and broad linearity.The time-dependent expression of Per1 in striatum suggested that the interaction between Substantial Nigra and striatum may oscillate in a daily rhythmic base.

Effect of MPTP on the Circadian Oscillation of Striatal Dopamine Release in C57BL/6J

Zuo Xiaohong;Chen Biao;Cai Yanning;Wu Yanchuan;Liu Shu;Xie Shu;Wen Mei

2006, 27(1):  66-69. 

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Objective To investigate the effect of MPTP on the circadian oscillation of striatal dopamine(DA) release in C57BL/6J mice.Methods 120 C57BL/6J male mice were divided into 2 groups: MPTP group was administrated with 36 mg/(kg·d) MPTP-HCl for 5 consecutive days.Control group was treated with saline.After last injection,mice were sacrificed at six different time points during the 24 h period.The DA and serotonin(5-HT) levels in the striatum were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection.Results DA level decreased significantly in MPTP group(P<0.05).The changes of DA levels in striatum of control mice during the 24 h period revealed a significant lower point at ZT16(1:30 am) and a peak at ZT0(8:30 am).MPTP group showed the same circadian oscillation.There was no circadian oscillation of 5-HT levels in both groups.Conclusion MPTP did not affect the circadian oscillation of DA release,indicating the lack of interaction between DA decrease and circadian oscillation of DA release.

Microarray Profiling of Inflammatory Gene Expression in Hypoxia-/Hypothermia-Treated Human Cerebral Endothelial Cells

Cui Hong;Zhang Wandong;Jamie Hutchison;Danica Stanimirovic

2006, 27(1):  70-73. 

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Objective To investigate the inflammatory gene expression in hypoxia-/hypothermia-treated human cerebral endothelial cells(HCEC).Methods Two groups were used: post hypoxic hypothermia and intra hypoxic hypothermia.For the experiments,the culture medium for HCEC was changed to M199(serum-free,low glucose) before the cells subject to hypoxia/hypothermia.Total RNA were then isolated and reverse-transcribed to cDNA for microarray experiments.Results The results showed that: 1) IL-1R1、IL-1RL1,IL-1β,IL-11,IRF2,IGFBP2,IGFBP3 and CSF1 were up-regulated,IL-1RN,IL-6,IFNGR2,CSF3R,SELL,ICAM3,PECAM 1and SELE were down-regulated at certain time-points.IFI30 was up-regulated during hypoxic hypothermia,but down-regulated after hypoxic hypothermia treatment.TNFRSF7 was down-regulated during hypothermia only.2) More genes were down-regulated by hypoxia for 4 h at 32 ℃ than that at 37 ℃.Conclusion Some inflammatory genes are up-regulated during hypoxia,such as IL-1β,IL1RL1 and IL-1R1.The up-regulated inflammatory genes such as IL-11 may be related to protective response to hypoxia.

临床研究

Cohort Study on Relationship between Psychological Health Status and Clinical Features in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Liu Zhaohui;Hua Qi;ZhangJian

2006, 27(1):  74-77. 

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Objective To study the manifestations of depression in convalescent patients with SARS.Methods Dividing 246 SARS patients into the severe condition group(126 cases) and common condition group(120 cases).Compare the results between the 2 groups.SDS assessment was performed in the two groups.Results SDS quantity in study groups was significantly different;the depress condition was getting worse in discharged SARS patients compared with different stages.Conclusion SARS patients have severe psychological disturbance when coming back to society after long period of isolation even with recovery of the disease.The clinical features of SARS influenced the SARS patient's mental status.SARS patient should have psychiatry therapy after discharged from hospital.

Clinical Study of Controlled-Release formula of Glipizide in the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease Complicated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Zhao Xiuli;Zhou Yanming;Yang Jinkui;Li Jincheng;Zhang Hui;Wu Ying;Zhang Renhan;Hu Dayi

2006, 27(1):  78-80. 

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Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of controlled-release formula of glipizide and immediate release glipizide in the treatment of coronary artery disease complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 60 patients were randomized into two groups,each group has 30 patients,receiving controlled-release formulation of glipizide or immediate release glipizede respectively.The level of glucose,insulin,C-peptide and HbA1c were measured before and after treatment.Results controlled-release formula of glipizide once daily and immediate release glipizide 3 times per day showed a similar effect on glucose level,but the former did not increase insulin and C-peptide level.Conclusion The controlled-release formula of glipizide had safe and reliable effects on controlling glucose and had no adverse effect to insulin and C-peptide in treatment of coronary artery disease complicated with type II diabetes mellitus.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea-hypopnea Syndrome: A Review of Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis in One Hundred and Twenty Patients

Bu Xiaoning;Guo Xiheng;Wang Chen;Liu Li;Wu Xiaotao

2006, 27(1):  81-83. 

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Objective The aims of the study were to characterize the clinical manifestations and data of laboratory tests in 120 patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS),and then to improve the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS.Methods A retrospective review was carried out in 120 patients with the diagnosis of OSAHS.Results The most common cause for these patients paying their first visits to doctors is sleep disturbance,which was initially found by spouse or friends,indicating the possibility of OSAHS and hypoxia.The most common symptoms were customary snoring and the sounds of snoring were irregular,27% of the patients felt suffocated during sleeping.The body mass index were over 25 in 59% of the patients,the score of Epworth scale were(4.7)±(2.3).70% of the patients was diagnosed as having moderate-severe degree of OSAHS.Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation therapy was used in(81.7)% of the patients.Conclusion Most patients did not pay enough attention to the catent sleep disorders,we should inquire and check patients carefully.The diagnosis was made by polysomnography,Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation therapy has an immediate effect on improving the sleep architecture and increasing hypoxemia.

Relationship between the Platelet Counts and Prognosis in Septieamia Patients

Teng Guojie;Nie Xiuhong

2006, 27(1):  84-86. 

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Objective To investigate the relation ship between platelet counts and prognosis in patients with sepsis.Methods Parameters in 54 patients with sepsis were analyzed retrospectively,to show the effects of bacterial genus,platelet counts in first positive blood culture and APACHEⅡ scores on prognosis.The difference between Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacillus in patients sepsis were observed in terms of platelet counts,APACHEⅡ scores and prognosis.Results Platelet counts in first positive blood culture and APACHEⅡ scores were closely correlated with prognosis.The APACHEⅡ scores was significantly higher in patients with platelet counts<100×10⁹/L(P<0.05).There was no difference in platelet counts,APACHEⅡ scores and prognosis between Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacillus in patients with sepsis.Conclusion Platelet counts in patients with sepsis are correlated APACHEⅡ scores and prognosis,platelet counts are good indicators of prognosis and severity in patients with sepsis.

Changes of Neutrophil CD11b in Patients with SARS and Its Clinical Significance

Zhang Lin;Nie Xiuhong;Liu Mingfang

2006, 27(1):  87-89. 

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Objective To investigate the changes of CD11b expression of neutrophil in patients with SARS and its significance.Methods The expressions of CD11b in peripheral blood were quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry in 86 SARS patients.The patients were divided into 3 groups,including 44 cases of hospital discharge group,33 cases of recovery group(18 cases of common type SARS and 15cases of severe type SARS) and 9 cases of deteriorated group.25 healthy individuals served as the control.CD11b of 13 cases in recovery group and 4 cases in deteriorated group were analyzed again 1 week later.Results The expression of CD11b in the recovery group was significantly higher than that in control group and hospital discharge group(P=0.000,0.003).No significant difference was observed between hospital discharge group and control group(P=0.066).Compared with the expression of CD11b among 9 cases of deteriorated group,15 cases of severe type SARS patients in recovery group and control group,the expression of CD11b in deteriorated group was significantly higher than that in control group(P=0.000).There was no significant difference between deteriorated group and severe type patients in recovery group(P=0.997).The CD11b expression of 13 cases in recovery group was greatly decreased 1 week later(P=0.000).The mean level of CD11b expression of 4 cases in deteriorated group was higher than that 1 week before.Conclusion The adhesive function of PMN is higher in the recovery stage of SARS patients.The dynamic changes of CD11b expression can reflect the prognosis of SARS.

Effect of Blood Glucose on Lipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Cao Xuexia;Wang Li

2006, 27(1):  90-91. 

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Objective To investigate lipidemia disorder and effect of glucose on lipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM).Methods 200 patients with T2DM were enrolled and the levels of blood lipid(TG,TC,HDL,LDL),serum insulin(Ins),plasma glucose(PG),HbA1c were measured.Results 1)HbA1c was correlated with TG,TC,LDL positively(P<0.05),and correlated with HDL negatively(P<0.05).2)The levels of fasting TG,TC,LDL were significantly increased and HDL remarkably decreased following increasing of HbA1c.Conclusion Patients with T2DM have marked disorder of blood lipid.The levels of glucose and lipid should be both controlled to prevent atherosclerosis.

Changes of Cytokines in the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Animals

Ren Tianhua;Zhang Shuwen;Ren Aiming;Jiang Yue;Wang Baoneng

2006, 27(1):  92-94. 

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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of cytokines in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) animals.Methods 16 one-year-old male swines,weight 20～25 kg,were used for this study.Bacillius(17 million/kg) were injected into right jugular,and serum endotoxin and cytokins(TNF,IL-1,IL-6,IL-10,NO) were determined 1 h,3 h,5 h,7 h after injections.Results Serum cytokines were increased 1 h after injections with standard colon bacillius.Standard colon bacilius-induced changes in cytokine levels were time-dependent.Conclusion These findings provide some experimental basis for the clinical study of MODS.

Study of the Relationship between the Polymorphism of the Endoglin Gene and Intracranial Aneurysm in Han Nationality

Wang Jiangfei;Zhang Dong;Zhao Jizong;Chen Baosheng;Zeng Wuwei;Li Guoping;Bi Nan

2006, 27(1):  95-99. 

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Objective To study the relationship between the polymorphism of the endoglin gene and the incidence of intracranial aneurysm in the Han nationality.Methods To compare the allele gene and genotype frequency of the insertion polymorphism around exon 7 of the endoglin gene in 94 patients with intracranial saccular aneurysms and 116 control volunteers by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),agarose gel electrophoresis,polyacrylamide gel(PAGE) electrophoresis and direct sequencing.Results The insertion genotype frequency of aneurysm group(36.2%) is much higher than that of the control group(12.1%)(χ²=8.553,P=0.005).The insertion allele gene frequency of aneurysm group(24.5%) is also higher than that of the control group(6.03%)(χ²=14.409,P=0.000).Conclusion This insertion polymorphism of endoglin is correlated with the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms.

Effect of Telomerase Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides on the Growth of Human Malignant Glioma Cells

Yuan Ge;Zhao Jizong;Liu Wei

2006, 27(1):  100-104. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of telomerase antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODNs) on the growth of human malignant glioma cells.Methods Human malignant glioma cells were treated with antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to the template region of human telomerase RNA(hTR).Cell proliferation was assessed using MTT method.Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL.Telomerase activity was detected by telomerase repeat amplification protocol(TRAP) assay.(Results Telomerase) activity and cell growth of glioma cells were suppressed significantly by telomerase antisense oligodeoxynucleotides compared with control group(P<0.05).The proliferation index decreased from 0.46 to 0.25 after 96 h treatment.Telomerase antisense oligodeoxynucleotides also induced cell growth arrest in G₀/G₁ phase significantly,with reduced cell fractions in S phase and G₂/M phase.Results also show that percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis was 10.5 after telomerase antisense oligodeoxynucleotides treatment for 96 h.Conclusion Results suggest that telomerase antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can significantly suppress the telomerase activity,inhibit cell growth and cell proliferation,and induce apoptosis in glioma cells.Telomerase antisense oligodeoxynucleotides are potential therapeutic agents for glioma.

Analysis of 556 Cases of Central Nervous System Tumors in Elderly

Wang Dongchun;Wang Shuo;Zhao Jizong;Tang Kai;Li Xiaoli

2006, 27(1):  105-108. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of central nervous system tumors in elderly patients.Methods The 556 cases of elderly patients with intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms from 2002.6 to 2005.5 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Tumors of the central nervous system in the aging patients accounted for 9.03% of the total in our unit during the same period.There were 490 cases of intracranial tumors,among which the supratentorial tumors were 388 cases,infratentorial tumors were 90 and the tumors involving both supratentorial and infratentorial were 12 cases.there were 66 cases of intraspinal neoplasms.Meanwhile the most common tumors in our group were meningioma(254 cases),followed by pituitary adenoma(90 cases) and tumors of neuroepithelial tissue(89 cases).After operation 491(88.31%) cases recovered very well,42(7.55%) cases and 23(4.14%) cases were died or almost dead.Conclusion The prevacence rate of central nervous system tumors in elderly patients appeared a tendency of increasing.The incidence of supratentorial tumors was much higher than that of infratentorial tumors.Meningomas was the most common type.The surgery treatment is optimism for the tumor,the age was not a ban for the operation.

Measurement of Histamine in Nasal Mucosa in Guinea Pig with Allergic Rhinitis

Yang Jun;Deng Qiu;Zhou Yun;Zhu Xiaonong

2006, 27(1):  109-112. 

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Objective To observe the content of histamine in nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis(AR) guinea pig,and study the role of it in the diagnose of AR.Methods In the Shore fluorescent method,two factors: temperature and extraction time that affected the measurement of the histamine were estimated respectively at two levels by the recovery rate of histamine to build the final method of measurement of histamine.In addition,the allergic rhinitis models in guinea pig were built by using sensitizing agent TDI,and the histamine in nasal mucosa in guinea pigs were measured by the method built above.Results At the condition of 25 ℃ and 45 min of extraction time,the recovery rate of histamine measured up the requirement.And by the method,the histamine content in nasal mucosa in controlled group and AR group were(513.7±49.3)ng/g and(590.4±47.6)ng/g respectively.There were significant difference between natural controlled group and AR group(P<0.01).Conclusion The improved Shore fluorescent method could accurately and reliably measure the histamine in nasal mucosa in guinea pig.The histamine content in nasal mucosa played an important role in diagnosing AR disease.

Retrospective Analysis about the Pregnancy in Lower Part of Uterine in Past Ten Years

Liu Juhong, Li Jian

2006, 27(1):  113-116. 

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Objective To investigate the etiology,diagnosis,treatment on the pregnancy in lower part of uterus.Methods Twenty-six women of the pregnancy in lower part of uterus were treated in the last ten years,and the cases were analyzed.Results In this study,18 cases about the lower uterine segment pregnancy.Of these cases,11 patients were treated with methotrexate and Chinese medicine,3 patients with medicine induced abortion,4 patients adopted dilatation and curettage. one of the eleven patients had hysterectomy.There were 8 cases about placenta increta.Of these cases,5 patients adopted abortion and curettage,3 patients had caesarean section,2 of the three patients had hysterectomy for active bleeding.Conclusion Previous curettage and caesarean section are the risk factors of the pregnancy in lower part of uterus.Its treatment methods depend on the pregnant weeks,the part of placenta implantation,the blood loss,the blood signal under ultrasonic examination and the HCG value.We must have a good preparation for the emergency,and have hysterectomy necessarily.

The Expression and Significance of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor in the Mechanism of Pathogenesis of Endometrial Polyps

Peng Xuebing, Xia Enlan

2006, 27(1):  117-119. 

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Objective To investigate the causes and possible mechanism and pathogenesis of endometrial polyps(EP) by evaluating the expression of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR) so as to try to find the theoretical basis for the treatment and prevention of EP.Methods Prospective study was performed 56 patients,who had transcervical resection of polyps(TCRP) were enrolled.EP and pieces of endometrium had been removed in all operations.Routine pathological diagnosis to all specimens and immunohistochemical staining studies for ER,PR expression in EP and endometrium were made.Serum sex hormones were measured for all patients.Serum sex hormone in 56 patients were all in normal level.Results Expression of ER in gland and stroma of the two groups showed no significant difference(P>0.05).Expression of PR in gland and stroma were significantly decreased in EP group(P<0.05).Conclusion The main mechanisms of EP may be local endometrium wasn't sensitive to the periodic changes of steroid.Abnormal expressions of PR in EP were probably associated with EP formation.

Etiological Investigation of the Endometrial Polyps in Postmenopausal Women

Wang Weijuan, Gao Wanli, Feng Liming, Zhang Hua, Liu Xiaochun

2006, 27(1):  120-122. 

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Objective To investigate the etiology of the endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women.Methods 20 cases of postmenopausal endometrial polyps patients who had not been treated with hormonotherapy were submitted to have a transcervical resection of polyps.These patients had been diagnosed with benign endometrial lesion.18 cases of normal postmenopausal patients served as control group.Peripheral blood steroid hormone level were tested in all patients.The presences of ER,PR and Ki-67 antigen were determined in endometrial samples and polyps by immunohistorchemical method.ER and PR staining index were determined with a computerized image analyzer.Results Peripheral blood steroid hormone level were normal,there were no significant difference between the two groups.In the glandular epithelium,the expressions of the ER in the polyps group and in the postmenopausal were((0.56±)0.07) and(0.43±0.06),respectively(P<0.001),the expressions of PR in the two groups were(0.51±0.04) and(0.35±0.06),respectively(P<0.001),the expressions of Ki-67 in the two groups were(17.1±7.7) and(9.0±5.5),respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion The steroids receptors and Ki-67 antigen play a crucial role in the histopathology of the endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women.There is no relationship between peripheral blood steriond hormone level and postmenopausal polyps.

综述

Volume-sensitive Organic Osmolyte and Anion Channels and Cell Volume Regulation

Li Suke;Niu Weizhen

2006, 27(1):  128-131. 

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Maintenance of constant cell volume is an evolutionarily ancient homeostatic process.Volume-sensitive organic osmolyte and anion channels(VSOACs),which are permeatable to chlorine,distribute widely in human being,animals and vegetables.VSOACs participate in cell volume regulation and play primary roles in regulatory volume decrease.

研究快报

Effect of General Anesthetics on Memory Formation

Yue Yun;Feng Chunsheng

2006, 27(1):  132-132. 

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Neuroprotective Effect of Cold Autoblood Infusion Intraarterially in Cerebral Ischemic/reperfused Rats

Ling Feng;Ji Xunming;Su Wandong

2006, 27(1):  133-134. 

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Sequencing and Analysis of ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 of Pneumocystis Isolated from Meriones Unguiculatus

Li Zihui;Feng Xianmin;Lu Siqi;Zhang Fan;Wang Fengyun;Huang Song

2006, 27(1):  135-136. 

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