Table of Content

24 August 2005, Volume 26 Issue 4

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专题报道

A Study of the Relationship between Polymorphism of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion and Intracranial Aneurysm

Yu Shuqing;Zhao Jizong;Zhang Dong;Bi Zhiyong;Kang Shuai

2005, 26(4):  380-382. 

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Objective To explore the relationship between ACE gene polymorphism and intracranial aneurysms.Methods To compare the allele gene and genotype frequency of this insertion and deletion polymorphism in the 16 intron of ACE gene in 87 patients with intracranial saccular aneurysms (aneurysm group) and 108 healthy volunteers (control group) by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing.Results The frequency of insertion and deletion genotype ( I/D ) in aneurysm group was significantly higher than that in control group( P =0.008); The frequency of deletion genotype (D/D) in aneurysm group was significantly lower than that in control group( P =0.04).Conclusion The ACE gene insertion and deletion (I/D)and deletion (D/D)polymorphism in the locus of 16 intron in Hans may be correlated with the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms.

Cinical Characters and Keyhole Surgery of Cingulate Gyrus Gliomas

Zhang Wei;Qi Wei;Zhang Maozhi;Li Jianhua;Wang Lei;Wang Rong

2005, 26(4):  383-385. 

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Objective To summarize and analyse the clinical characters and keyhole surgery results of cingulate gyrus gliomas.Methods The clinical manifestations, radiological findings and pathological characters of 31 cases of cingulate gyrus admitted from January 2001 to December 2003 were studied retrospectively. All cases were operated by keyhole trans-longitudinal fissure approach. The surgical results was analyzed.Results Seizure occurred as an initial symptom in all of the 31 case. The tumors grew exactly within the cingulate gyrus; And all cases were demonstrated as low-grade gliomas by pathological examination (WHO Ⅱ). Among them, 25 cases were removed totally and 6 were subtotally. Seizure free were achieved in all cases. 3 cases presented transient contralateral limb paralysis. There was no mortality and recurrence during follow-up of mean 26 months.Conclusion Seizures as the initial manifestation, growing locally within the cingulate gyrus and low-grade glioma pathologically are the main clinical characters of cingulate gyrus gliomas. The keyhole trans-longitudinal fissure approach is a minimally invasive and practical way in the treatment of cingulate gyrus gliomas.

Cooperation of Mesencephalotomy and Bilateral Anterior Cingulotomy for the Treatment of Central Pain

Hu Yongsheng;Li Yongjie;Shi Changqing;Zhang Yuqing;Ma Kai;Zhang Xiaohua;Zhu Hongwei

2005, 26(4):  386-388. 

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Objective A study on the cooperation of mesencephalotomy and bilateral anterior cingulotomy for the treatment of central pain.Methods Six patients with central pain including 3 cases of thalamus or pontine infarction, 2 cases of thalamus haemorrhage, 1 cases of spinal cord injure, were treated using the cooperation of mesencephalotomy and bilateral anterior cingulotomy. The visual analog scale (VAS) and the McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) were used for preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the pain status of each patient. Statistical analyses were conducted using paired-samples t test.Results The short-term (3 months) follow-up results indicated a significant reduction in patients' pain scales( P <0.01). In the long-term follow-up period, pain recurred in 1 patient treated in 13 weeks. Other 5 patients had excellent pain relieving effect in 6 months after operation. There were no serious complication and surgery-related mortality.Conclusion The cooperation of mesencephalotomy and bilateral anterior cingulotomy is a effective means for relieving central pain.

专题报道

A Study on the Relationship between the Expression of Integrin αVβ3 and the Malignant Degree of Human Gliomas

Meng Guolu;Zhao Jizong;Zhang Maozhi;Wang Shuo;Li Hongli;Xu Yulun

2005, 26(4):  389-391. 

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Objective To observe the expression of integrin αVβ3 in glioma and normal brain tissue and to discuss the effect of integrin αVβ3 on the invasion of gliomas.Methods 48 cases of glioma were verified by pathological study, including 22 cases of grade Ⅱ, 12 cases of grade Ⅲ, and 14 cases of grade Ⅳ. 13 cases of normal brain tissues were obtained from the removed brain tissues of patients who were injured. Antibody of integrin αVβ3 was used to stain glioma and normal brain tissues.Results In brain tissues, low grade gliomas and high grade gliomas, the expression of integrin αVβ3 became more and more stronger and there was statistical significance too.Conclusion Expression of integrin αVβ3 has a positive correlation with the malignant degree of gliomas. Integrins has a great effect in the development and invasion of gliomas.

Screening the Various Expression of Apoptosis Related Genes between Glioblastoma and Normal Brain Tissue with cDNA Microarray

Xiao Xinru;Zhao Jizong;Zhang Maozhi

2005, 26(4):  392-396. 

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Objective To Screen the various expression of apoptosis related genes between glioblastomas and normal brain tissue with cDNA microarray.Methods Totally 12 tumor samples and 8 normal brain tissues were used in the experiments. Tumor samples were obtained from the patients who underwent operation in our department, and the control brain tissue were obtained from the patients of epilepsy who underwent lobe-ectomy in our department. The various expression of apoptosis associated genes between glioblastoma and normal brain tissue were screened by means of a cDNA microarray. The hybridized signal was normalized using the signal of a set of house-keeping genes. The gene whose signal change was more than 1.5 times were selected and considered at significantly different levels.Results Totally, 28 differential expression genes were found in the experiments including 17 up-regulation and 11 down-regulation. 6 of them were selected and corroborated using RT-PCR. The results of RT-PCR of the selected genes showed that the direction of expression alteration were identical with the results of cDNA analysis.Conclusion A lot of apoptosis related genes involve in the development of glioblastoma, and CRAF1, hHR23B are the new genes which related to glioblastoma.

Transcranial Approach Resecting Orbital Apex Neurilemoma

Li Yong;Zhang Tianming;An Yuzhi;Shi Jitong

2005, 26(4):  397-399. 

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Objective To explore the surgical experience for orbital apex and cranio-orbital communicating neurilemoma.Methods Retrospective study of clinical manifestations, neuroradiological features and operative techniques in 22 cases underwent transcranial approach from Dec. 1997 to May. 2005. Patients ages were from 4 to 63 years, 30.6 years in average; 15 male, 7 female. Chief compliants were progressive proptosis, loss of vision in 17 patients. Radiological findings: 15 cases invading the cavernous sinus through superior orbital fissure, and 1 cases invading pterygopalatine fossa through inferior orbital fissure. Suitable transcranial approaches were choosed subfrontal craniotomy, transorbitorimal subfrontal craniotomy, transorbitorimal pterional craniotomy according to the location, size and intracranial invading of the tumor. In the orbit, the lateral approach was directed through the space between the superior and the lateral rectus muscles.Results Tumor total removal were achieved in 18 cases, subtotal removal in 3 cases, partial removal in 1 case. 1 case suffered from neurofibromatosis type 1 and pathologically confirmed orbital malignant neurilemoma. Postoperatively, ophthalmoplegia was found in 6 cases, 5 cases were recovered after 3 months respectively, permanent oculomotor nerve palsy was found in 1 case. Blindness was occurred in 2 cases. There was no operative death or other significant complication. Duration of follow up was 1 month to 7 years, tumor recurred in 1 case.Conclusion Orbital apex neurilemoma inclines invading the cavernous sinus through the superior orbital fissure. Adequate orbital apex decompression and exposure of the tumor can be reached by suitable transcranio-orbital approach. Prognosis is excellent with complete surgical excision.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Gaint Dumbbell Trigeminal Neurinoma

Jia Guijun;Zhang Junting;Wu Zhen

2005, 26(4):  400-402. 

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Objective To study the diagnosis and microneurosurgical treatment of gaint dumbbell trigeminal neurinoma.Methods 35 cases of dumbbell trigeminal neurinoma which had been diagnosed by MRI were operated through microsurgery. 28 cases were through the subtemporal transtentorial approach. 5 cases were through the frontotemporal with zygomatic osteotomy approach, 2 cases received operation through retrosigmoid approach.Results Total resection was achieved in 33 cases(94.3%), subtotal resection in 2 cases. No operative death. Their pathohistological diagnosis were neurinoma. The symptoms before operation such as headache was improved. The abducence nerve palsy was occurred in 8 cases postoperativly, 4 cases was recovered at least. There was no perminant disfunction of the oculomotor nerve. The patients with hydrocephalus were improved after operation. The follow-up period was between 3～60 months, and the follow up rate was 51.4%. The cases of total resection were no recurrences. The case of subtotal resection was stable after γ-knife treatment.Conclusion The gaint dumbbell trigeminal meurinoma shows its characters of MRI. The approprite individual approach and a good exposure during operation are very important.

Multiple Factor Analysis of Early Post-operative Cerebral Ischemia of Intracranial Aneurysm

Liu Wei;Zhao Jizong;Wang Shuo;Tang Jie;Zhao Yuanli

2005, 26(4):  403-406. 

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Objective Cerebral ischemia is one of the main factors affect prognosis of cerebral aneurysm. The related risk factors of cerebral ischemia after craniotomy treatment of intracranial aneurysm were discussed.Methods 291 intracranial aneurysm patients were investigated retrospectively in the study. They were grouped according to the post-operative cerebral ischemia complication. Multiple factor analyses were then carried out about age, gender, history of hypertension, Hunt-Hess grading at admission, Fisher grade of disease to discuss the relationship of above-mentioned factors with the occurrence of post-operative cerebral ischemia.Results The incidence of cerebral ischemia at 2 weeks after operation was 14.1% in this study. Hypertension history ( OR 1.998; 95% CI 1.15 to 3.47; P <0.05), complex operational method of aneurysm ( OR 2.501; 95% CI 1.33 to 4.69; P <0.01), rupture of aneurysm during operation ( OR 3.419; 95% CI 1.77 to 6.62; P <0.01) independently predicted worsened clinical outcome of cerebral ischemia early postoperation.Conclusion According the current data, the independent risk factors of post-operation early (2 weeks) cerebral ischemia include: history of hypertension, complex operation method and rupture during operation.

Far Lateral Approach to Tumors of Foramen Magnum Regions

Ge Ming;Zhang Junting;Jia Guijun;Wu Zhen;Cui Yong;Qi Wei

2005, 26(4):  407-409. 

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Objective To summary the clinical characters of foramen magnum tumors, discuss the surgical approach and microsurgical skill for improving the ability of diagnosis and treatment of tumors in formen magnum.Methods By analyzing retrospectively 92 cases of foramen magnum tumors resected by the far-lateral approach in department of neurosurgery in Beijng Tiantan Hospital from March 1998 to December 2003.Results All cases adapted the far-lateral approach and microsurgical techniques. In all of 92 cases, total removal was achieved in 66 cases (71.7%); 22 (23.9%) case were resected subtotally and 4 (4.3%) cases were resected partially. Post-operative complications were confirmed in 41 cases (44.6%), 2 case died after operation and surgical mortality was about 2.17%.Conclusion Lower clivus, ventral medullar, lower cranial nerves can be exposed by farlateral approach. The injures of artery, nerve fibers and brainstem in operation can be decreased or avoided by this approach.

Temporo-suboccipital Transpetrosal Approach for Tumors of the Petrous and Clival Regions: Experience with 116 Cases

Ni Ming;Zhao Jizong

2005, 26(4):  410-412. 

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Objective To introduce the temporo-suboccipital transpetrosal approach to remove the tumors in the clivus and/or petrous regions.Methods All of the 116 patients have undergone the temporo-suboccipital transpetrosal approach. The approach has been divided into three variants: retrolabyrinthine presigmoid, trans-sigmoid, translabyrinthine and transcochlear presigmoid.Results In 75 cases, the patients' tumors were totally removed. And 33 tumors were incompletely removed, 8 patients' tumors were largely removed. The postoperative mortality was 2.6%.Conclusion The temporo-suboccipital transpetrosal approach, which has several variants, provides exposure from the sphenoid ridge and cavernous sinus to the foramen magnum. These approaches are suitable for exposure and removaling tumors of cranial base, clival, petroclival, or sphenopetroclival.

A Study of Diffusion Tensor Tractography in Patients with Brain Tumors

Yu Chunshui;Li Kuncheng;Qin Wen

2005, 26(4):  413-417. 

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Objective To demonstrate the location of clinically eloquent white matter tracts with respect to cerebral tumors using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) and to determine the role of this technique in neurosurgical planning and postoperative assessment.Methods Sixteen patients with pathologically proved brain tumors underwent diffusion tensor imaging prior to tumor excision. By using tractography software package, the vital white matter tracts (include pyramidal tract, corpus callosum and optic radiation) were reconstructed and the exact locations of the lesion with respect to clinically eloquent white matter tracts were observed in every patient. Then reasonable surgical plan was determined. After operation, the diffusion tensor imaging was performed again and associated white matter tracts were evaluated to investigate the effect of these structures by surgery.Results The relationships between tumors and white matter tracts could be divided into three types: simple displacement, displacement with disruption and simple disruption. Pyramidal tract was involved in 12 cases, 1 case was simple displacement, 9 cases were displacement with disruption and other 2 cases were simple disruption without any improvement. Corpus callosum was involved in 7 cases, three of them were displacement with disruption which reducing displacement after operation and other 4 cases were simple disruption without any improvement. Optic radiation was involved in 3 cases, all were simple displacement with reducing of displacement after operation.Conclusion Visualization of the exact location of vital white matter tracts with respect to cerebral tumors can be shown before operation by DTT.

Association between the Polymorphisms of Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Ⅰ bαHPA-2 and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease

Liu Aihua;Jia Jianping

2005, 26(4):  418-421. 

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Objective To research the association between the polymorphisms of platelet glycoprotein receptorⅠbα and ischemic cerebrovascular disease.Methods A hospital based case-control study was conducted of 232 cases in cerebrovascular diseases group confirmed by brain CT or MRI and 228 cases without clinical evidence of CVD in control group. By Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification of genomic DNA, to evaluate the interaction between the GPⅠbα genotype and other variables in relation to the prevalence of CVD.Results 591 bp PCR product of HPA-2 was digested with restriction enzyme which recognizes homozygous MM,TT and heterozygous T/M. Genotypes with 145M(T/M,MM) were 20.7% in CVD group, compared with that of the control group(7.0%). Statistics signs showed significant differences( χ²=17.946, P =0.000 2). Genotypes with 145M(T/M,MM) were 9.8% in cerebral embolism group, 17.5% in lacunar infarction group, 38.2% in large blood vessel occlusion group. When separate analysis were performed, statistics signs showed no significant differences between cerebral embolism group and control group( χ²=0.465, P =0.495). Contrast, statistics signs showed significant differences between lacunar infarction group, large blood vessel occlusion group and control group( χ²=9.236, P =0.002; χ²=37.87, P = 0.000 1 ). We put the glycoproteinⅠbαHPA-2 as the dependent variable, other cerebrovascular disease risks as independent variable. By logistic regression analysis, to remove an influence of these factors.Conclusion The glycoproteinⅠbα polymorphisms is one of the independent risks of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.

Relationship between Aphasia Types and Lesion Distribution of Aphasia Patients Whose Native Language are Chinese

Zhang Yumei;Wang Yongjun;Wang Yilong;Zhao Xingquan;Wang Chunxue;Zhou Jun;Sun Xuejin

2005, 26(4):  422-424. 

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Objective To reveal the relationship between aphasia types and lesion distribution.Methods The damaged lesion of 1 198 inpatients from Feb 2002 to Feb 2005 were recorded to find whose language disorder. Then the 325 inpatients were selected to carry out the western aphasia battery, grade criterion of the boston diagnostic aphasia and CT, MRI imaging.Results Of all 1 198 cases, there were 5 cases whose Broca areas damaged and 4 cases whose Wernicke areas damaged had no language disorder. Of 325 aphasia cases, there were 83 Broca aphasia cases, 48 Wernicke aphasia cases, 58 global aphasia cases, 12 conduction aphasia cases, 36 transcortical motor aphasia cases, 17 transcortical sensory aphasia cases, 19 transcortical mix aphasia cases and 52 anomic aphasia cases, respectively. 240 cases which damaged were located in classical language centers, 85 cases were located at other sites. In 325 aphasia patients, grade criterion of the boston diagnostic aphasia grade 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 were 84, 79, 77, 63, 22 cases respectively and many of 0 and 1 grade were distributed classical language centers.Conclusion Most of aphasia type's lesion are meet with classical language centers. The language disorder of patients whose lesion site at classical language centers are serious.

Neuropsychological Differences between Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Liu Huan;Tian Jinzhou

2005, 26(4):  425-427. 

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Objective To compare the neuropsychological performance between vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods The patients were measured by BMDC-NPTB-CR and ADL. The diagnosis of dementia, questionable dementia and normal ability based on the DSM-Ⅳ and the ICD-10 criteria, Hachinski Ischemia Scale, Cornell Scale of Depression in Dementia and the Clinical Dementia Rating.Results VCI group( n =44)had lower scores than MCI group( n =62) in total score(239.33±38.35, 273.90±50.53, P <0.001), language in MMSE(7.29±0.94, 7.76±0.94, P <0.05), WAIS-R score(30.25±4.19, 33.26±6.17, P <0.01), similarities(9.23±2.12, 10.81±2.97, P <0.01), picture completion(9.07±1.77, 10.06±2.60, P <0.05), speed(79.66±25.84, 104.29±22.49, P <0.001), and no significant differences in visuospatial function subtest and total scores of language and central executive, MMSE, memory test.Conclusion The cognitive function is worse in VCI patients than that of in MCI, especially in cognitive speed, abstract thought and language function.

Inhibitory Effect of Tenuigenin on Beta Amyloid Protein Production of SH-SY5Y Cells Transfected with APP695 cDNA

Jia Hongxiao;Ma Xin;Jiang Yong;Ruan Yan;Zhang Jizhi;Tu Pengfei;Zhang Dai

2005, 26(4):  428-431. 

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Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of tenuigenin on beta amyloid protein(Aβ) which caused Alzheimer's Disease(AD).Methods Western blotting was used to test the Aβ and C99 levels of cells; MTT and LDH was used to test the neurotoxicity of tenuigenin to the cells.Results Tenuigenin can inhibit the production of beta amyloid protein of SH-SY5Y APP695 cells, didn't have neurotoxicity to cells; it can decrease Aβ and C99 levels of SH-SY5Y APP695 cells, but it didn't decrease Aβ and C99 levels of SH-SY5Y SPA4CT cells.Conclusion Tenuigenin can inhibit the production of beta amyloid protein of SH-SY5Y APP695 cells, it's mechanism may come through affecting the β-secretase proteolytic activities.

专题报道

An Analysis of the WAIS-RC Results of Different Type Schizophrenic Patients

Liu Jianxin;Jiang Changqing;Zhang Xiaodong;Zhang Rongli

2005, 26(4):  432-434. 

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Objective To explore the intelligential feature and affecting factors of schizophrenic patients.Methods 85 schizophrentics were as research group. Control group included 20 affective disoreders and 21 normal subjects. PANSS and WAIS-RC were used to assess the patients' symptoms and intelligence.Results IQ of schizophrenic patients was significant difference with normal controls'( P <0.001、 P <0.01 or P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the type Ⅰ schizophrenia and the type Ⅱ schizophrenia in IQ. The IQ of schizophrenic patients was not related to their pathogenic age. Duration of illness of schizophrenia was marginal significant with Performance IQ( P =0.067). Educational level affected verbal IQ and full IQ of schizophrenia significantly( P <0.001 and P =0.002).Conclusion Schizophrenic patients have intelligence impairment, the paitients PIQ can be affected by their duration of illness, but the impairment is not affected by the pathogenic age. There is no significant difference between the type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ schizophrenia to IQ level.

Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and β-Enderphin in Blood of Rats with Transient Global Brain Ischemia

Fu Huifang;Chen Rui;Yu Peilan;Sun Lin;Tan Yanguo

2005, 26(4):  435-437. 

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Objective To observe the dynamic changes of the content of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and β-enderphin(β-EP)after experimental cerebral ischemia in rats and the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) therapy.Methods Spragen Dawlay rats were randomly divided into the following groups: ischemia/reperfusion group(I/R), I/R group treated by HBO(HBO) and sham operated group(sham-O) as control. Global brain ischemia was induced using a modified four-vessel occlusion model originally described by Pulsinelli and Buchan. Blood was collected respectively at reperfusion time of 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 96 h after 20 min of ischemia. The content of CGRP and β-EP was measured by RIA.Results The plasma CGRP level in 6 h HBO group was significantly higher than that of 6 h I/R group( P < 0.001 ) and sham-O group( P <0.05). The plasma CGRP levels of HBO group recovered quicker than I/R group of corresponding time point. The plasma CGRP level in 96 h I/R group was significantly higher than that of sham-O group( P <0.01) and 6 h I/R, 24 h I/R, 48 h I/R group respectively( P < 0.000 01 or P <0.01). The plasma β-EP level in 6 h HBO group was slightly elevated and then decreased gradually. The plasma β-EP level in 96 h HBO group and 96 h I/R group significantly lower than that of sham-O group( P <0.05). There were no statistically significant difference between 96 h HBO group and 96 h I/R group( P >0.05).Conclusion The findings demonstrate that early HBO therapy may reduce ischemia tissue damage by mechanism of increasing level of CGRP and decreasing level of β-EP. The more HBO treatment, the better therapeutic effect.

Determination of the Flavonoid Aglycones of the Key Fruit Wing from Acer Truncatum Bunge with Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods

Zhao Wenhua;Zhang Yingxia

2005, 26(4):  438-440. 

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Objective To study on the correlation between the activity and the effective components of the key fruit wing from Acer Truncatum Bunge.Methods The determination of three kinds of flavonoid aglycones was performed with Diamonsil^TM -C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), using Methanol-water(1% acetic acid)as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detected at the wavelength of 360 nm.Results The average recovery of quercetin was 99.8%, RSD=0.72%. The average recovery of kaempferol was 100.8%, RSD=1.09%. The average recovery of isorhamnetin was 102.4%, RSD=1.61%.Conclusion There are quercetin,kaempferol and isorhamnetin in the wing of key fruit of Acer Truncatum Bunge, and their contents change with season.

Effect of Excessive Ginkgo Leaves Capsule on Antioxidants Level in Serum of Dogs

Tian Mi;Feng Gaoqian;Zhang Lei;Huan Peili

2005, 26(4):  441-442. 

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Objective To study the effect of excessive dose of Ginkgo biloba L leaves capsule on antioxidants level in serum of dogs.Methods Six dogs were fed excessive dose of Ginkgo biloba L leaves capsule. SOD and GSH-Px in serum of dogs' were measured by methods of ultraviolet visible spetrophotometry; LPO were measured by means of fluorescence spectroscopy methods.Results The activity of SOD after capsules taken were lower than that before capsule feeding. Seven to 10 h after capsules taken SOD's level was decreased significantly( P <0.01). GSH-Px's level was decreased 10 h after feeding( P <0.01). LPO was decreased in 5 h and increased in 7～12 h after capsules taken( P <0.01).Conclusion The animals are in state of oxidetine stree and ability of antioxidant of dogs is decreased after excessive ginkgo biloba L leaves capsule was taken.

Study on the Release Behaviors of MTX from PAMAM Dendrimer in Vitro

Yang Hua;Wang Ying;Su Jianting;Wang Lianghai;Zhu Ying;Tang Jingcheng

2005, 26(4):  443-446. 

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Objective Dendrimer, a new class polymeric materials of highly branched, symmetric and nanoscale, are considered as potential drug delivery vehicle for their particular structure and character. The capability of G4.0 Polyamidoamie (PAMAM) dendrimer as anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) carrier were studied.Methods UV has been employed to monitor the in vitro release of MTX from G4.0 PAMAM in different buffers. We discuss mechanism of complex by ¹H and ¹³ C NMR.Results Each G4.0 PAMAM could conjugated 14 MTX molecules; An electronic interaction between G4.0 PAMAM primary amine groups and MTX carboxylic groups was demonstrated by ¹H and ¹³ C NMR. It took 200 h to release 80% MTX from the G4.0 PAMAM-MTX complex in 10 mmol/L, pH 7.4 Tris-HCl buffer solution, while 20 h for pure MTX under same condition; With the increasing of ionic strength in Tris-HCl buffer solution, the G4.0 PAMAM-MTX complex released MTX fast and the stability of the G4.0 PAMAM-MTX system decreased.Conclusion ¹H and ¹³ C NMR data demonstrated the interaction between G4.0 PAMAM dendrimer primary amine groups and MTX carboxylic groups is due to the electrostatic force; G4.0 PAMAM dendrimer could load 14 MTX molecules; the controlled release ability of G4.0 PAMAM-MTX complex was 10 times better than the control (pure MTX) in 10 mmol/L(pH 7.4) Tris-HCl buffer solution.

Microsurgery for Pituitary Adenomas in Adolescence

Jia Wang;Bi Zhiyong;Guan Shushen;Qian Ke

2005, 26(4):  447-450. 

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Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations of pituitary adenomas in adolescence and evaluate the microsurgical efficacy in short-term follow-up(6 months) and long-term follow-up(2 years).Methods The clinical manifestations of 48 adolescents with pituitary adenomas were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into groups according to pathology or the diameter of the tumors. Macroadenomas(dia >10 mm) was in group A, microadenomas(dia ≤10 mm) was in group B. Short-time(6 months) and long-time(2 years) follow-up were done. The cure rate, control rate and non-cure rate of each group were registered.Results Of the 48 patients, 23 had prolactinomas, 9 had somatotrophinomas, 5 had Cushing's disease, 11 had non-functioning adenomas. The cure and control rate in group A was 73.0%, 6 months postoperatively, group B was 90.0 %; The cure and control rate in group A was 64.8% 2 years postoperatively, group B was 81.8%. Microsurgical efficacy of the two groups had significant difference statisticly( P <0.01).Conclusion Microsurgery was a safe and effective and preferential therapy for pituitary adenomas in adolescence. But for macroadenomas, postoperative radiation therapy or assisted drugs therapy was often needed. And radiation therapy should be chosen cautiously to prevent hypopituitarism.

The Effects of Hypoxia on Polarity of Hepatocytes Cultured in Vitro

Zhang Xianjie;Sun Jiabang;Song Maomin;Yuan Huisheng;Duan Zhongping

2005, 26(4):  451-453. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxia on polarity of hepatocytes cultured in vitro.Methods Sandwich-structural hepatocytes were used to study the effects of hypoxia on polarity of cultured hepatocytes. Expression of specific plasma protein, detensity of cytosolic Ca²⁺ and the morphology was observed before and after hypoxia.Results Both bile canaliculia-like structures and the distribution of specific plasma membrane protein were damaged in hypoxia treated hepatocytes. The detensity of cytosolic Ca²⁺ was increased in hypoxic hepatocytes.Conclusion Hypoxia induces significant disturbance of cell polarization in hepatocytes.

Association of G894T Polymorphism of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene with Blood Pressure Change

Li Dongbao;Hua Qi;Pi Lin

2005, 26(4):  454-456. 

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Objective To investigate the association of the G894T polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene with blood pressure change in Chinese than nationality population. Method Polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme digestion was used to detect the polymorphism of eNOS gene in 151 normotensive individuls as control(NT) and 310 hypertensive patients(EH).Results The frequencies of T allele and GT+TT genotype in EH were significantly higher than in NT group;Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Mean of arterial blood pressure of T allele of eNOS gene G894T polymorphism (20.07±1.81)kPa((150.50± 13.56 )mmHg), (13.33±0.73)kPa((100.01±8.46)mmHg), (15.58±1.05)kPa((116.84±7.84)mmHg) were higher than that of GG genotype ((19.59±1.62)kPa((146.96±12.18)mmHg), (12.99±1.06)kPa((97.44±7.98)mmHg), (15.19±1.0)kPa((113.95±7.49)mmHg)).Conclusion The T allele of G894T polymorphism of eNOS gene is one of risk factors in Chinese hypertensive population.

Changes of TF, TFPI in Plasma and the Clinical Studying in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing PCI

Lu Yafeng;Hu Dayi;Zhai Yanling

2005, 26(4):  457-459. 

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Objective To investigate changes of tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor(TFPI) before and after 4 h, 24 h after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) and their significance in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) undergone PCI.Methods The levels of plasma TF and TFPI were measured in twenty-five AMI patients with chromogenic assay, as experiment group, and simultaneously blood samples were collected from fifteen healthy person as control group. The measure points were before, 4 h, 24 h after PCI.Results 1) The levels of plasma TF and TFPI of experiment group were significantly higher than those of control group( P <0.05). 2) Compared with those of before PCI, there were significant increase of plasma TF 4 h post-PCI ( P <0.05), and there were no significant changes of plasma TF compared with those of before and 24 h post-PCI( P >0.05). There were no statistical significance of activity of TFPI before and after PCI( P >0.05).Conclusion s 1) There exists abnormally activated hyper-coagulation state in AMI patients. 2) PCI procedure may cause plaque rapture and results in TF release and triggers the extrinsic coagulation pathway. These results suggests that increased TF expression at injured atherosclerotic coronary lesions markedly increase the risk of thrombin generation. 3) These suggest that the balance between TF and TFPI is broken.

Effect of Aloe Emodin on Intimal Hyperplasia and Vascular Remodeling after Iliac Arteries' Injury of Rabbits: A Study in Vivo

Yin Chunlin;Xu Chengbin;Wang Jiarui

2005, 26(4):  460-463. 

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Objective To investigate the impact of Aloe emodin on intimal hyperplasia after iliac arteries injury of rabbits and the preventive effect of this agent on restenosis in animal model.Methods Fourteen Japanese white rabbits(weights 1.5 kg) received emodin (40 mg/(kg·d) im) or 0.9% NaCI 0.5 hours before and 7 d after balloon injury of the right iliac artery. Two weeks later, the rabbits were killed and both the injured right and the uninjured control left iliac arteries were isolated and fixed and embedded in paraffin and serially sectioned (10 μm) and stained with Weigert's elastic lamina. The cross-sectional surface areas of the vessels within the external elastic lamina (the total area), within the lumen (the lumen area), and within the intimal elastic lamina (the intimal area) were measured. The maximal intimal thickness was also measured with a LeiCA Qwin Image Processing and Analysis System.Results Compared with control, in Aloe-emodin treated groups the maximal intimal thickness were a little smaller ((0.048±0.015)mm, (0.043±0.013)mm, respectively) and the vascular areas were slightly greater (( 0.160± 0.010)mm², (0.152±0.01)mm², respectively), but there were no significant differences. The lumen size was significantly greater in Aloe emodin-treated ((0.098±0.011)mm²) than in control rabbits ((0.08±0.013)mm², P < 0.05 ), the areas of neointimal and the ratios of neointimal to intimal and vascular areas were significantly less in Aloe emodin-treated (( 0.025± 0.005)mm², 0.793±0.036, 0.617±0.054) than in control rabbits (( 0.035± 0.008)mm², 0.699±0.063, 0.538± 0.057, P < 0.05 ).Conclusion The hypothesis has been proved correct that systemic administration of Aloe emodin immediately before (0.5 h) and after intervention effectively inhibits myointimal proliferation after balloon injury of the rabbit iliac artery in vivo and may be useful in the vascular remodeling. It seems that this agent may be useful in the prevention of coronary restenosis.

Clinical Significance of Serum Levels of Combined Tumor Markers(TM) in Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

Liu Xiaofang;Zhang Husheng

2005, 26(4):  464-466. 

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Objective To evaluate the application of combined five tumor markers, CEO, CA₁25, CA₁99, NSE and SF in diagnosing lung cancer in terms of enhancement in the early detection rate.Methods Using tumor markers protein chip, the serum CEA, CA₁25, CA₁9-9, NSE and SF levels in 73 cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 21 cases of benign pulmonary disease and 16 cases of normal controls were measured and compared.Results The levels of CEA, CA₁25, CA₁9-9, NSE and SF in patients with NSCLC were significantly higher than those in the group with benign lung diseases and in the control group( P <0.01). The sensitivity of CEA, CA₁25, CA₁9-9, NSE and SF were 79.5%, 56.2%, 56.2%, 52.1%, 57.5%, respectively, and the corresponding specificity 81.0%, 100%, 85.7%, 90.5%, 80.9%, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of the combined determinations including the five tumor markers were higher than those of the respective determination.Conclusion The serum CEA, CA₁25, CA₁9-9, NSE and SF levels are very valuable in diagnosis of lung cancer. The combined detection five tumor markers is recommended in clinical work.

Mechanisms of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Improving Protein Malnutrition: a Study in Vitro

Wen Yubing;Liu Huilan;Huang Lirong;Yao Ying

2005, 26(4):  467-470. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of rhGH on biosynthesis and secretion of secretory albumin, transferrin, insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, -3(IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3) of primary cultured hepatocytes and liver non-parenchymal cells of rat.Methods Rat hepatocytes and liver non-parenchymal cells are isolated by two-step procedures in situ. RhGH is added to the medium and the vehicle is added for control. Albumin and transferrin of medium are measured with sandwich ELISA. IGF-Ⅰ, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3 in cells lysate are analyzed by Western Blotting.Results The medium concentrations of albumin and transferrin and the IGF-Ⅰ level in cells lysate are significantly higher in rhGH group than in control group, all P <0.01. The IGFBP-1 level in cells lysate is significantly lower and IGFBP-3 level is significantly higher in rhGH group than in control group, both P <0.05.Conclusion rhGH increases biosynthesis and/or secretion of secretory albumin, transferrin, and IGF-I et al. And rhGH inhibits biosynthesis of IGFBP-1 in hepatocytes and enhances expression of IGFBP-3 in non-parenchymal liver cell significantly.

The Epidemiological Survey and Prophylactic-therapeutic Rneasures of Hypertension in Hospital Staff

Wang Ruimin

2005, 26(4):  471-473. 

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Objective To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment rate and control rate of hypertension in hospital staffs.Methods A total of 1 687 staff were selected. Statistics in terms of the prevalence, awareness and treatment rate of hypertension were conducted according to their clinical data. Statistics was repeated following 2 years' education and treatment. A case of hypertension was defined as any person with systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 18.6 kPa(140 mmHg), or with diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 12.0 kPa(90 mmHg).Results Overall, the prevalence of hypertension in hospital staff was 23.8% in 2001. Among hypertension population, 84.0% were aware of their high blood pressure, 80.8% were on medicine, and 36.9% had their blood pressure controlled (<18.6/12.0 kPa(<140/90 mmHg)). 2 years later, the prevalence was 25.2% and the rates of awareness, treatment and controlled blood pressure were significantly increased to 99.3% (87.5% in those who got hypertension in 2 years), 89.4% and 61.2% respectively.Conclusion There is no significant difference of prevalence between hospital staff and general population. But the rates of awareness, treatment and controlled blood pressure are significantly higher in the former. While among hospital staff, the rates are highest in the retired group. And the rates could be increased further after education.

Effects of Simvastatin on apoA₁, apoB₁₀₀ and High Sensitive CRP on Hypercholesterolernia

Liu Qi;Chang Zhiwen

2005, 26(4):  474-475. 

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Objective To evaluate the effects of simvastatin on plasma apoprotein A₁（apoA₁）, apoB₁₀₀ and hs-CRP in hypercholesterolemia.Methods Serum cholesterol, apoA₁, apoB₁₀₀ and hs-CPR were determined before and after treatment with simvastatin 20 mg/d in 79 patients with hypercholesterolemia.Results After treatment with simvastatin, the serum cholesterol, apoB₁₀₀ as well as hs-CRP were significantly decreased（ P <0.01）. And the ratio apoA₁/apoB₁₀₀ was increased significantly（ P < 0.05 ）.Conclusion The lipid lowering treatment with simvastatin can not only decrease serum cholesterol, but also inhibit the inflammation. The results indicate that simvastatin can prevent the development of atherosclerosis by multiple ways.

The Random, Double-blind and Controlled Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Nateglinide in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Wang Li;Lu Meihua

2005, 26(4):  476-478. 

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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Nateglinide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.Methods 50 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and allocated randomly in two groups, the test group (neteglinide group, 25 cases) and the control group (repaglinide group, 25 cases). A clinical study of 12 weeks period was conducted using the random, double-blind, parallel-controlled method.Results Compared with the baseline value(0 week), the HbA₁c, fasting glucose(FBG), 2 h post-meal glucose (2 h PBG) in the test group decreased by 2.45%, 0.82 mmol/L, 3.59 mmol/L respectively in the twelfth week, while the HbA₁c, FBG, 2 h PBG in the control group decreased 3.10%, 1.77 mmol/L, 4.33 mmol/L respectively( P <0.01). There were no significant difference between the two groups in the comparison of the above indexes. During the treatment of 12 weeks, there were no change of clinical significance found in both life signs and laboratory tests.Conclusion Nateglinide can make the HbA₁c, FBG, 2 h PBG significantly decreased and it has an excellent safety and tolerance.

Study of Animal Model of the PromoPted One Phase Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Pigs

Ren Tianhua;Jiang Yue;Ren Aimin;Zhang Shuwen;Wang Baoen

2005, 26(4):  479-481. 

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Objective The purpose of the study was to provide a simple and useful MODS animal model.Methods 16 one-year-old male swines whose weight was 20～25 kg were selected. Colon bacillus (17×10⁸/kg)was injected into right jugular. Serum endotoxins, blood routine, blood gas analysis, mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate (HR), temperature and breath rate were examined 1, 3, 5, and 7 h after injection respectively.Results 3 h after models were made with standard colon bacillus, all animals had endotoxemia; 5 h later, and 100% animals had MODS.Conclusion An useful animal model of MODS is provided by the present study.

Effects of Pancreatitis-associated Ascites on nNOS in Jejunum Myenteric Plexus

Liu Diangang;Sun Jiabang;Zhang Shuwen;Li Fei;Zhu Bin;Wan Wei;Qu Ruiyao

2005, 26(4):  482-485. 

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Objective To investigate the effects on the gastrointestinal motility of ascites associated with experimental acute pancreatitis and on the electrogastrointestinal arrhythmia in rats and its mechanisms.Methods AP was produced with 5% sodium taurocholate by the method of retrograde pancreatic-injection. At 24 h after the induction of pancreatitis, the rats were sacrificed and the peritoneal exudates were aseptically collected followed by centrifugation at 4 ℃. The supernatants from the rats were combined which were designated as pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid (PAAF). A total of 24 Wister rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group, sham group, PAAF group and LNNA plus PAAF group. We completed directly A/D change and achieved the computer real-time recording by combining the traditional recording device with Maclab/4e date recording and analysis systems. Furthermore, the nNOS located in yenteric neurons was assayed by semi-quantitatived immunohistochemical methods in rat jejunum.Results The frequency and amplitude of the slow wave (SW) of the rat jejunum were inhibited when 5 mL PAAF was injected peritoneally after 24 h (PAAF group); while the percentage of dysrhythmias was increased( P <0.05),the contractive function of the intestinal smooth muscle were also inhibited more significantly than that of the sham group( P <0.05). The gray values in the yenteric neurons in rat jejunum of the PAAF group were increased obviously than that of the sham group( P < 0.05).Conclusion PAAF has effects on the electrogastr ointestinal arrhythmia in rats and the mechanisms may be related with the activation of nNOS in jejunum myenteric plexus during acute pancreatitis.

Effects of iNOSmRNA on Pancreatic Endocrine Function of Experimental Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

Liu Dongbin;Sun Jiabang;Li Fei;Zhang Shuwen;Sun Haichen;Cui Yeqing;Liu Shuang;Liu Dachuan

2005, 26(4):  486-488. 

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Objective To investigate the endocrine function changes in rats with severe acute pancreatitis, and explore the effects of iNOS on pancreatic endocrine function of experimental severe acute pancreatitis in rats.Methods SAP model was produced and the pathological score and the level of serum glucose and lipases were determined. Islets of rats with SAP were isolated and the amount of insulin secretion stimulated by glucose was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The iNOSmRNA expression in isolated islet cells were assayed by reverse transcription PCR.Results In SAP models, pancreas showed pathological injury after induction of pancreatitis, accompanied with the elevated levels of serum glucose and lipases. The amount of insulin secretion induced by glucose from rats' islets with SAP were less than those from normal rats. In SAP rats, the iNOSmRNA expression of islet increased significantly.Conclusion SAP could impair the pancreatic endocrine function, and iNOSmRNA has been involved in the islet functional injure in SAP.

Relationship Between Tumor Necrosis Factor and Injuries of Liver Graft after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Rats

Xia Renpin;Wu Jushan;Wu Juan;Lu Shichun;Guo Qingliang;Huang Jianwen;Zhao Chunhui;Terry B Strom

2005, 26(4):  489-491. 

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Objective To study the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels and ischemia-reperfusion injury of liver grafts after different cold-storage time during the early stage after orthotopic liver transplantation in rats.Methods The survival periods and peripheral serum ALT levels were observed, and the secretion volume of bile as well as TNF-α activities of blood from portal vein of rats with liver grafts were examined.Results All the animals in groups of control and 4 h cold storage survived over 50 d, and group of 8 h cold storage survived less than 3 d. The secretion volume of bile were more in control and 4 h groups than that in 8 h group( P <0.05), and the ALT levels were lower in control and 4 h group than that in 8 h group( P <0.05). The activity of TNF-α was not detected in the control but elevated significantly in the 8 h group, especially 2 h after operation, and only elevated slightly in the 4 h group at the same time( P <0.05).Conclusion The upregulation of TNF-α is involved in the mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury of liver graft during the early stage after orthotopic liver transplantation. TNF-α may be originated from Kupffer cells of liver graft.

Research on Immunophenotyping with Muti-color Flow Cytometry in Sixty Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Sun Xuejing;Wan Suigui;Xu Juan;Su Li;Tian Ding

2005, 26(4):  491-494. 

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Objective To evaluate the charateristics of immunophenotyping in adults with acute myeloid leukemia（AML） using multi-color flow cytometry.Methods Immunophenotyping was performed with multi-color flow cytometry using CD₄₅ /SSC gating.Results The myeloid antigen of CD₁₃ and CD₃₃ was highly expressed in all patients with AML. The positive rate was 98.3 % and 85.0% respectively. The expression of CD₁₄ and CD₆₄ in patients with AML-M₄ and AML-M₅ were also high. The positive rate was 60.0%, 100.0% in AML-M₄ and 80.0%, 100.0% in AML-M₅ respectively. The expression of CD₃₄ 、CD₁₁₇ and HLA-DR in patients with AML was 59.3%, 84.3% and 71.7% respectively. CD₁₁₇ was expressed in 76.9% of patients with AML-M₃. Expression of CD₃₄ and HLA-DR was low in patients with AML-M₃. CD₇ and CD₁₉ expression in patients with AML was 20.0% and 3.3% respectively.Conclusion The immunophenotyping results of adults with AML were more reliable with gating of CD₄₅ /SSC. Monoclonal antibodies of CD₁₃, CD₃₃ and CD₁₄ can be used to detect the immunophenotyping in AML. The expression of CD₃₄ and HLA-DR was low in patients with AML-M₃. The expression of CD₇ lymphoid-associated antigens is relatively common in adults with AML.

A Clinical Observation of Rocuronium Used for Endotracheal Intubation

Jiao Xiping;Shi Zhonghua;Wang Baoguo;Dong Jia;Liu Min

2005, 26(4):  495-497. 

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Objective To observe the indications and adverse reactions of rocuronium used for endotracheal intubation in patients of neurosurgical operation.Methods 470 neurosurgical patients, ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ, were induced with fentanyl 2 μg/kg, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg and propofol 2 mg/kg after the airway condition was evaluated with Mallampatti classification. The exposure of the glottis was evaluated with Cormack-Lehane classification. The adverse reactions of rocuronium and the patients' motions were recorded during tracheal intubation.Results Intubation was successfully performed once in 94.7% patients, twice in 4.0% patients, and three times in 1.3% patients. The occurrence of adverse reactions was 13.4%. 6.4% patients had motion response during intubation.Conclusion Rocuronium can be safely applied in neurosurgery. In addition to Mallampatti classification, Cormack-Lehane classification increases and the occurrence of difficult intubation rises.

Epidural Anesthesia Versus Inhalation Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy in Children

Zheng Tiehua;Zhang Jianmin;Gao Tieguang;Wang Fang;Wang Ping;Zhang Jinzhe

2005, 26(4):  498-501. 

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Objective To compare the adverse effects in between epidural and general anesthesia for laparoscopic varicocelectomy（LV）, to explore the feasibility of epidural anesthesia in short procedures to meet the preference of some mothers and surgeons.Methods A prospective study was made in 40 cases randomly selected from two matchable groups of children, 20 from each group, who come for LV under either epidural anesthesia（group E） or inhalation anesthesia（group I） according to the preference of anesthetists and mothers. The followings are recorded including: anxiety of induction, smoothness during operation, intubation time, postoperative pain and recovery of eating and walking. During anesthesia, the HR, MAP, SpO₂, P_ET CO₂（group I）, Ppeak（group I）and RR（group E）were recorded continuously. Arterial blood gas analyses were done at definite time: 5 min before pneumoperitoneum, 5 min and 15 min after pneumoperitoneum and 5 min after decompression of pneumoperitoneum.Results 1) General comparisons were made on the smoothness of operation, pre-and post-operative reaction and recovery; there was no significant difference between the two groups of anesthesia. 2) In the group E, compared with the HR before pneumoperitoneum, the HR was significantly lowered 15 min after pneumoperitoneum and 5 min after decompression of pneumoperitoneum（ P <0.05）; while the HR showed no marked change before and after pneumoperitoneum in the Group I（ P >0.05）. 3) the respiratory rate（RR） in the group E remarkably increased after pneumoperitoneum（ P <0.05）and remained at a high level at 5 min after decompression of pneumoperitoneum. 4) Arterial blood gas: the PaCO₂ and HCO₃ - were significantly elevated after pneumoperitoneum in group E.Conclusion Although inhalation anesthesia is superior in the reversibility, and the blood gas analyses showed also better records, but clinically the adverse effects were negligible in epidural anesthesia. For patients of ASAⅠgrade undergoing minor operations like LV less than 40 min and pneumoperitoneum pressure of 1.6 kPa（12 mmHg）, epidural anesthesia is definitely safe and feasible.

Clinical and Neuro-imaging Manifestations of Heroin Spongiform Leukoencephalopathy

Liu Jun;Wang Chunxue;Niu Songtao;Tang Hefei;Chen Yaliang

2005, 26(4):  502-504. 

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Objective To observe clinical manifestations, characteristics of CT and MRI imaging of characteristics and investigate diagnostic the principles of heroin spongiform leukoencephalopathy (HSLA) and to recommend therapeutic strategies.Methods Clinical and imaging data of one case with HSLA were reviewed references nation wide.Results This case had a history of inhaling heated heroin through nose for 10 years and had intermittent drug abstinence 4 times. The pathological process is chronic with graduall deterioration and the main clinical manifestations were memory declining, clumsy, cerebellum ataxia as well as decreased deep sensation of both legs. Symmetric long T1 and long T2 were detected on MRI across cerebellum, post branch of internal capsule, around both lateral ventrical, and subcortical white matter as well as midbrain. Clinical symptoms had improved with the treatment of hyperbaric oxygen, Naloxone,Ginkgo biloba, Citicoline, ATP, multiple vitamins.Conclusion Inhaling heated heroin via nose and abstinence of drug are main causes of HSLE. Thus, we suggest neuroprotective treatment before abstinence of drug should be strengthened in order to lower incidence or alleviate clinical symptoms of HSLA closely related to drug abstinence.

The Development of the Measuring Methods of the Working Time and Setting Time of the Tissue Conditioners

Zhao Jing;Hong Guang;Li Yingai;Murata Hiroshi;Hamada Taizo;Jin Chen

2005, 26(4):  505-508. 

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Objective To develop and establish the testing methods appropriate for the determination of the working time and setting time of these materials using the Displacement rheometer.Methods Five commercial tissue conditioners were used. Three tests were carried out for each material both at 23 ℃(working time) and at 37 ℃(setting time). The working time was defined as the time when initial elastic recovery of the material was observed at 23 ℃. The setting time was the time when the elastic recovery reached a final constant value at 37 ℃.Results The significant differences were found among the working time and setting time among the different materials. The setting behavior of each material was different. The SR sample exhibited shortest value of working time with (2.7±0.2)min. And the VG sample exhibited longest value with (15.7±0.5)min. In the setting time, the VG sample exhibited longest value ((25.0±0.8)min), and SR sample exhibited shortest value ((7.7±1.9)min).Conclusion The results suggest that the Displacement Rheometer suits with determination of the working time and setting time of tissue conditioner. The method is useful for the evaluation of the setting behavior of these material.

综述

The Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Pregnancy at the Site of Scar Caused by the Previous Cesarean Section in the First Trimester

Meng Fan

2005, 26(4):  511-513. 

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We reviewed and analyzed all cases from all over world to summariz diagnostic methods and therapeutic experiences, and improve the knowledge about pregnancy in the previous cesarean section, in the hope of providing the diagnostic basis and therapeutic guidetines which are feasible for the clinical practice.