Table of Content

21 December 2015, Volume 36 Issue 6

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Construction and preliminary application of BACE2 gene knockout in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9

Lu Jing, Wu Qian, Xie Rongrong, Qiu Haiyan, Cheng Cheng, Yang Jinkui

2015, 36(6):  839-843.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.001

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Objective To construct β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 2 knockout zebrafish animal model and preliminarily explore its application. Methods By using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the gRNA against target in zebrafish was designed to induce mutations;afterwards the mutant was obtained by DNA sequencing. Results BACE2 homozygous mutants were unable to survive in the early part. Results of RT-PCR showed continued BACE2 gene expression in zebrafish early development. Conclusion BACE2 knockout zebrafish animal model may provide an effective tool for further study of the mechanism of pancreas development and drug screening.

Effect of RFX6 on pancreas development in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9

Cheng Cheng, Wu Qian, Lu Jing, Qiu Haiyan, Li Qian, Yang Jinkui

2015, 36(6):  844-847.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.002

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Objective To construct the RFX6 knockout zebrafish animal model and preliminarily study the effects of RFX6 on the pancreatic development in zebrafish. Methods CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to design gRNA against the target and induce mutation, thus the mutants can be obtained by sequencing. Results The RFX6 knockout zebrafish animal model was successfully constructed. Preliminary studies showed that RFX6 homozygous mutants suffered from growth retardation, lean and thin body with diabetes, and could not produce offsprings. Conclusion RFX6 plays an important role and is the key factor in the pancreatic development of zebrafish.

Automated screening for diabetic retinopathy based on computer vision

Zhu Jiangbing, Ke Xin, Liu Chang, Yang Jinkui, He Jianguo

2015, 36(6):  848-852.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.003

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Objective To automatically identify relevant diabetic retinopathy(DR) characteristic lesions in the eyes using computer vision technology, develop computer automated screening system which can be used to screen for DR. Methods Using mathematical morphology and support vector machine(SVM) classification technology, we designed algorithm to screen for DR, including detecting hemorrhage, exudation, microaneurysm and other types of lesions, Then automatic grading and diagnosis of fundus imaging based on clinical diagnostic criteria for DR, and accomplish automatic DR screening. Results The established completely automated screening system was used for international Messidor databases as screening judgment, comparing with the validation criteria for diagnosis of experts, in a total of 1 200 fundus images, the system sensitivity was determined to be 93.8%, the specificity was 94.5%, detection time was 9.83 s. Conclusion These results show that the completion of the development of computer vision algorithms based DR automated screening system can accurately and efficiently screen ophthalmic images, with better prospects for clinical application and social benefits.

Investigation and analysis of macular diseases in natural population and diabetes patients in Changping District, Beijing

Cao Xi, Yuan Mingxia, Xin Zhong, Xie Rongrong, Yang Jinkui

2015, 36(6):  853-856.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.004

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Objective To investigate the macular disorders by optical coherence tomography(OCT) in patients and residents of Changping District, Beijing, and to analyze the type and risk factors of macular diseases. Methods In a cross-sectional population-based study, OCT was performed for subjects from the 2011 Health Examination Survey in Beijing. The subjects also received physical examination and laboratory measurements including fasting plasma glucose(FPG), oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)-2 h plasma glucose(2 h PG), hemoglobin A1C(HbA1c), uric acid and lipid profiles, in addition to completing a general health questionnaire. Results The study included 521 subjects who had at least one eye meeting study eligibility criteria. Of all subjects, two patients had age-related macular degeneration(AMD), five patients had diffuse macular edema without cysts, six patients had cystoid macular edema, three patients had tractional macular edema, two patients had serious retinal detachments. More importantly, FPG(P=0.024), OGTT-2 h PG(P=0.029), total cholesterol(P=0.024) and low-density lipoprotein(LDL)(P=0.044) cholesterol were found to be the independent risk factors for macular disease. Central subfield thickness(CST) of the retina was significantly greater in patients with macular disease than in normal controls(P < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with macular disease had greater central subfield thickness. FPG, 2 h PG, total cholesterol and LDL-C were found to be the independent risk factors for macular disease.

Investigation of 758 chefs with overweight and obesity and related risk factors

Xu Zhixin, Wang Xiuyun, Song Yaping, Pang Wuyuan, Geng Kun, Liu Jianjun, Zhang Jiantao

2015, 36(6):  857-860.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.005

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Objective To understand prevalence and related risk factors of overweight and obesity among the population of chefs. Methods Catering units were randomly sampled from Changping District restaurants and hotels, and a total of 758 chefs were enrolled and surveyed. Physical examination and biochemical tests were performed, and the relative risk factors of overweight and obesity were analyzed. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the 758 chefs had a rising trend with age(age χ²=78.62, P=0.000);overweight and obesity rate was higher in male than in female(gender χ²=9.252, P=0.010);diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia are associated with obesity;diabetes mellitus, hypertension, overweight and obesity and blood lipid abnormalities are associated with age;the highest prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia was found in the 40~49 age group of the chefs who had overweight and obesity. Conclusion The key of effectively reducing the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia and other chronic diseases in chefs is controlling overweight and obesity in the population;the cooks who are above 40 years of age is the focus of the chronic disease prevention and control;health education method is feasible and effective to change unhealthy life style, improve the self health care.

Mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein and Parkinson's disease

Zhang Ruyi, Zhang Li, Li Lin

2015, 36(6):  861-864.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.006

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Parkinson's disease(PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. The disease is characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of intraneuronal Lewy bodies. Many studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is the central pathogenesis of PD. The abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein is the key factor in the cascade of PD pathological events. Recently, the interaction between α-synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction has attracted much attention, but the exact mechanism underlying PD pathogenesis is still unclear. In this review, we discuss the key roles of mitochondria and α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of PD and the interaction between them. Understanding the functional consequences of α-synuclein's interactions with mitochondria is likely to provide important insights into disease pathophysiology, and may also reveal therapeutic strategies.

Replicative senescence reduced the efficacy of human fetal bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell intravenous treatment of cerebral infarction rats

Huang Aihua, Zhang Pingping, Zhang Bin, Ma Buqing, Guan Yunqian, Zhou Yidan

2015, 36(6):  865-874.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.007

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Objective To compare the effect of intravascular transplantation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells(hMSCs), which at passage 4 and 10, on the cerebral infarct volume and behavioral improvement of cerebral ischemia rats. The therapeutic mechanisms, including reducing microglia activation and increasing neurotrophic factors will be observed. Methods The SD rats were divided into 4 groups, sham, ischemia vehicle, hMSC at passage 4 and passage 10 transplantation group. The distal middle cerebral artery occlusion(dMCAO) was applied in this study. The ischemia vehicle group received dMCAO surgery and intravascular saline injection. For the transplantation group, 1×10⁶ hMSCs were intravascularly transplanted into rats' tail vein at 1 hour after the ischemia onset. At 2 and 4 days after the ischemia onset, behavioral tests were performed. At 2 d after the ischemia onset, infarct volume was measured. At day 4, CD 68, the symbol of activated microglia, were evaluated in the core of ischemic area, meanwhile, the neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1) in ipsilateral core ischemia cortex was also observed. Results Only hMSCs at passage 4 reduced infarct volume and improved the behavioral outcome of dMCAO rats significantly. At 4 days after the transplantation, the microglia activation of 4th passage hMSC group was significantly lower(P < 0.01) than that of ischemia vehicle group in the core area of ischemia cortex. At day 4, BDNF and IGF-1 in the ischemic core were higher in the group of hMSC at passage 4, than that in ischemia vehicle group. Human MSC at passage 10 did not change the neurotrophic cytokines in the core ischemia cortex. Conclusion Human MSC was transplanted at 1 h after the onset of ischemia to treat the ischemia damaged brain. The hMSC at early passage, but not late passage showed therapeutic effects, including decreasing infarct volume and increasing behavioral deficit. The underlying mechanisms of the difference may closely relate to that the ability of late passage hMSC in reducing microglia activation and increasing neurotrophic factors in ischemia core area was not as strong as the MSC at early passage.

Promoter methylation analysis of seven clock genes in the brain of 3xTg mice

Bao Xunjie, Cai yanning, Zhu Yanqiu, Yang Cuicui, Li Lin, Zhang Lan

2015, 36(6):  875-881.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.008

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Objective To investigate whether abnormal CpG methylation contributes to circadian dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Methods We examined the methylation of clock promoters in the mice brain by using a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP) assay. Results Methylation was detectable in the cry2;clock and bmal2 promoters in model group, although the frequency is low. However no positive result was found in control group. Conclusion Our results show that the promoter methylation may contribute to changes in circadian rhythms in certain slave oscillators, but not a key point.

Effect of intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharides on the substantia nigra NADPH oxidase in rats

Bai Lijuan, Jiang Xin, Chen Xiaohong, Ren Yan, Luo Xiaoguang

2015, 36(6):  882-886.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.009

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Objective To observe the expression of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH) oxidase and the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in substantia nigra after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rats. Methods Healthy two-month-old and one-year-old SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS(1 mg/kg) at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week, respectively. Substantia nigra was taken, reactive oxygen species(ROS) and the activity of NADPH oxidase in the rats were determined. Results At 12 h after intraperitoneal injection with LPS, the activity of ROS in substantia nigra reached the peak and NADPH activity also reached the peak. Conclusion The increase in expression of NADPH oxidase and the shift to membranes protein promotes the inflammatory reaction, however there was no significant differences between the aged group and the young group.

Morphological and inflammatory factor changes of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons and microglial cells after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide in rat

Bai Lijuan, Ren Yan, Luo Xiaoguang, Jiang Xin, Chen Xiaohong

2015, 36(6):  887-894.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.010

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Objective To observe the morphological change of dopaminergic neurons and microglia after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Methods Healthy two-month- and one-year-old SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS(1 mg/kg) at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 w, respectively. Anti tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) and anti ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba-1) immunohistochemial staining was utilized to observe TH positive neurons and activity of microglia in substantia nigra. The level of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin 6(IL-6) and interleukin 1β(IL-1β) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results Microglia of one-year-old SD rats were activated more significantly, and reached the peak earlier than the young group. The activation of microglia was earlier than the damage of dopaminergic neuron in each non-control group. The level of inflammatory factors in aged group was higher than that in the young group in cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusion Aging factors are related with CNS inflammatory reaction which is induced by the peripheral inflammatory media.

Regulatory effects of α-synuclein and PINK1 on Nurr1 activity

Lu Lingling, Shi Yuqing, Wei Yufei, Jia Huanzhen, Qiao Fangwei, Yang Hui

2015, 36(6):  895-901.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.011

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Objective To investigate if α-synuclein(α-syn) and PTEN induced putative kinase 1(PINK1) have an effect on nuclear receptor related 1(Nurr1) activity. Methods Two plasmids pAmCyan1-N1-α-syn(CFP-α-syn) and pZsYellow1-N1-Nurr1(YFP-Nurr1) were constructed to detect the interaction between α-syn and Nurr1 using fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) technique. PINK1 gene was silenced with siRNA in MN9D cells followed by Nurr1 activity detection. Results After transfected with the above two plasmids, SK-N-SH cells were observed under the confocal microscopy. The fluorescence of CFP and YFP did not become weak with fusion of target protein. FRET phenomenon was observed and the FRET efficiency between CFP-α-syn and YFP-Nurr1 was about 21%, indicating that there was an interaction between α-syn and Nurr1. The results showed that Nurr1 activity was down-regulated when PINK1 gene was knocked-down for 24 h or 48 h, indicating that PINK1 had a regulatory effect on Nurr1 activity. Conclusion Therefore α-syn may be as a transcriptional repressor to inhibit Nurr1 activity by interacting with the latter. In contrary, PINK1 positively regulates Nurr1 activity. The coordination between PINK1 and α-syn may play an important role in DA homeostasis.

Doxorubicin augments adeno-associated-virus type 2 transduction in mice brain slice culture

Gong Xiaoli, Wang Le, Wang Wei, Fu Xia, Zhang Ting, Wang Xiaomin

2015, 36(6):  902-907.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.012

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Objective To investigate whether doxorubicin can be applied to increase the efficacy of AAV-2 transduction in mice brain slice culture system. Methods We co-administrated doxorubicin with AAV-2 carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein(AV2.EGFP) into the mice brain slice culture, and then observed the EGFP expression from live cells in the brain slice by microscope. Results We found that EGFP fluorescence was very low within 6 days post-infection. One micromole doxorubicin augmented AAV-2 transduction dramatically to 2.8 folds compared with control group. This effect can last at least 7 days. Moreover, similar results were obtained when doxorubicin treated at the same time with or after AV2.EGFP. Conclusion Doxorubicin augmented AAV-2 transduction in mice brain slice. Our data provided evidence to facilitate AAV-mediated gene expression in the central nervous system with the treatment of doxorubicin.

Nitrative stress participates in aging-related vascular endothelial dysfunction

Ma Yuman, Sun Qi, Dong Yu, Wang Huanyuan, Wang Wen

2015, 36(6):  908-914.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.013

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Objective This study aimed to observe the effect of nitrative stress on the morphology and function of vascular endothelium in the natural aging rats. Methods Young(3 months) and aging(20 months) male SD rats(SPF grade) were randomly divided into four groups, with ten rats in each group: 1 3 months control;2 3 months+Fe(III) meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine pentachloride(FeTMPyP);3 20 months control;4 20 months+FeTMPyP. The experimental groups were given FeTMPyP(peroxynitrite scavenger;3 mg/kg every 3 days;totally 5 times) via intraperitoneal injection. The levels of aging-related proteins P53 and P21 in liver were detected by Western blotting. Rat thoracic aortas was isolated and connected to an isometric force transducer. Endothelium-dependent dilation was measured by classic drugs, such as different concentrations of acetylcholine(ACh). The histological changes of thoracic aortas were observed by HE staining. The 3-nitrotyrosine and endothelium markers vWF and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) levels in vascular tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results In 20 months old rats, the endothelium-dependent relaxation in aortas was dropped significantly than the 3 months rats. Adoption of peroxynitrite scavenger FeTMPyP intervention can obviously improve the endothelium-dependent relaxation of aging rats. Both HE and von willebrand factor(vWF) & eNOS immunohistochemistry staining results showed that there were obvious morphological damage in thoracic aorta in 20 months old rats. Adoption of peroxynitrite scavenger FeTMPyP intervention can obviously reduce the damage of aging vascular morphology. Immunohistochemistry results showed that in aged thoracic aortas, the 3-nitrotyrosine levels increased significantly, which indicated the obvious nitrative stress reaction. Adoption of peroxynitrite scavenger FeTMPyP intervention can obviously reduce the 3-nitrotyrosine levels. Conclusion During aging, the increased formation of peroxynitrite and enhanced nitrative stress reaction can lead to endothelial injury and functional decline.

S-adenosyl methionine enhance the toxicity of salsolinol in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cell

Lu Jianqing, Deng Yulin

2015, 36(6):  915-920.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.014

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Objective Parkinson's disease(PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and salsolinol which is catechol tetrahydroisoquinoline may play important role in the pathogenesis of PD. S-adenosyl methionine(SAM) may be used in the medical treatment of PD, and it is very meaningful to study the mechanism of it. Methods In our study, we chose SH-SY5Y as cell model, and used MTT to test the survival rate induced by Sal or Sal combined SAM. The apoptosis of them was detected by Hoechst 33258 stain, and the ATP level was also measured. The NMSal level which is the product of Sal N-methylation was detected by the HPLC-ECD. Results SAM can decrease the survival rate under Sal, and increased the apoptosis. The ATP level was lower in the SAM combined groups. SAM can make the cell produce more NMSal in the Sal induced groups. Conclusion These results indicated that SAM can enhance the toxicity of Sal in the dopaminergic neurons, and it may adverse to the cure of PD.

Synthesis of glycopeptides

Zeng Li, Zhang Jianwei

2015, 36(6):  921-923.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.015

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Objective The synthesis of glycopeptide was investigated. Methods The reaction of glucuronic acid with peptide was performed in tetrahydrofuran. Results Glucuronic acid reacted with peptide to form glycopeptide. Conclusion Thus we have explored the reaction of glucuronic acid with peptide. Tetra-peptide was obtained containing glycosylation.

Construction and expressional identification of human hepatic cell stably transfected with HSS

Wu Yuan, Zhang Jing, Dong Lingyue, An Wei

2015, 36(6):  924-928.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.016

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Objective To construct a hepatic cell stably transfected with HSS gene, and to identify its biological characteristics. Methods Flag-HSS-pcDNA3.0 was transfected into BEL-7402 cell line via FuGENE HD and G418 selection. The stably transfected cell line was identified by immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. Results Immunofluorescence demonstrate the expression of HSS in the stably transfected cell line and the mitochondrial location of HSS. The expression of mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in the hepatic cell line stably transfected with HSS gene compared with the wild type cell line. Conclusion A new hepatic cell lines transfected with HSS is successfully established, and it will provide the experiment tools and research base to in-depth study of the physiological functions of HSS.

Effect of the miR-886-5p on the cervical squamous epithelial cell clone formation and cervical cancer chemotherapy

Li Jinghua, Wang Ming, Zhang Rui, Feng Limin

2015, 36(6):  929-935.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.017

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Objective To explore the effect of the miR-886-5p on the cervical squamous epithelial cell clone formation and cervical cancer chemotherapy. Methods Microassay was carried out for cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues(CSCCs) and adjacent non-tumor tissues. One of them is miR-886-5p that overexpression in CSCCs. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that P53 pathway genes(Bax, P14, GADD45B and 14-3-3δ) are miR-886-5p target genes. With a GFP tag overexpression of miR-886-5p plasmid we evaluated the formation of cervical epithelial cell clone. Downstream target validation was performed for miR-886-5p. MiR-886-5p was validated by RT-PCR after chemotherapy in SiHa cell. Results Forced expression of one miRNA, miR-886-5p, overexpressed in CSCC tissues lowered expression of the protein P14 and P53, promoted cell clone formation in H8, an HPV16-immortalized human cervical squamous epithelial cell line. After the cervical squamous carcinoma cell line was cultured with different amounts of paclitaxel and VP16, the expression of miR-886-5p was significantly upregulated with the increasing concentration of paclitaxel and VP16. Conclusion MiR-886-5p promotes proliferation of cervical cancer cells and contributes to cervical cancer chemotherapy resistance.

The effect of small dose DMBA on rat pancreatic tumorigenesis

Ren Yu, Hou Xiaopu, Li Dan, Li Ying, Zhu Bin

2015, 36(6):  936-941.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.018

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Objective To explore the possibility of pancreatic carcinogenesis induced by small dose 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA) implantation in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. Methods Totally 70 male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: DMBA(2 mg/100 g) was implanted into the parenchyma of rats pancreas in experimental group(n=60);No drugs were implanted into the parenchyma of pancreas in control group. Rats were killed after surgery operation(2, 4 and 6 months). Finally, the pancreases of rats were fixed in formalin for HE staining and immunohistochemical analysis. Results 1 No significant differences were observed with the weight of rats between experimental and control groups(P=0.680);2 The incidence of pancreatic cyst was 33.3% in the experimental group 4 months after surgery. The incidence of pancreatic cyst was 38.9% and that of leiomyosarcoma was 5.6% in the experimental group 6 months after surgery. Conclusion Small dose of DMBA(2 mg/100 g) implanted into SD rats can cause acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cyst, and pancreatic leiomyosarcoma. The incidence of pancreatic leiomyosarcoma is very low. But no pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma was found.Further reaserch is needed.

Based on the impact of magnolol on Candida albicans adhesion and biofilm formation for exploring its anti-caries effect

Xiang Xiaobo, Zhou Yanmeng, Feng Linying, Dong Hua

2015, 36(6):  942-945.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.019

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Objective To observe the impact of magnololon Candida albicans adhesion and biofilm formation in order to assess its anti-caries effect. Methods Through 96-well microtiter plate copy C.albicans in vitro adhesion and biofilm model, XTT reduction assay was applied to evaluate the effect of the different concentrations of magnolol on C.albicans adhesion and biofilm formation. Results Magnolol has inhibitory effect on C. albicans adhesion, its action has the time and the concentration dependence. The magnolol of 62.5 mg/L and 125 mg/L of magnolol had significantly inhibited adhesion of C. albicans, compared with the negative control group, the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Test the concentration of the selected five magnolol had different degrees of inhibition on C. albicans biofilms, of which the inhibition rates of 125 mg/L magnolol against C. albicans biofilm was 66.32%. Conclusion Magnolol can inhibit adhesion of C. albicans and reduce its pathogenicity, and has obvious inhibitory effect to the formed biofilm. The results suggest magnolol has a good application prospect as an anti-caries drug.

Related research of HTERC gene in cervical intraepithelial neapalsia after the treatment

Zhou Lihong, He Xihong, Long Yan, Lin Li

2015, 36(6):  946-952.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.020

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Objective To explore the monitoring value of human telomerase RNA component(HTERC) gene in cervical intraepithelial neapalsia(CIN) after the treatment. Methods Totally eight-three patients confirmed as cervical intraepithelial neapalsia were chosen. Those patients were examined with thin prep cytologic test(TCT), high risk-human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) detection, multi-point biopsy and HTERC gene preoperative. Then we examined TCT, HPV, HTERC gene and colposcopy biopsy at the time of 6 months and 1 year follow-up. Results 1 With the histological lesion degree increasing, HTERC gene positive expression rate increased, and the increased difference is statistically significant. 2 Half year after the treatment, we discovered that the cytology, high-risk type HPV positive rate and positive HTERC gene detection rate(HTERC gene positive rate was 0% after the treatment), were significantly reduced compared with preoperative, and it suggested that the surgery could effectively reduce the degree of cervical lesions, high-risk type HPV positive rate and positive rate of HTERC gene. 3 Comparing those tests, we found that the TCT had the highest positive predictive value, the HR-HPV had the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value, and the HTERC had the highest specificity. Conclusion When patients have HR-HPV infection, and especially have the CIN, it will help predict the direction of development of the disease with the HTERC gene detects added.

Retrospective analysis of influences of different protein intake on renal function in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease

Wang Xiaoqi, Dai Wendi, Diao Zongli, Wang Liyan, Liu Wenhu

2015, 36(6):  953-957.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.021

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Objective To explore retrospectively the influence of different protein intake on renal prognosis in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease(CKD). Methods Follow up data was successfully obtained in the 221 patients with stage 3 CKD who followed more than 24 months from January 2013 to May 2015, the clinical data and laboratory tests were collected, including primary disease, body mass index, diet reviews, daily protein intake(DPI) and laboratory tests. A simplified modification of diet in renal disease(MDRD) formula was adopted to calculate the level of estimated glomemlar filtration rate(eGFR). The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the level of DPI: very low protein diet(VLPD) as DPI ≤ 0.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1(n=61), low protein diet(LPD) as DPI from 0.6 to 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1(n=118) and normal protein diet(NPD) as DPI > 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1(n=42). Results There were no significant difference between 3 groups in eGFR level at the baseline(P > 0.05). However, the eGFR of VLPD and NPD group tend to decrease progressively in a similar rate with the prolonging of time, both were merely missed the statistically significance compared with each baseline level at the end of the observation(P=0.050, P=0.054), and no decrease was observed in NPD group. Compared with LPD group, the eGFR level of VLPD group significantly decreased on month 24(P=0.024). Conclusion The low-protein diet(DPI between 0.6-0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1) may contribute to delaying the deterioration of renal function, but the very low protein diet(DPI ≤ 0.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1) may increase the risk of the progress of CKD.

The HPLC-DAD determination of puerarin and salvianolic acid B in Guanmaining tablets and its fingerprint chromatogram study

Ding Ning, He Yi, He Yumei, Wang Dong, Wang Ruizhong, Lu Jing, Dai Zhong, Ma Shuangcheng

2015, 36(6):  958-963.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.022

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Objective To establish a method for the detection of pueratin and salvianolic acid B in Guanmaining Tablets, and to study the fingerprint chromatogram of the preparation. Methods HPLC-DAD was used for the quantitative determination of puerarin and salvianolic acid B, and fingerprint chromatogram study of Guanmaining Tablets. The column of Phenomenex Luna C18(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used as a stationary phase, the mixture of methanol and 0.5% formic acid was used as a mobile phase in gradient elution mode, and the detection wavelengths were 250 nm for puerarin and 286 nm for salvianolic acid B. Results Puerarin and salvianolic acid B showed good linear relationships in the ranges of 0.002 523~0.504 6 mg/mL and 0.002 657~0.425 2 mg/mL, respectively. The average recoveries were 99.53%(n=6, RSD=1.5%) for puerarin and 102.2%(n=6, RSD=1.4%) for salvianolic acid B. In the fingerprint study, the similarity computation results of 56 samples ranged from 0.25 to 0.98. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, and quick and can be used for the quality control in Guanmaining tablets.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on stress hormone and hemodynamic in delayed extubation patients after craniotomy

Zhao Lihong, Yin Ningning, Li Qian, Chen Han, Shi Zhonghua, Xu Ming, Shi Guangzhi, Zhou Jianxin

2015, 36(6):  964-968.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.023

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Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on stress hormone and hemodynamic in the delayed extubation patients after craniotomy. Methods Forty patients after intracranial surgery with delayed extubation were randomly divided to two treatment study groups, labeled "Dex group" or "Saline group". Dexmedetomidine group patients received a continuous infusion of 0.6 μg·kg^-1·h^-1(10 mg/L). Placebo group patients received a maintenance infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride for injection at a volume and rate equal to that of dexmedetomidine. Plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, cortisol, HR, SBP and DBP were detected at before infusion(T1), 2 hours(T2), 4 hours(T3) and 8 hours(T4) after infusion, end of infusion(T5). Results Plasma levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, cortisol of dexmedetomidine group were lower than those of saline group(P < 0.05). HR, SBP and DBP of dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than those of saline group(P < 0.01). Conclusion As new sedative and analgesic drugs, use of dexmedetomidine(0.6 μg·kg^-1·h^-1) infusion was able to reduce plasma levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and cortisol, reduce the stress response, maintain hemodynamic stability.

Clinical features and prognostic analysis on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with chronic total occlusion

Xu Min, Guo Jincheng, Zhang Haibin

2015, 36(6):  969-973.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.024

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Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognostic analysis on patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) with chronic total occlusion(CTO) in a non-infarct-related artery. Methods In this study, a total of 391 patients with STEMI and receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) were enrolled from January 2011 to November 2012 in Beijing Lube Hospital. According to the existence of CTO, patients were divided into 2 groups;CTO group(41 cases ) and non-CTO group(350 cases). Both groups were given conventional secondary prevention treatment. The clinical feature of STEMI with CTO was analysed. The primary end point was 30-day incidence of MACE and influencing factors on MACE. Results The age, heart failure, renal insufficiency, 3 diseased vessels, shock, malignant arrhythmia, the usage of intra-aortic balloon pupm(IABP) of CTO group were higher than those of non-CTO group(P < 0.05). The rate of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI) flow grade 3 after PCI of CTO group was significantly lower than that of non-CTO group(P < 0.05). The peak level of creatine kinase MB(CK-MB) and the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD) in CTO group was significantly higher than that of non-CTO group〔(307.19±149.04)U/L vs (208.08±129.56)U/L;(55.48±5.58)mm vs (52.33±4.41)mm, P < 0.05〕. The ejection fraction(EF) of CTO group was significantly lower than that of non-CTO group(51.86±9.61 vs 57.76±9.20, P < 0.05). The 30-days mortality and MACE of CTO group was significantly higher than that of non-CTO group(22.0 vs 2.9;22.0 vs 3.7, P < 0.05). A stepwise Logistic regression analysis further suggested the following independent predictors to 30-day incidence of major adverse cardiac event(MACE):TIMI flow grade < 3 after PCI, renal insufficiency, anterior wall infarction, age ≥ 65, malignant arrhythmia, CTO. Conclusion The incidence of heart failure, renal insufficiency, shock, malignant arrhythmia and 3 diseased vessels of CTO group was higher than that of non-CTO group. The rate of TIMI flow grade 3 after PCI of CTO group was lower than that of non-CTO group. The 30-days mortality and MACE of CTO group was significantly higher than that of non-CTO group. CTO was the predicting factor of 30-days poor prognosis of STEMI.

Application of SF-36 scales for evaluation of health status in patients with total knee and hip replacement

Wang Zhenzhong, Cui Yinpeng, Guo Ai

2015, 36(6):  974-977.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.025

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Objective To introduce the application of the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36) scales for evaluation of health status in patients with total joint replacement(TJR). Methods We enrolled 58 patients with total hip replacement(THR), 131 patients with total knee replacement(TKR) from 2012 to 2014. All were assessed using SF-36, and still THRs and TKRs were assessed via Harris score and Knee Society Score(KSS), before surgery and 6 months after TJR, respectively. The scores were analyzed by Pearson's correlation analysis. Results We obtained 53 complete follow-ups of THR and 124 of TKR. The results showed good positive correlation both between SF-36 score and Harris score,and between SF-36 score and KSS score(two-tailed, P < 0.01). Conclusion SF-36 scales could reflect changes of health status, including physical and psychological aspects in patient with TJR, and showed good validity and reliability.

Analysis of etiological and related factors responsible for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 056 patients

Cai Ling, Zhang Mei, Zhao Dandan, Zhao Quchuan, Niu Xiaoyu

2015, 36(6):  978-981.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.026

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Objective To investigate the etiology and related factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB) in the past 10 years. Methods The data of 2 056 patients receiving emergency treatment for UGIB in a single medical center between January 2005 and December 2014 were collected. Etiological analysis was done based on age, gender and time period. Results 1) UGIB occurred more often in men than in women with a ratio of 2.87:1.00. Gender composition was no significant difference between the first and later 5 years. 2) Proportion of young and middle-aged patients decreased, as compared with that of the elderly group(P < 0.01). 3) Etiological analysis of UGIB was different between the first and later 5 years. No matter the young and middle-aged or the elderly group, peptic ulcer ranked first, esophageal gastric varices fell(P < 0.004). Reflux esophagitis and acute gastric mucosal lesions in the elderly group rate rose(P < 0.004). 4) Duodenal ulcer was the main cause of UGIB in the young and middle-aged patients, whereas gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma accounted for more at elderly people. 5) Percentage of patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs(NSAIDs) and anticoagulation drugs was 2.67% in the young and middle-aged group and 24.55% in the elderly group(P < 0.01). 6) Within five years UGIB hospital mortality from 4.51% to 1.24%(P < 0.01), which cirrhosis, systemic disease mortality decreased significantly, acute gastric mucosal lesions significantly increased(P < 0.01). Conclusion In the past 10 years, primary etiological analysis of UGIB was peptic ulcer, but the proportion had been declining. Reflux esophagitis is another important etiology of UGIB. With the increasing number of the elderly patients, acute gastric mucosal lesions bleeding due to NSAIDs and anticoagulation drugs increased.

Body composition between gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and health pregnant women

Li Li, Zhang Qian

2015, 36(6):  982-985.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.027

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Objective To analyze the difference of body composition between gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and health pregnant at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation. Methods Samples of 43 GDM women and 42 health pregnant women were collected as two groups, who have been registered in the medical documentation in Tongren Hospital during October 2013 to April 2014. Data such as weight, height and body mass index(BMI) in progestation,and the weight, body moisture, muscle mass, body fat mass and body fat rate during 24 to 28 weeks' gestation were collected and analyzed. Results There was no significant difference(P > 0.05) between two groups in pre-pregnancy weight and BMI, BMI during 24 to 28 weeks' gestation and BMI increased value. Compared to health group, the body moisture, muscle mass, body fat mass and body fat rate data of GDM group during 24 to 28 weeks' gestation was significantly higher(P < 0.05). Conclusion GDM women's body fat rate, body moisture were significantly higher than health women, which indicates that rigorous control of fat increase will help to prevent GDM occurrence.The monitoring of body composition change, especially the body moisture change, may help to diagnose pregnancy complication in early stage.

Tumor markers in the whole management of lung cancer patients

Zhi Xiuyi, Yao Shuyang

2015, 36(6):  986-991.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.028

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Lung cancer has the highest world-wide cancer mortality. Tumor markers(TM) are very useful in screening tests that aim to detect cancer early, even before there is any imaging evidence. The screening methods using TMs are noninvasive and simple for operation. They are useful to dynamically screen the disease. Tumor markers can be used to assess the response of a tumor to treatment and for prognosis. Owing to these advantages, TM are extensively used in the management of lung cancer patients. We reviewed the development of TM in the clinical field of lung cancer in recent years, especially in Chinese Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Lung Cancer(2015 Version).

Minimally invasive surgery to treat early lung cancer

Zhang Yi, Zhi Xiuyi

2015, 36(6):  992-997.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.029

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With the continuous development and maturity of video-assisted thoracoscopic technology, nearly 20 years of thoracoscopic operation has become the main mode of minimally invasive operation on early stage lung cancer. Studies show that for peripheral lung cancer less than 3 cm removed by video-assisted thoracoscopic(VATS) lobectomy, there were no significant differences in operation success rate, mortality, recurrence and survival, compared with conventional open surgeries, and operation time, postoperative complications, and 1 years survival rates had no significant differences. There were no significant differences between numbers of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes dissected among VATS and conventional surgery groups. Comparing thoracoscopic segmentectomy with thoracoscopic surgery in patients with small-sized( < 2 cm) stage Ia non-small cell lung cancer, no significant difference was observed in 5-year overall survival(79.9% vs 81.0%) or disease-free survivals(59.4% vs 64.2%). Recently Da Vinci robotic system for lobectomy became another new method of minimally invasive treatment for lung cancer.

Contributorship and authorship of co-authors in scientific and technological papers

Zhang Junmin, Wang Xiaomin

2015, 36(6):  998-1000.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.030

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As science and technology advance and many research projects are undertaken by researchers of multiple disciplines, publications by large number of authors are very often seen. However, the dishonorable behavior and the abuse of authorship and contributorship do exist in the publication of academic papers recently. Legal basis and rule of authorship, normal behavior of authorship and co-authorship are introduced in this paper. Adoption of author contribution statement provided with submission of a manuscript is a new method for authorship. The new method is expected to be accepted and used by academic editors and researchers, it is helpful to normalize the behavior of authors and editors, so that the academic corruption can be avoided.

How do the editors of science and technology periodicals handle the relationship with the authors

Chen Ruifang, Zhang Junmin

2015, 36(6):  1001-1003.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2015.06.031

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The final goal of establishing a good relationship between the editors of science and technology periodicals and the authors is to create high quality journals, and create a good working environment. The editors and the authors should be collaborative and depend on each other;Harmonious relationship can contribute to a dual wining situation. We think that the key point of handling this relationship is that there must be certain principles and the editors should do their best to help the authors sincerely.