Table of Content

21 November 2018, Volume 39 Issue 6

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Effects of Simplified Chaihu-Shugan Powder on regulating the 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in raphe nucleus of depressive rats

Gao Xuesong, Zhao Jingjie, Wang Yongzhi, Du Yi, Wang Anna, Zhang Yinfeng, Li Li

2018, 39(6):  793-797.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.001

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Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Simplified Chaihu-Shugan Powder(SCSP) on hydroxytryptamine and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in raphe nucleus of depressive rats. Methods Forty SD rats were divided into control group, model group, fluoxetine group, and SCSP group by randomized block design, with 10 rats in every group. Reserpine were intraperitoneal injected for 14 days to establish depressive models, and then the rats were seperatedly treated with the fluoxetine and SCSP. At the end of the experiment,behavioral experiments (sucrose preference test, forced swimming test) were performed to evaluate the depressive status. The contents 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in raphe nucleus were detected with high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). The contents of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) in raphe nucleus were detected with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Comparing to the control group, the body weight, weight gain, sucrose preference in model group decreased significantly (P<0.01), whilst the immobility time increased significantly (P<0.01). The contents of TPH2 and 5-HT in raphe nucleus decreased significantly (P<0.01) in model group. Comparing to the model group, the body weight, weight gain in SCSP group increased significantly (P<0.01), the sucrose preference increased (P<0.05), whilst the immobility time in SCSP group decreased significantly (P<0.01). The contents of TPH2 and 5-HT in raphe nucleus increased significantly (P<0.01) in fluoxetine and SCSP group. Conclusion SCSP showed anti-depression effect on the depressive rats caused by reserpine. It has same effect as fluoxetine. It could increase the content of TPH2 in raphe nucleus and promote the generation of 5-HT, which may be one of the mechanisms of anti-depression by SCSP.

Effect of Bu Shen Yi Sui Formula on promoting polarization of microglia to M2 in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Sun Hao, Zheng Hong, Ji Jing, Li Ming, Zhao Hui, Zhang Qiuxia, Qi Fang, Li Junling, Fan Yongping, Wang Lei

2018, 39(6):  798-804.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.002

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Objective To observe the effect of Bu Shen Yi Sui Formula (BSYS) on promoting the polarization of microglia to M2 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. Methods Eighty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control, model, prednisone acetate and BSYS group. The EAE model in mice were induced by myelin oligodendroglia glycoprotein (MOG) _35-55. Each mice was intragastrically administered by BSYS, and then the neurological function scores of the mice were recorded, the pathological changes in the brain and spinal cord of mice were observed by HE staining, the expressions of CD86 and Arg-1, M1 and M2 markers, in microglia were determined by immunofluorescence, and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) was detected with Western blotting. The expression of anti-inflammatory factor interferon-β (INF-β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the model group, the neurological function scores and the inflammatory cell infiltration scores of the mice in the BSYS group were significantly lower (P<0.05). The expression of CD86 was decreased in microglia (P<0.05), and Arg-1 was increased (P<0.05). The anti-inflammatory factors INF-β and TGF-β1 in brain tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05). PPAR-γ protein in brain tissue was also found to be significantly elevated (P<0.001). Conclusion BSYS showed neuroprotective effects on EAE mice, which may be related to up-regulation of PPAR-γ expression and promotion of microglia to M2 polarization.

Effects of citrus and pinellia on the levels of PI3K-Akt pathway, SOD, MDA, SA-sap-gal in atherosclerosis mice

Sun Yanan, Huang Xiaobo, Liang Wei, Chen Wenqiang

2018, 39(6):  805-809.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.003

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Objective To explore the mechanism of treating atherosclerosis with Citrus and Pinellia. Methods A total of 50 Klotho knockout mice were randomly divided into the normal group, the model group and the treatment group (high, medium and low dose group). The pathological changes of carotid artery were observed with HE staining. The plasma of malondialdehyde(mDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), senescence-associated beta-galactosidas (SA-β-gal) and the expression of PI3K and p-Akt was examined with immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the model group, the arterial intima in the Citrus and Pinellia group showed mild hyperplasia. Compared with the control group, the level of SOD increased significantly (P<0.01), while the content of MDA and SA-β-gal decreased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the decrease level of PI3K in the high and medium-dose treatment groups was statistically significant (P<0.01), P-Akt expression in the treated group was significantly lower than that in the model group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Citrus and Pinellia may regulate the levels of SOD, MDA and SA-β-gal through PI3K and p-Akt pathway, to delay senescence and treat atherosclerosis.

Antivirals therapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine effects on HBeAg seroconversion rate in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Geng Mingfan, Gao Fangyuan, Li Yuxin, Zhang Qun, Liu Yao, Wang Xianbo

2018, 39(6):  810-814.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.004

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Objective To investigate the effect of antivirals therapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine therapy on hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion rate in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Methods The 679 HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into the antiviral western medicine group (209 patients) and the Chinese and western medicine combination group (470 patients) according to whether or not they were treated with traditional Chinese medicine. The HBeAg seroconversion rate was observed after 1 year of treatment, and stratified sampling was applied to identify the dominant population of combined therapy. Results After 1 year of the treatment, the seroconversion rate of HBeAg in the antiviral western medicine group and the combined group was 11.5% and 12.8%, respectively, with P=0.66. The patients were scored with the scoring model that our group established in the early stage. For those patients with a score of 0-1 in the antiviral western medicine group and combined therapy group,HBeAg conversion rates were 2.6% and 8.1%, respectively, with P=0.04. Conclusion On the basis of antiviral treatment, combined Chinese medicine treatment can improve the HBeAg seroconversion rate of chronic hepatitis B patients with a score of 0-1.

Study on Wenshen Yangxue decoction to improve oocyte quality and embryonic development potential of old female rats

Xin Mingwei, He Junqin, Jia Zhaoxia, Wu Ying, Zhang Ying, Yang Wei, Yin Xiaodan

2018, 39(6):  815-820.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.005

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Objective To explore the mechanism of Wenshen Yangxue Decoction in improving oocyte quality and embryo development potential in older female rats.Methods Eight-month-old ICR mice were divided into control group, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) group, Wenshen decoction, Yangxue decoction and Wenshen Yangxue decoction according to random number table method. The fertilization rate and cleavage rate of every group after treatment were recorded, and the expression of mitochondria in oocyte and fertilized eggs were examined. Results The fertilization rate and cleavage rate of Wenshen Yangxue decoction, Wenshen decoction and Yangxue decoction were significantly higher than those of the control group and PMSG group (P<0.05). The fertilization rate and cleavage rate of Wenshe Yangxue decoction were the highest (P<0.05). The 2 cell rate, 4 cell rate, 8 cell rate, morula rate and blastocyst rate of Wenshen Yangxue decoction were higher than in the PMSG group (P<0.05). The mitochondrial DNA copy number in oocytes and fertilized eggs of Wenshen Yangxue decoction was the highest of the five groups, which was statistically significant compared with the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Wenshen Yangxue decoction may improve oocyte quality and embryo development potential by regulating oocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number.

Establishing traditional Chinese medicine pattern elements diagnostic scale of schizophrenia

Yin Dongqing, Huang Fang, Zhao Anquan, Wang Qunsong, MA Yanbing, Chen Jindong, Li Baojun, Du Hong, Jia Hongxiao

2018, 39(6):  821-827.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.006

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Objective To establish a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern element diagnostic scale of schizophrenia and promote the development of TCM syndrome standardization for schizophrenia. Methods The questionnaire of TCM pattern element of schizophrenia was designed, and TCM four diagnostic data from 302 schizophrenia cases were collected.The four diagnostic data were analyzed with occurrence frequency, the items of four diagnostic data with occurrence frequency>10% were retained. TCM pattern elements and the items of four diagnostic data were extracted based on factor analysis. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the items with different weight coefficient. Totally 302 schizophrenia cases were scored with these items. Then, TCM pattern elements diagnosed by TCM experts were set as variables(Y), the scores of TCM pattern elements obtained with the above items with different weight were set as variables (X), and diagnostic threshold was determined with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The TCM pattern element diagnostic scale for schizophrenia was established based on 302 schizophrenia cases.There were 10 pattern elements in the scale, including 8 TCM pattern elements of disease nature (fire-heat, Qi-deficiency, Qi-stagnation,Yin-deficiency, blood stasis,and Yang-deficiency) and 4 TCM pattern elements of disease location (Heart, Liver, Spleen, and Gallbladder). The total scale of every TCM pattern element diagnostic scale was 100, with diagnostic threshold as 60. Conclusion The establishment of TCM pattern elements diagnostic scale for schizophrenia will promote the standardization of TCM syndrome of schizophrenia.

Clinical features of adult-onset Still's disease with liver injury in traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine: analysis of 8 cases

Gou Chunyan, Li Li, Luo Xiaolan, Li Xiuhui

2018, 39(6):  828-832.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.007

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Objective To summarize the clinical features of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) with liver injury in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine. Methods The clinical data from 8 patients with AOSD and liver injury from 2013 to 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed, which included the demographic data, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and TCM syndrome types. Results The 8 patients all presented fever, jaundice, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly and liver dysfunction (which was similar to acute liver injury). Five cases were with severe liver injury, 2 of which progressed into acute liver failure. The TCM syndrome of all 8 cases belonged to yang jaundice. Seven cases presented more damp than fever, while 2 cases presented more fever than damp. The combined treatment of the western medicine and the herbal enema was applied in the early stage of disease. Conclusion AOSD with liver injury is caused by damp and fever which leads to yang jaundice. Early combined therapy of western medicine and TCM might help the patients recover quickly.

Standard for clinical diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for multiple sclerosis/neuromyelitis optica

Brain Disease Professional Committee, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Association

2018, 39(6):  833-835.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.008

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are central nervous system demyelination disease. The treatment with traditional Chinese medicine can improve nerve function defect and prevent from recurrence. Up to date, there is no standard for the traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment and specification. After questionnaire survey and comprehensive discussions, experts from the brain disease branch of Beijing Chinese medical association summarized and reviewed the traditional Chinese medicine disease diagnosis, syndrome diagnosis and syndrome differentiation treatment of MS and NMO, sorted out and standardized the specific treatment methods and medication.Finally the MS/NMO diagnosis and treatment standard was established. We hope that the MS/NMO patient will receive a standard treatment of traditional Chinese medicine with the standard of diagnosis and treatment applied.

Epidemiological characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus infection during pregnancy and the correlation between the high-risk human papillomavirus infection and the pregnancy outcomes

Huang Wenyang, He Xin, Li Weihua, Zhang Xuefang, Li Zhan, Gu Li, Lu Junli, Wang Shuzhen

2018, 39(6):  836-840.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.009

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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) in pregnant women during pregnancy and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. Methods From March 2013 to December 2017, a total of 3 967 pregnant women who established maternal health records and received HR-HPV examinations,1:3 paired non-pregnant women of the same age and the same period,were selected to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HR-HPV infection during pregnancy by parallel controlled study, and to investigate the impact of HR-HPV infection on pregnancy outcome by Cohort study. Results The total infection rate, multiple mixed infection and high viral load of HR-HPV in pregnant women were lower than those in non-pregnant women (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the HR-HPV infection rate and age in pregnant women.For pregnant women with HR-HPV infection,the incidence of oligohydramnios increased while the incidence of acute labor decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion HR-HPV infection during the pregnancy does not increase the risk of other adverse pregnancy outcomes except for oligohydramnios. The rate and severity of HR-HPV infection in the pregnancy women were lower than that in non-pregnancy women, which is inconsistent with most international data. It may be related to the significant decline in the sexual activities frequency of Chinese pregnant women.

A Meta-analysis of the relationship between cervical high-risk HPV infection and vaginal microecology in Chinese women

Zhang Xuefang, He Xin, Huang Wenyang, Li Weihua, Luo Mei, Zhang Yang, Wang Shuzhen

2018, 39(6):  841-848.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.010

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Objective To conduct a comprehensive and systematic review concerning the relationship between cervical high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and vaginal microecology, as there are inconsistent conclusions about epidemiological studies among Chinese women. Methods CNKI, Wanfang, Pubmed and other databases were retrieved. The correlation between cervical HR-HPV infection and vaginal microecology in Chinese female was collected by literature retrospective method. The original literatures of case-control studies were collected. The infection rates of HR-HPV and trichomonal vaginitis (TV), bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and lactobacillus abnormalities were evaluated according to the original data in the literature. Stata 14.0 software was used to analyze the data, and Egger's test was used to evaluate the publication bias. Results A total of 20 literatures and 20 case-control studies were included. The results showed that cervical HR-HPV infection was associated with BV, VVC and lactobacillus abnormalities in Chinese women. The odds ratios (ORs) were 2.23[95% confidence interval (CI):0.99-2.13], 1.55 (95% CI:1.12-2.12) and 3.55 (95% CI:2.21-5.71), respectively. It is statistically significant and has no publication bias. The association between HR-HPV infection and TV remains to be discussed. The combined OR value was 1.45 (95% CI:0.99-2.13), but there was no statistical significance and had publication bias. Conclusion Cervical HR-HPV infection is closely related to vaginal microecology. BV, VVC and lactobacillus abnormalities are high-risk factors for cervical HR-HPV infection.

Prevalent HPV 16 and 18 infection and vaginal microbiota in initial screening women

Luo Mei, He Xin, Liu Jun, Zhang Xuefang, Zhang Jianxin, Wang Qiuxi, Wang Shuzhen, Diao Xiaoli, Qu Jiuxin

2018, 39(6):  849-857.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.011

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Objective To evaluate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, 18 and the vaginal microbiome. Methods Totally 78 women who underwent initial HPV screening in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between January and June in 2016 were recruited into this study. Vaginal bacterial composition was characterized by deep sequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA gene fragments (V4) on Illumina MiSeq and HPV was identified using the Shanghai ZJ Bio-tech Array © HPV genotyping test. The exact Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between community state types (CSTs) of vaginal microbiota and HR-HPV infection, weighted UniFrac distances were used to compare the vaginal microbiota of individuals with prevalent HR-HPV to those without prevalent HR-HPV infection, and the Linear Discriminant Analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm was applied to characterize bacteria associated with prevalent HR-HPV infection. Results Three CSTs were observed:CST IV with a low relative abundance of low Lactobacillus spp. in 65.4% of participants; CST Ⅲ(dominated by L. iners) in 32.1%; CST V(dominated by L. jensenii) in 2.6%; LEfSe analysis suggested an association between the prevalent HPV-16 infection and the decreased abundance of Lactobacillus spp. with increased abundance of anaerobes particularly of the genera Streptococcus agalactiae which were only found in HPV-16 positive women (P<0.05). A predominance of Lactobacillus spp. was still present in HPV-18 positive women with depletion of strictly anaerobic species. ConclusionHPV-16 infection was associated with the composition and abundance of vaginal microflora and Streptococcus agalactiae can be the specific bacterial taxa of HPV-16 positive women, Further studies were needed to confirm these finding.

Cervical pathological features in cytological-negative/HPV-positive women

Liu Jun, Zhang Xuefang, Luo Mei, Zhang Yang, Wang Qiuxi, Zhang Jianxin, Wang Shuzhen

2018, 39(6):  858-863.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.012

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Objective To evaluate the cervical pathological features of cytological negative(Pap-)/high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV+) positive women.Methods This study recruited 1 128 women aged 20-79 years who had undergone cervical screening by liquid-based cytology and HR-HPV test (13 HR-HPV types) at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital during Jan 2014 to Dec 2015. Colposcopy and cervical biopsy were carried out in 506 women. Results The prevalence of HPV in Pap negative/HPV positive (Pap-/HPV+) women was different from that of all HPV positive population at the same time, and the proportion of HPV-16 was higher. Pathological features:506 patients received colposcopic biopsy, 247 cases (50.19%) were diagnosed as HSIL, while 7 patients were diagnosed as invasive cervical cancer. The incidence of HSIL was related to the age. The younger, the higher risk of HSIL. There was a significant negative correlation between the age and the rate (r=-0.254, P=0.000). HSIL incidence was associated with different types of HPV infection, with HPV-16 being the highest (64.7%). Compared with the control group, women infected by HPV-16, 18,31,33,52 and 58 in the Pap-/HPV+increased significantly the risk of HSIL lesions. Conclusion Overall, 50.19% of Pap-/HPV+women had significant cervical lesions. Pap-/HPV+women showed different epidemiological characteristics in HPV and were at high risk of HSIL lesions.

Analysis of the regression of high-risk human papillomavirus and related factors in the patients after hysterectomy for high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in early stage

Zhang Yang, Luo Mei, He Xin, Jiang Ying, Li Weihua, Zhang Xuefang, Wang Shuzhen

2018, 39(6):  864-870.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.013

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Objective To investigate the regression of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and related factors in vaginal stump after hysterectomy for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and cervical cancer in early stage. Methods A retrospective cohort study included data from patients with hysterectomy for HSIL and cervical cancer in early stage at the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2018. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the virus regression time and related factors, and obtained the virus regression curve. Cox proportional hazard regression model was performed to obtain the factors affecting time of the virus regression. Results A total of 276 patients were enrolled, including 85 patients with HSIL (30.8%) and 191 patients with cervical cancer in early stage (69.2%). The average age of all was (49.43±9.80)years. There were 208 patients (94.9%) appeared positive HR-HPV test before operation. The HPV regression rates of patients with HSIL and cervical cancer were respectively 78.4% and 94.1% during 2 years after operation. There was a statistical difference between the time of viral regression and the main diagnosis of HSIL or cervical cancer(P=0.040), but not the age and the mixed infection of multiple subtypes. The regression curve of the virus in vaginal stump suggested that the virus disappeared rapidly in a short term after operation, and the rate was considerably slowed down after a certain time. The corresponding time points of HSIL and cervical cancer patients were 15 months and 13 months, respectively. Also the time of regression varied between the different types. A small number of patients still had persistent infection with the same subtype. However, the affecting factors are still inconclusive. The factors affecting the regression time were the patient's blood type (P=0.025), family history (P=0.007), and body mass index (BMI) grade (P=0.003). Conclusion Patients with hysterectomy due to cervical factors have a higher rate of HR-HPV regression. There is a risk of persistent infection, recurrence of lesions and vaginal lesions progression in patients without HPV regression for a long time after operation. However, the affecting factors are still inconclusive, further research is needed to determine the affecting factors.

Rapeutic effect of MCC950 on monocrotaline induced rat pulmonary arterial hypertension and mechanism

Qi Xianmei, Wang Lei, Zhang Ruiheng, Liu Ting, Liu Jie, Yang Ting, Wang Jun, Zhang Zhifei, Wang Chen

2018, 39(6):  871-876.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.014

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Objective To explore the effect of MCC950, selective inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, on the development of pulmonary hypertension. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups:control group, monocrotaline (MCT) group and MCT+MCC950 group. The right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), the index of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVHI) and lung morphological feature were assessed. The level of NLRP3, IL-1β and other molecular in lung were assessed by Western blotting and RT-PCR. Results The RVSP, RVHI and the remodeling of the small arteries in the MCT group were significantly higher than control group[(50.72±3.65)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs (24.29±1.28)mmHg, P=0.000] and (0.29±0.01 vs 0.61±0.04, P=0.000); while decreased after using MCC950 compared with MCT group[(34.19±1.94)mmHg vs (50.72±3.65)mmHg, P<0.01] and (0.48±0.03 vs 0.61±0.04, P<0.01). The protein expression level and the transcription of NLRP3, IL-1β and other molecular in lung of MCT group were increased. The administration of MCC950 decreased the protein expression level and the transcription of NLRP3, IL-1β and other molecular compared to MCT group. Conclusion MCC950 may attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling and delaying the process of pulmonary hypertension by inhibit NLRP3 signaling pathway, which has the potential value of use in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

Divergent distribution of dopamine receptors in tumor β-cell lines and in situ

Li Ji, Li Guangwen, Zhang Yue, Zhu Jinxia

2018, 39(6):  877-882.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.015

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Objective To investigate distribution of dopamine (DA) receptors in rat pancreatic tissue and β-cells lines (INS-1 and HIT-T15 cells) and further the endocrine function of INS-1 cell. Methods Double-labeled immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the differential distribution of dopamine receptors and immunofluorescence of insulin and glucagon between in rat pancreatic tissue and tumor β-cell lines. The insulin and glucagon content in the supernatant of INS-1 cell line was detected by radioimmunoassay to observe the changes of endocrine function. Results In rat pancreatic tissue, DA receptors D1, D2, and D5 were distributed in the β-cells, δ-cells, and α-cells, PP-cells, respectively, that is, β-cells expressed only D1 receptors. However, not only D1, but also D2 and D5 were distributed in the INS-1 and HIT-T15 β-cell lines. Insulin and glucagon immunoreactivities were simultaneously expressed in the β-cell lines. Furthermore, both the insulin and glucagon were detected in the supernatant of INS-1 β-cell line. Conclusion The present study for the first time demonstrated that the distribution of DA receptors and endocrine function in β-cell lines are different from that in situ.

Assessing stiffness of carotid artery via two-dimensional speckle-tracking in mice

Xu Qing, Liu Lina, Song Yanting, Qu Aijuan

2018, 39(6):  883-888.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.016

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Objective To explore a novel non-invasive method for the assessment of carotid artery stiffness by advanced speckle tracking algorithms by high-resolution ultrasound in mice. Methods Six 8-week-old C57B1/6J male mice and six 60-week-old Apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE^-/-) were subjected to t ultrasound scan imaging through the Vevo 2100 with the MS-700 at a center frequency of 50MHz. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), mean diameter, mean area, area percent spread, diameter percent spread, distensibility, pulse wave velocity and global radial strain were quantified to evaluate the stiffness of the carotid artery wall in mice. Results Compared with C57 mice, ApoE^-/- mice had increased IMT[(0.05±0.01)mm vs (0.02±0.01)mm] but decreased area percent spread[(49.64±5.69)% vs (34.33±5.92)%], diameter percent spread[(25.21±3.04)% vs (17.33±3.14)%] and distensibility[(100.49±12.40)MPa^-1 vs (59.87±21.22)MPa^-1]. The pulse wave velocity was increased[(1.90±0.37)m/s vs (3.09±0.23)m/s], the global radial strain was reduced[(66.97±10.28)% vs (41.64±8.51)%] in ApoE^-/- mice. The difference was statistically significant (n=6, P<0.05). Conclusion Our study suggested that the two-dimensional speckle tracking technology was feasible for evaluating the stiffness of carotid artery wall in mice, thus providing a novel non-invasive method for the vessel stiffness assessment in rodents.

Combined with self-rating scales and cognitive task to measure depression tendency of medical students

Wang Peipei, Mo Shaohua, Ma Xinyu, Zhang Jialing, Xu Zhiqing, Wang Jing

2018, 39(6):  889-893.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.017

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Objective To study the correlation between the subjective self-rating scale of depression and the objective cognitive task monitoring method, and to provide a more accurate and effective method to improve the screening rate of depression in medical students. Methods Thirty-one students from Capital Medical University were recruited; the method of self-rated scale combined with objective task measurement was used. After completing questionnaires including Beck depression inventory (BDI), self-rating depression scale(SDS) and depression adjective checklist(DACL), students were required to perform emotional Stroop experiment immediately. Results The results of the scales indicated:the scores of BDI,SDS and DACL were 7.57±9.36, 37.27±5.23, 28.27±11.63, respectively. The results showed that there was a tendency to depression in medical students, according to the results of the questionnaires, the rate of depression of BDI was 53%, the overall trend of the selected scales was positively correlated, among them SDS and DACL, BDI and DACL were significantly correlated (r=0.44, P<0.05; r=0.36, P<0.05). The results of the emotional stroop task showed that the response times to the positive vocabulary in the normal group (Beck ≤ 4 points) and the proneness to depression (Beck ≥ 5 points) were 485 ms and 561 ms, respectively; the response times to the neutral vocabulary were 545 ms and 606 ms; the response times to negative vocabulary were 530 ms and 603 ms, respectively. Relative to the neutral vocabulary, subjects' response time to emotional vocabulary prolonged. The self-rating scale and objective cognitive tasks have certain extend of correlation. Conclusion The combination of the self-rating scale and objective task measurement will help medical colleges to screen depressive medical students more effectively. This provides a prerequisite for further depressive intervention.

Evaluation of disinfection efficacy of levulinic acid plus sodium dodecyl sulfate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and safety assessment in toxicology

Lyu Xiali, Li Zihui, Pan Liping, Jia Hongyan, Zhang Zongde, Liu Yang

2018, 39(6):  894-899.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.018

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Objective To investigate the germicidal efficacy of levulinic acid plus sodium dodecyl sulfate (LVA-SDS) for H37Rv strain and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates and to assess the toxicologic safety of LVA-SDS in practical application. Methods According to the 2002 edition of the Technical Specification for Disinfection, suspension quantitative germicidal test and animal experiment methods were respectively used to evaluate the germicidal efficacy of LVA-SDS for H37Rv and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and the toxicologic safety of LVA-SDS. Results The average killing logarithm values of 20%LVA+2%SDS for H37Rv or multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were respectively>5.00. The maximum of the inactivation of the disinfectant on the acute toxicity test was LD₅₀>5 000 mg·kg^-1. Cumulative coefficient K>5. No erythema and edema were found in skin irritation, and the skin irritation index was<0.5. Conclusion LVA-SDS has high efficacy for killing H37Rv and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with actually non-toxic grade, and no cumulative toxicity and no skin stimulation. Therefore, LVA-SDS is a safe disinfectant for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has strong practical application value.

Experimental study on a novel rabbit model of giant ventral hernia and intra-abdominal hypertension

Zou Zhenyu, Yang Shuo, Wang Minggang, Cao Jinxin, Zhong Xingxia, Shen Yingmo, Chen Jie

2018, 39(6):  900-904.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.019

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Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing the animal model of giant ventral hernia and intra-abdominal hypertension in New Zealand rabbits. Methods The muscular tissue and peritoneum was resected and the defect with diameter about 3 cm was constructed. The intra-abdominal pressure was increased with induction of constipation due to lack of water during perioperative period. The hernia establishment was monitored with measurement of the volume of hernia sac by ultrasound. Reoperation was performed to measure the intra-abdominal pressure. The hernia sac was dissected to confirm the presence of the hernia ring. The hernia repair surgery with biological mesh was performed, and the intra-abdominal pressure was measured again for the comparison. Results The abdominal reducible bulge beside the incision was formed during 3 to 18 days after operation. The average maximum diameter of the bulge was (8.73 ±1.00)cm. The average diameter of the hernia defect was about (2.58 ±0.52)cm. The intra-abdominal pressure increased significantly after the repair surgery[(13.93 ±1.61)cmH₂O (1 cmH₂O=0.098 kPa)vs (4.66 ±1.34)cmH₂O, P<0.01]. Conclusion It is simple and feasible to establish the animal model of giant ventral hernia and intra-abdominal hypertension in rabbits with the method explored above mentioned, which is a reliable animal model for the clinical study of giant ventral hernia.

Analysis of the functional impact of the rs12899798 single nucleotide polymorphism in human α7 nicotinic receptor by two-electrode voltage-clamp

Xue Fenqin, Xue Bing

2018, 39(6):  905-909.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.020

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Objective To test the impact of a miss-sense mutation (W55G) on the α7 nicotinic receptor nAChR(α7) function. Methods The receptor function in Xenopus oocytes was tested with two-electrode voltage-clamp. The cDNAs encoding human wild type nAChR α7 subunit was cloned into pGEMHE vector with T7 orientation. W55G mutation was made with the PCR-based quick change method of the site-directed mutagenesis. The cRNAs were transcribed by standard in vitro transcription using T7 RNA polymerase, and then they were injected into oocytes with a Nanoject micro-injection system. 1 to 3 days after injection, the oocytes expressing wild type or the mutant receptor were voltage-clamped at -60 mV to measure agonist-induced currents using a GeneClamp 500B amplifier. Results Our results revealed that W55G mutant exhibited a-6 folds decrease of the acetylcholine sensitivity but with several fold increase in the maximal current. Furthermore, the W55G showed a-3 folds reduction of the choline sensitivity. In addition, the W55G mutant showed significantly larger time constants, suggesting the slower current desensitization rate. Conclusion The reduced sensitivity of the receptor to its neurotransmitter and slowed desensitization rate might reshape the postsynaptic response, implying potential impact on nAChR α7-mediated brain disorder.

Neural cell differentiation in the brain of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 transgenic mouse

Zhang He, Gou Rongbin, Niu Hanxu, Sun Xiaohong, Xu Qunyuan, Duan Deyi

2018, 39(6):  910-916.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.021

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Objective To explore the neuronal and glial differentiation in the brain of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) transgenic mouse in which the gene was driven by a neuron-specific promoter platelet derived growth factor-β(PDGF-β). Methods The integrated expression cassette of PDGF-β promoter and IGFBP4 cDNA was identified using PCR and DNA sequencing. The proportion of oligodendrocyte precursors in the hippocampus was estimated via Isotropic Fractionator. Semi-quantitative analysis of neuronal and glial differentiation, IGF-IR pathway activation, and cell survival-related molecules in the hippocampus at postnatal day 28 was conducted by Western blotting. Animal behavior was assessed using Rotarod test. Results PDGF-β promoter and IGFBP4 cDNA were stably integrated in the transgenic mouse genome. The number of oligodendrocyte precursors and expression levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the hippocampus were significantly increased, neuronal and astrocytic markers NeuN and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were not significantly changed in the brain of P28 transgenic mice. Phosphorylation levels of Erk1, 2 and Akt were significantly elevated while p38 activation remained unchangeable. Caspase-3 expression was significantly down-regulated, β-catenin and Bcl-2 levels were not changed. Animal movement on Rotarod was significantly improved, and NeuN expression in the cerebellum and cortex was significantly increased in the transgenic mouse at postnatal month 12. Conclusion Over-expression of IGFBP4 in neurons promoted oligodendrocytic and neuronal differentiation in the brain of the transgenic mice.

Analysis on the subject development of stomatology in colleges and universities based on InCities—a case study of Capital Medical University

Xu Jin, Li Yanqiong, Liu Yuting, Huang Fang

2018, 39(6):  917-927.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.022

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Objective From the Incites database, the papers of Department of Stomatology, Capital Medical University (CCMU) and other domestic universities were compared to analyze the development of the discipline of stomatology and propose suggestions for improvement. Methods The competition agencies selected some of the schools that participated in the fourth round of disciplinary assessments by the Ministry of Education.Using InCites database,we will analyze the numbers,citations,percentage of citations,Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI),H index,and co-operation status,key words of CCMU Web of Science articles. Results The research found that the number of papers on stomatology in Capital Medical University grows smoothly. There were no high level papers in stomatology, but the percentages of the top 10% and the top 1% were the first. In terms of the distribution of the paper, the institutions of high contribution to the number of oral medicine and the highly cited institutions are all Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University; Basic Medical Colleges, Capital Medical University; Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University. The authors of the top ten publications and the cited frequency of stomatology are all concentrated in Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, and the role of their academic leaders is obvious. The main contributors to the analysis are Professor Bai Yuxing's team. After the analysis of key words, caries inhibition, human saliva microcosm biofilm calcium phosphate nanoparticles, protein repellent, periodontitis, are the hot spots in the Capital Medical University. Conclusion To promote the first-class disciplines construction,Capital Medical University needs to strengthen discipline layout,to enhance academic influence,to pay more attention to the quality of the articles,to encourage teachers to get high-level papers published,to participate in international cooperation and to expand international academic influence,and take into account academic cooperation and academic impact assessment when evaluating introduction of academic talents.

Meta-analysis of the effect of the correction of deviation of the nasal septum in patients with allergic rhinitis

Xu Qingqing, Duan Su, Wang Xiangdong, Zhang Luo

2018, 39(6):  928-932.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.023

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Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of endoscopic nasal septum surgery on perennial allergic rhinitis patients with nasal septum deviation by the method of Meta analysis. Methods Allergic rhinitis on endoscopic nasal septum surgery treatment with nasal septum deviation the Cochrane searched PubMed database, The Cochrance Library database, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) database and Baidu academic pool total randomized clinical test (RCT), a systematic description and analysis Meta to meet the requirements of RCT. Results Eight RCT were finally included. A total of 774 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results of Meta analysis showed that compared with the control group, the clinical efficacy of the nasal septum correction group was significantly higher than that of the control group (Z=5.47, P<0.01, OR=5.89, 95%CI:3.12~11.12); the clinical curative effect of nasal septum surgery after 6 months in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control effect (Z=3.39, P<0.01, OR=5.49, 95%CI:2.05~14.07); nasal resistance results show that the correction of nasal septum surgery group was significantly lower than the control group (Z=31.08, P<0.01, OR=-0.28, 95% CI:-0.30~-0.26). Conclusion Compared with conservative treatment, endoscopic correction of nasal septum deviation can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis with nasal septum deviation. The curative effect is definite, but the long-term effect is worth further study.

Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery assisted with intra-aortic balloon pump in the surgical treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy

Fang Ying, Wei Hua, Wu Zhen, Song Wei, Gu Chengxiong

2018, 39(6):  933-936.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.024

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Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OPCAB) assisted with intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in the surgical treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data collected from 72 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, who were operated on the OPCAB surgery assisted with IABP from January 2012 to December 2017 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. Results All patients accepted the OPCAB surgery under the assist of IAPB successfully. The average bypass grafts were 3.8±1.2, forty (55.5%) cases, experienced arrhythmias during the surgery and thirty-six got better after dealing with nitroglycerin and lidocaine. All patients were discharged from hospital after recovery, with an average IABP auxiliary time of (29.4±18.3)h. Sixty-three patients were followed-up for 0.5 to 1 year. The mean left ventricular ejection fractions increased significantly (0.45±0.08 vs 0.33±0.05, P<0.05), while mean left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased remarkably[(52.3±7.9)mm vs (63.5±8.7)mm, P<0.05]. Conclusion Our study showed that the OPCAB surgery assisted with IABP is an effective and relatively safe surgical treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Gene mutations and clinical phenotypes in three families with short stature and brachydactyly and review of literature

Hu Xuyun, Wu Di, Li Mengting, Chen Jiajia, Li Xiaoqiao, Su Chang, Chen Shaoke, Shen Yiping, Gong Chunxiu

2018, 39(6):  937-944.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.025

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Objective To evaluate the clinical phenotypes and genetic variations of three Chinese patients with familial short stature and brachydactyly. Methods Three patients with short stature and brachydactyly from Beijing Children's Hospital were molecularly confirmed with specific subtypes of brachydactyly via next generation sequencing. Their parents were also sequenced for segregation information. Growth hormone therapy was initiated after diagnosis. Results c.283_285delGAG/p.E95del in IHH, c.2625dupC/p.T876fs*20 in ROR2 or c.413delA/p.K138fs*11 in PTHLH was identified in every family, thus the patients from these three families were diagnosed as brachydactyly A1, brachydactyly B1 and brachydactyly E2, respectively. After growth hormone therapy, the heights of three patients were significantly improved (+0.99 SD,+0.64 SD and+2.69 SD respectively). Conclusion The genetic heterogeneity of brachydactyly combined with short stature can be uncovered by next generation sequencing. In this study, we reported two novel pathogenic variants in ROR2 and PTHLH genes, as well a previously reported IHH hotspot mutation which was identified in Chinese population for the first time. Growth hormone therapy was effective for all three patients.

Analysis of clinical features and cross-sectional echocardiography of lone atrial fibrillation and non-lone atrial fibrillation patients

Cheng Liting, Gao Jiale, Yuan Linhao, Wu Yongquan

2018, 39(6):  945-949.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.026

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Objective To explore the clinical features and transthoracic echocardiography results between lone atrial fibrillation and non-lone atrial fibrillation. Methods A total of 159 patients under 60 years old with atrial fibrillation who were admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2016 to January 2018 were retrospectively collected. According to the existence of cardiopulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus etc or not, patients were divided into lone atrial fibrillation group and non-lone atrial fibrillation group. According to whether male patients has a left atrium larger than 4.0 cm and female patients has a left atrium larger than 3.8 cm, lone atrial fibrillation group was further divided into normal left atrial group and left atrial dilated group to explore the clinical features and transthoracic echocardiography results between lone atrial fibrillation and non-lone atrial fibrillation and analysis the result with binary Logistic regression analysis. Results Lone atrial fibrillation compared with non-lone atrial fibrillation group, there were significant differences in the incidence of stroke, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end systolic diameter and left anteroposterior diameter (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in age, sex, and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there was no significant difference in stroke events between the two groups (OR:3.781, 95% CI:0.832-17.179, P=0.085). There were significant differences in age, left ventricular end diastolic diameter and left ventricular end systolic diameter (P<0.05) in left atrial enlargement group and left atrial normal group in patients with lone atrial fibrillation. There were no significant differences in sex, body mass index, smoking history, drinking history, history of cerebral apoplexy, left ventricular ejection fraction, right ventricular diameter, atrial fibrillation duration and ascending aorta diameter (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the age difference between the two groups was statistically significant (OR:1.176, 95% CI:1.007-1.372, P=0.040). Conclusion Patients with lone atrial fibrillation have a small left atrial diameter and low risk of stroke but there was no significant difference in stroke events after correction. The incidence of male patients with lone atrial fibrillation is relatively high, and left atrial diameter is correlated with the age of the patients there is no significant relationship between left atrial diameter and stroke incidents.

Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: angiographic features and treatment outcome

Ma Xiangke, Yang Yang

2018, 39(6):  950-954.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.027

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Objective To evaluate safety and efficacy profiles of intracranial aneurysms treated with endovascular techniques. Methods We searched our characteristics of intracranial aneurysms prospectively maintained database of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University and identified 91 patients treated with endovascular treatment between the years 2011 and 2016. The patients' angiographic outcomes, clinical outcomes and perioperative complications were reviewed retrospectively. Cox regression analysis were applied to determine the risk factors for aneurysms recurrence and the predictors for clinical outcomes. Results We studied these patients who included 55 females and 36 males with a mean age of (45.9±11.1) years. There were 58 ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Of them, Hunt-Hess Ⅲ-Ⅴ in 9 patients. In 48 aneurysms, the treatment was attempted with coiling alone. Stent-assisted technique (SAT) was in 15 patients and balloon remodeling technique (BRT) in 18 patients. In the follow-up angiography, recurrences rate was observed in 13.2% of the cases. According to Cox regression analysis, size of aneurysm, neck size and ruptured status were independently associated with increased risk of aneurysm recurrence. Good functional outcome was achieved in 87.9%. High Hunt-Hess grade at admission was independent predictors of poor functional outcome in the multivariate analysis. However, 12 patients had procedure-related complications. Conclusion The endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms is feasible and has a good clinical outcome. Size of aneurysm, neck size and ruptured status were independently associated with increased risk of aneurysm recurrence. However, patient with high Hunt-Hess grade aneurysms, morbidity and mortality rates remain high.

Investigation on the status of hearing loss and its influencing factors in civilian pilots

Hu Mosheng, Zhang Hua, Wang Lei, Yang Xiuyun, Ma Fengjie, Qin Caihong, Bai Yin

2018, 39(6):  955-960.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2018.06.028

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Objective Study on the status of hearing loss and its influencing factors in civilian pilots subjects. Methods The medical data of 1 423 pilots who were diagnosed as "hearing loss" by Civil Aviation Administration of China(CAAC) class Ⅰ physical examination was adopted in cluster sampling. The air-conduction threshold between ears and frequencies were compared and the types and severity of hearing loss were analyzed. The total flight time was taken as independent variable, and the speech and high frequency thresholds were used as dependent variables for curve fitting, respectively. Results Island-like shape hearing loss (Group A):496 cases(34.86%),high frequency hearing loss (Group B):523 cases(36.75%), speech frequency hearing loss (Group C):67 cases(4.71%),full frequency hearing loss (Group D):337 cases(23.68%). There were 2 severe, 7 moderate, 217 mild hearing loss in left and 5 severe, 12 moderate, 220 mild hearing loss in right; 6 000 Hz hearing loss was the most significant; Group D subjects was the oldest and had the longest total flying time. Multiple comparisons showed that the values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in group D and group C were relatively low. The slope of high frequency thresholds fitting curve was much steeper. Conclusion The overall hearing level of the subjects was high, hearing loss was the severest at 6 000 Hz and related to age and ambient noise. HDL-C may be a protective factor for auditory function. It is necessary to carry out multidisciplinary collaborative prevention for pilot population.