Table of Content

21 December 2016, Volume 37 Issue 6

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Change of autophagy in the isoprenaline-induced cardiac dysfunction

Bai Yan, Xu Wenli, Lyu Tingting, Wu Ye, Wang Li, Wang Wen, Ma Xinliang, Liu Huirong

2016, 37(6):  719-724.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.001

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Objective To observe the change of myocardial autophagy during the isoprenaline-induced mice cardiac dysfunction. Methods The mice model of cardiac dysfunction was established by intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline persistently for 4 weeks. Cardiac function was monitored by ultrasonic imaging system; hemodynamic changes were measured via tail-cuff method; autophagy-related protein expressions of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰand p62 were detected by Western blotting. Results After treatment with isoprenaline for 4 weeks, ejection fraction and fractional short reduced, interventricular septum increased, the ratio of early peak flow velocity and atrium peak flow velocity (E/A) tended to be elevated, suggesting declined cardiac function in model group compared with control group. Correspondingly, the heart rate and diastolic blood pressure decreased in model group compared with control group. After the injection of isoprenaline for 1 day and 3 days, the level of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰincreased and relative expression of p62 increased, but both returned to normal levels at the 4th week. Conclusion In the progress of isoprenaline-induced cardiac dysfunction, myocardial autophagy increased at an early stage, then returned to the normal level appearing to be a dynamic trend.

Advanced glycation end products impair voltage-gated K⁺ channels in coronary vascular smooth muscle cells

Su Wen, Li Hongwei, Chen Hui, Liu Huirong, Huang Haixia, Li Weiping

2016, 37(6):  725-730.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.002

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Objective To investigate the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in impairment of voltage-gated K⁺(K_v) channels in rat coronary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods We isolated rat coronary VSMCs. The cells were incubated either in control medium, or medium with 100 μg/mL AGE-bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA), or medium with 100 μg/mL AGE-BSA plus 100 μg/mL anti-receptor of AGEs immunoglobulin G (anti-RAGE IgG). Patch-clamp recording was used to assess the K_v currents. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR techniques were used to assess protein and mRNA expression of K_v 1.2 and K_v1.5. Results Incubation of VSMCs with AGE-BSA reduced K_v current density by 32.7% and decreased both protein and mRNA expression of K_v1.2 and K_v1.5 channels, whereas blocking AGE-BSA interacting with their receptors by preincubation with anti-RAGE IgG for 30 minutes prevented AGE-BSA-induced impairment of K_v channels.Conclusion AGEs impair K_v channels in coronary VSMCs by interacting with RAGE.

Effect of sphingomyelin synthase inhibitor on angiotensinⅡ-induced cardiac fibrosis in hypertensive mice

Fan Yifan, Qi Dan, Liu Jiaxin, Yang Xinchun

2016, 37(6):  731-735.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.003

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Objective To study the role of sphingomyelin synthase inhibitor (D609) on angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ)-induced cardiac fibrosis in hypertensive mice. Methods Totally 28 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:Control group, D609 treatment group, AngⅡ-infusion group and AngⅡ+D609 treatment group. Two weeks later, blood pressure was measured and echocardiography was performed. Cardiac fibrosis was evaluated by HE and Masson staining. Plasma level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured by ELISA. Results Compared with control group, AngⅡ-infusion group showed increased blood pressure, myocardial hypertrophy, cardial fibrosis and decreased plasma level of TNF-α and IL-6. Compared with AngⅡ group, AngⅡ+D609 group demonstrated that D609 could significantly decrease the blood pressure, reduce myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis, and also attenuate inflammatory responses by decreasing plasma level of TNF-α and IL-6. Conclusion Sphingomyelin synthase may play an important role in AngⅡ-induced cardiac fibrosis.

Detection of the interaction between the peptide and β₁-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies using surface plasmon resonance

Dong Yu, Lyu Tingting, Xu Wenli, Bai Yan, Wu Ye, Liu Huirong, Wang Wen

2016, 37(6):  736-739.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.004

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Objective To investigate the interaction between the peptide which mimic the structure of the second extracellular loop of the β₁-adrenergic receptor (β₁-AR-EC_Ⅱ) and β₁-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies (β₁-AA). Methods Peptide was synthesized according to the amino acid sequence of human β₁-AR-EC_Ⅱ; a hybridoma fusion method was used to obtain anti-β₁-AR-EC_Ⅱ monoclonal antibody; the interaction between the peptide and β₁-AA was detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR); and the beating frequency experiment of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was explored to test the neutralization of the peptide to β₁-AA. Results β₁-AA enhanced the beating frequency of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (P<0.05), indicating that the β₁-AA we obtained has biological activity; SPR results showed that there was a moderate binding affinity (K_D) of 4.44 μmol/L between the synthetic peptide and β₁-AA. Conclusion There was interaction between the synthesized peptide and β₁-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies.

Comparative analysis of heart structure and left ventricular geometric pattern in patients with different premature ventricular contractions burden

Luo Hongyu, Hua Qi, Zhu Weiwei, Hou Haixia, Liu Rongkun

2016, 37(6):  740-745.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.005

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Objective To observe the influence of different premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) burden on patients' heart structure and function, and its relevance to the left ventricular geometric pattern. Methods Totally 142 patients with PVCs were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into 3 groups by the burden of PVCs:the lower burden group (<10%, n=54), the medium burden group (10%-20%, n=55), the higher burden group (>20%, n=33). The difference and correlation between the heart structure, heart function and left ventricular geometric pattern in the 3 groups were analyzed; and the Logistic regression analyses were used to find out the risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy. Results Compared with the higher burden group, the left atrial diameter(LAD), left ventricular outflow tract(LVOT), left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole(LVIDD), left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular myocardial(LVM) mass and left ventricular myocardial mass index(LVMI) in the lower and medium groups were decreased, the LVEF in the lower and medium groups was increased (P<0.05). The PVCs burden was positively correlated with RVOT, LVOT, LVIDD, LVEDV, SV, LVM (P<0.05,); and was negatively correlated with LVEF (P<0.05,). With the increase of PVCs burden, the ratio of left ventricle normal geometry was decreased, and the ratio of eccentric hypertrophy geometry was increased. In a binary Logistic regression analysis, age, hypertension and PVCs burden were the risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with PVCs. Conclusion The PVCs burden was closely related to the heart structure of the patients with PVCs. With the increase of PVCs burden, the left ventricular hypertrophy was aggravated gradually, the left ventricular systolic function was decreased, and the ratio of eccentric hypertrophy geometry was increased significantly. For patients with older age, hypertension and a heavy load of PVCs burden, doctors should monitor the cardiac function on early stage, and start the clinical intervention in time.

Helicobacter pylori infection impact on long-term prognosis in patients implanted with drug-eluting stent with acute coronary syndrome

Wang Dezhao, Wang Jun, Li Shijing, Chen Buxing

2016, 37(6):  746-752.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.006

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Objective To explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and the long-term outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed consecutive 326 patients who were treated with DES implantation from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012. Demographic data were collected and all patients underwent examination of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), homocysteine (HCY) and other biochemical indicators. All the patients were divided into three groups according to the result of ¹³C urea breath test. Group 1 had 176 patients without Hp infection; Group 2 had 75 patients with Hp infection with eradication therapy; and group 3, 75 patients with Hp infection without eradication therapy. We explored the correlations of Hp infection with major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) after 5 years of follow-up using survival analysis. Results After 5 years of follow-up, we found that patients with Hp infection without therapy had more MACE and UGIB than the other two groups (P value is 0.009 and 0.000, respectively). Survival analysis showed that Hp infection was a predictor of MACE with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.441, with 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.354-4.400, P=0.003 and UGIB with HR of 5.257, with 95% CI:2.572-10.745, P<0.001. Conclusion Patients after DES implantation with Hp infection had more MACE and UGIB after 5 years of follow-up. Hp eradication therapy maybe able to lower the rate of MACE and UGIB.

Interpretation and prospect of the eighth edition of TNM staging for lung cancer

Liu Baodong, Zhi Xiuyi

2016, 37(6):  753-757.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.007

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Over the past six years, with the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer has meaningful advances, the 7th edition of lung cancer TNM staging is difficult to meet the current clinical needs. Therefore, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has information on 94 708 new patients diagnosed as lung cancer originated from 35 sources in 16 countries between 1999 and 2010, forming the eighth edition of TNM staging of lung cancer. The new edition of the classification will then be enacted in January 2017. The advantages of the new staging has higher value in prognosis and clinical guidance of different patients.

Meta analysis of the association between the polymorphism of XRCC1 Arg280His and lung cancer susceptibility

Tan Xiaogang, Wang Ruotian, Yao Shuyang, Zhi Xiuyi

2016, 37(6):  758-762.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.008

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Objective To evaluate the association between XRCC1 Arg280His and lung cancer susceptibility. Methods To collect the reports of case-control studies on the association between XRCC1 Arg280His and lung cancer susceptibility, we searched CNKI and Pubmed, then evaluated the association of XRCC1 Arg280His and lung cancer susceptibility by Meta analysis. Then we performed subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis and publication bias test. Results There were 14 studies with 5 711 cases and 6 202 controls enrolled in this Meta-analysis. The pooled OR of His/His+Arg/His genotype compared to Arg/Arg genotype under dominant model was 0.97 without statistically significant association (95%CI:0.78-1.22). Conclusion The XRCC1 Arg280His polymorphism was not statistically significantly associated with the lung cancer susceptibility.

Clinical study for resection range for early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients

Hu Mu, Zhang Yi, Xu Qingsheng, Liu Baodong, Su Lei, Wang Ruotian, Zhi Xiuyi

2016, 37(6):  763-766.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.009

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Objective To compare video assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) lobectomy and sublobectomy in the treatment of early stage non-small cell lung cancer on safety and short term follow up. Methods The early lung cancer patients with lesion 2 cm or less in diameter were divided into lobectomy and sublobectomy resection group. Two groups were compared in the hospitalization after operation, operation time, surgical blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative recurrence at 1-year, mortality and postoperative lung function reduction rate after 1 year. Results Comparing two groups, sublobecomy group had a shorter operation time than lobectomy group (P=0.000). Surgical blood loss, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications had no significant difference (P>0.05) between two groups. After 1 year follow-up, no mortality was found in any group, no tumor recurrence or metastasis was found in any group. In sublobectomy group, reduction of lung function 1 year after surgery was obviously better than the ratio of lobectomy group (P=0.000). Conclusion Safety and effectiveness of VATS sublobectomy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients compared with lobectomy have been established in this study.

Clinical evaluation of the factors related to the properties of the upper lobe of the lung

Pan Shouqiang, Zhang Yi

2016, 37(6):  767-772.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.010

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Objective To investigate the factors influencing the diagnosis of diseases of the lung' upper lobe. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on data of the department of thoracic surgery in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 1, 2013 to January 31, 2015 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the 38 patients with the upper lobe of the lung data, using SPSS 19.0 statistical software. Results In the single factor analysis in patients with anterior section space-occupation, in all the cases with CT image edge of leaf cases, the age, smoking history, carcino-embryonic antigen(CEA) and single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) have no radioactivity condensed had statistical significance; in all the cases with upper lobe of the left lung space-occupying, CEA and CT images of the patients with leaves had statistical significance, all in the right upper lobe anterior space-occupying cases, age, smoking history, CEA, burr of the patients, the edge of leaf were statistically significantly different. In the multifactorial analyses of cases with upper lobe of lung segment space-occupation, in all cases with the CT image edge of leaf, CEA, SPECT has no radioactive condensation had statistical significance, in all the cases with the right upper lobe anterior space-occupying cases, CEA and the edge of leaf was statistically significant. Conclusion The main factors influencing diagnosis of space-occupation in anterior segment of upper lobe of the lungs were age, smoking history, CEA and SPECT have no radioactive condensation, comprehensive analysis and evaluation, early diagnosis and early treatment are needed.

Adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy for non-small cell lung cancer

Yao Shuyang, Zhi Xiuyi

2016, 37(6):  773-776.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.011

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According to clinical guidelines, cisplatin-based chemotherapy given in adjuvant setting of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can contribute to the prolongation of survival. However, chemotherapy has reached a therapeutic plateau. It has been confirmed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) provided a dramatic response to patients with advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC. The role of EGFR TKI in adjuvant setting of NSCLC still remains unclear. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current and available data.

Regulatory mechanism of Cornel iridoid glycoside on protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit C phosphorylation

Li Xuelian, Yang Cuicui, Zhang Lan, Shi Jingshan

2016, 37(6):  777-783.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.012

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Objective To investigate the mechanism of Cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) inhibiting tau phosphorylation by up-regulating protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. Methods ① To determine optimal transfection conditions:transfecting Src plasmid DNA (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 μg) into mouse neuro-2A cell (N2a cells) was performed to observe the effects of different quantity Src on phosphorylation of PP2A catalytic subunit C and tau phosphorylation. ② After transfecting 0.6 μg Src plasmid DNA into N2a cells 24 hours,the cells were incubated with CIG (50, 100, 200 μg/mL) 24h,then the effects of CIG on Src, PTP1B, p-PP2Ac and tau phosphorylation were observed. Results ① Expression of Src protein was significantly increased, the expression of p-PP2Ac was up-regulated and the expression of PP2A did not change when Src (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 μg) plasmid transfected into N2a cells, and the tau phosphorylation at the sites of Ser 199/202, Ser 396 increased significantly; In the N2a cells transfected with 0.8 μg Src, the expression of p-PP2Ac was increased apparently, the expression of PP2A was not changed, and the phosphorylation of tau at Ser 199/202 and Ser 396 sites was decreased. ② In the N2a cells transfected with 0.6 μg Src, the expression of Src was significantly increased, the expression of p-PP2Ac was significantly increased, and the tau phosphorylation at the sites of Ser 199/202, Thr 205, Thr 217 and Ser 396 sites increased significantly; CIG could inhibit the expression of p-PP2Ac, the expression of tau phosphorylation at the sites of Ser 199/202, Thr 205, Thr 217, and Ser 396. In addition, CIG can up-regulate PTP1B protein expression. Conclusion CIG had no obvious regulation effect on Src, but it could decrease the phosphorylation of PP2A catalytic subunit C by increasing the expression of PTP1B, and then increases the activity of PP2A, and further reduces the level of tau hyperphosphorylation. The inhibition of CIG on tau hyperphosphorylation, will bring broad application prospects on the treatment of AD.

Five-month-old APP/PS1 double transgenic mice behavior and pathology of senile plaques

Chen Chen, Yang Cuicui, Li Lin, Zhang Lan

2016, 37(6):  784-788.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.013

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Objective To explore behavior related to learning and memory ability of 5-month-old APP/PS1 double transgenic mice and pathology in the brain. Methods Five-month-old APP/PS1(+/-) double transgenic mice were tested with Morris water maze. β-amyloid plaques were studied with immunohistochemical staining and Congo red staining to observe-amyloid plaques deposition. ResultsAPP/PS1(+) mice escape latency was significantly longer than that of APP/PS1(-) mice, 5-month-oldAPP/PS1(+) mice learning and memory ability were damaged. β-amyloid plaques immunohistochemical staining and Congo red staining showed senile plaques in 5-month-old APP/PS1(+) mice. Conclusion Five-month-old APP/PS1 (+) mice learning and memory ability were damaged, a part of Alzheimer disease pathology was shown in the brain of 5-month-old APP/PS1(+) mice.

Loganin attenuates tau hyper-phosphorylation by inhibiting phosphorylation of PP2A catalytic subunit C

Yang Cuicui, Li Lin, Zhang Li, Li Yali, Zhang Lan

2016, 37(6):  789-793.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.014

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Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Loganin on tau phosphorylation.Methods Human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells were pre-incubated with Loganin (500 μmol/L,1 000 μmol/L, respectively) for 24 h, and then exposed to 10 μmol/L WT and 10 μmol/L GFX for 3 h after washing out Loganin. Western blotting was used to measure the phosphorylation level of tau protein at Thr205, Thr217, PHF-1 sites, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit C (PP2Ac) and the related proteins in the signaling pathway. Results WT/GFX inhibited the phosphorylation of GSK-3β-ser9, increased tau phosphorylation in SK-N-SH cells. Pre-incubation with Loganin significantly attenuated hyperphosphorylation of tau at Thr205,Thr217,PHF-1 sites in the model cells. Loganin did not reverse the decrease in p-GSK3β-ser9 induced by WT/GFX, suggesting that the effect of Loganin's inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation may be independent of GSK-3β pathway. However, Loganin reduced the phosphorylation of PP2Ac at Tyr307, but not demethylation of PP2Ac at Leu309 in the WT/GFX-treated cells. Conclusion Loganin attenuated the hyperphosphorylation of tau at multiple sites by reducing the phosphorylation of PP2Ac in Alzheimer's disease-like cell model, independent of regulating GSK-3β.

Research progress in the autophagy related mechanisms in traumatic brain injury

Liu Yuan, Wang Rong

2016, 37(6):  794-798.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.015

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most important causes of disability of the young people and adults around the world, which caused high mortality and the survivors often accompanied sequelae of physical disability, mental disability and so on. TBI brings a heavy burden to the society development. Autophagy is a hot research field in recent years. Although the study on the mechanism of autophagy changes in the secondary damage induced by TBI has been gradually increasing in recent years, there are still many mechanisms of autophagy to be elucidated. The main aim of this review is to elaborate on the changes of autophagy related mechanism after TBI.

Expression of neuronal hemoglobin alleviates α-synuclein-induced apoptosis in MES23.5 cells

Yang Weiwei, Li Xuran, Li Xin, Li Xuying, Yu Shun

2016, 37(6):  799-805.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.016

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Objective To explore the effect of neuronal hemoglobin (nHb) on α-synuclein(α-syn)-induced cell apoptosis. Methods myc vector or nHb was transiently transfected into MES23.5 cells with or without addition of exogenous α-syn. As identification of gene expression by immunofluorescence, Western blotting was used to detect the expression of α-syn and nHb. JC-1 staining was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential. The cell injuries were observed by TUNEL staining and MTT assay. Results nHb gene overexpression in MES23.5 cells lead to formation the complexes with α-syn in cytosolic and mitochondrial fraction, and reduced free nHb levels. Meanwhile, nHb could reverse α-syn-induced reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell apoptosis. Conclusion Increase of nHb could alleviate α-syn-induced cell injuries.

Topographic images analysis of mitochondria from α-synuclein transgenic mice utilizing atomic force microscopy

Gao Ge, Wang Zhipeng, Duan Chunli, Lu Lingling, Yang Hui

2016, 37(6):  806-811.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.017

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Objective To investigate the mitochondrial topographic images and nanostructural changes in isolated cortex mitochondria from mice overexpressing human wild-type α-synuclein (Thy1-α-synuclein mice, Tg/α-syn) via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods Via JC-1 staining to exam the mitochondrial membrane potential of mitochondria isolated from wild type mice(WT) and transgenic mice(TG). The topographic images and nanostructural changes of mitochondria were detected by AFM between the two groups. Results The mitochondrial membrane potential of mitochondria isolated from transgenic mice was decreased by 20.4% compared with the wild type mice (P<0.01). And the topographic images and nanostructure results showed that the length, roughness and number of pore-like structure were increased in mitochondria isolated from TG group (P<0.05). Conclusion Overexpressing α-syn could attenuate mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ_m) and the mitochondrial membrane was destroyed. The AFM could show the topographic images and nanostructural changes in the isolated mitochondria using tapping mode.

Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in elderly Hui population in Guyuan

Liu Wei, Hua Lin, Zhang Xuelian, Song Huiling, Liu Wanfu

2016, 37(6):  812-816.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.018

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in elderly Hui population in the countryside of Guyuan,and the possible risk factors. Methods After stratified sampling, we performed our study in all the subjects. Level of fasting and 2 h postprandial blood glucose(PBG2h) were measured in all the participants. In the subjects with fasting plasma glucose (FBG) higher than 5.60 mmol/L and PBG2 h higher than 7.8 mmol/L, a 83-g oral glucose tolerance test were performed. Questionnaire for diabetes epidemiological study was used to record the characteristics of all the subjects. Results The prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes was significantly higher in the 60-65 group (P=0.023). In elderly Hui population, the prevalence was significantly lower both in ≥ 65 group (P=0.009) and in men (P<0.001). The standardized prevalence of diabetes was lower in Hui (6.4%) than in Han (9.9%). Smoking was an important risk factor of diabetes in elderly Hui population(P=0.020). Conclusion Compared the elderly Hui population with Han,there was significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in different gender and age groups. Smoking cigarette was a possible risk factor.

Analysis of the result and the clinical significance of 91 retinoblastoma patients' bone marrow examination

Li Sihui, Jin Mei, Zhao Junyang, Li Bei, Yang Jing, Ma Xiaoli

2016, 37(6):  817-820.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.019

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Objective To explore the early diagnostic value of the bone marrow examination for detecting distant metastasis of children with retinoblastoma (RB), and to provide the basis for the occasion of performing bone marrow examination in RB patients. Methods The complete medical records of 91 RB patients who diagnosed clinically or pathologically at Beijing Children's Hospital (BCH) Affiliated to Capital Medical University seen from Nov. 2009 to May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Totally 91 cases underwent bone marrow examination, bone marrow biopsy was performed for 70 cases at the same time. There were 48 male (52.7%) and 43 female (47.3%), with a mean age of 25.1 months (bilateral 16.3 months, unilateral 29.0 months). Among 91 patients who had undergone bone marrow aspiration, in 16 cases the puncture was done at single site while in 75 at two sites (sternum and posterior iliac crest). Juvenile lymphocytes of bone marrow smear were more than 5% in only eight cases. Just one extra-ocular stage patient was confirmed to have bone marrow metastasis by bone marrow biopsy, the rest seven patients were negative. These eight patients were followed up till April 25th, 2016, the follow-up time was between 29 months to 54 months, six cases had stable disease, one died, one case was lost to follow up. Conclusion The rate of early bone marrow involvement in group D and group E of intraocular RB is extremely low, so bone marrow examination could not be done routinely. But when clinical stage is ambiguous, or who is an extra-ocular stage patient or there are imaging risk factors of intraocular RB, bone marrow examination and/or bone marrow biopsy should be done to make definite diagnosis. In addition, RB patients were young, bone marrow is in an active hyperplasia, the result of bone marrow examination will be affected by some factors, so bone marrow biopsy will be needed to clarify the nature of the juvenile cells.

Partial arthroscopic of massive rotator cuff tears in elder patients

Gao Qingfeng, Cheng Xue, Ma Zhensheng, Zhang Lei, Sun Xin, Ma Chao, Liu Zhikui, Yang Mengqi, Liu Zihong, He Yaohua

2016, 37(6):  821-825.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.020

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Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the technique and review the clinical effectiveness of partial arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears in elder patients. Methods Between January 2012 and June2014, 58 patients (27 men,31women) with a mean age of 57.5 years were undergone arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears. Patients were on the left side in 11 cases, and on the right side in 47 cases. All patients were evaluated from preoperatively to the final follow-up time using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons(ASES)score, Constant-Murley score, University of California,Los Angeles(UCLA)score of shoulder pain, active range of motion, active forward flexion and abduction strength. Then all data were analyzed statistically. Results All patients were operated successfully and got good healing and followed up at a mean time of 23.2 months (range from 18 months to 26 months). Before surgery ASES scores,constant scores,UCLA scores is 8.2±1.4,37.1±7.2,8.7±2.5, respectively. After surgery the scores are 28.5±4.5, 84.6±4.7, 28.4±4.5, respectively.The last follow-up compared with preoperative difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears in elder patients showed satisfactory. And a good function of shoulder joint can be obtained.

Effects of behavior intervention on patients with lower limb lymphedema after gynecological carcinoma treatment

Sun Xiaohong, Kong Weimin, Ma Zhengjun

2016, 37(6):  826-829.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2016.06.021

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Objective To preliminarily study the effects of behavior intervention on patients with lower limb lymphedema(LLL) after gynecological carcinoma treatment. Methods Seventy-eight cases of patients with LLL after gynecological carcinoma treatment, were divided into 2 groups:control group and intervention group, to analyze the effects ofbehavior intervention on patients with LLL. Results Totally 88.5% of patients after gynecological carcinoma treatment have theunderstandingof LLL, while only 53.9% before treatment; the remission rate was 65% for patients with LLL accepted the behavior intervention, while the spontaneous remission rate was 39.5% for patients with LLL without behavior intervention, there had significant difference(P=0.024).Conclusion LLL is one of the common complications for patients after gynecological carcinoma treatment, and patients aregenerally lack of awareness of this complication, behavior intervention can effectively reduce the symptoms of LLL, promote the absorption of LLL, improve the life quality of patients, so behavior intervention should be used earlier in patients after gynecological carcinoma treatment to avoid or reduce the LLL.